Numerous " adulterine ", or unauthorised, castles had been built as bases for local lords — the chronicler Robert of Torigny complained that as many as 1, 115 such castles had been built during the conflict, although this was probably an exaggeration as elsewhere he suggested an alternative figure of 126.

Numerous proposals have been made for alternative base units of metric time.

Numerous special versions of Zaporozhets were equipped with additional sets of controls that allowed operating the car with a limited set of limbs or completely by hands, and were given for free or with big discounts to the disabled people, especially war veterans, as an alternative to SMZ-series microcars ( such variants reached at times up to 20 % of ZAZ output ).

Numerous theories of widely varying plausibility have been proposed by experts, reporters, and amateur enthusiasts.

Numerous theories have appeared regarding Arafat's death, with the most prominent being poisoning, AIDS ( or HIV ), polonium poisoning, as well as cirrhosis, or a platelet disorder.

Numerous theories state that dreaming is a random by-product of REM sleep physiology and that it does not serve any natural purpose.

Numerous theories have been proposed as to their motives for desertion, including cultural alienation, mistreatment of immigrant soldiers by nativist soldiers and senior officers, their not being allowed to attend Sunday Mass or to practice their religion freely, the incentive of higher wages and land grants starting at offered by Mexico, and their witnessing poor conduct of U. S. troops following battle victories.

Numerous theories have been proposed for the etymology of Vanir.

Numerous theories have been proposed by scientists to provide normal explanations for ghost sightings.

Numerous different theories have been proposed to explain the development of homosexuality, but there is so far no universally accepted account of the origins of a homosexual sexual orientation.

Numerous theories have been given to explain their formations.

Numerous theories have been proposed to explain post-polio syndrome.

Numerous terrestrial experiments have been performed, over very short distances, where no " light dragging " or extinction effects could come into play, and again the results confirm that light speed is independent of the speed of the source, conclusively ruling out emission theories.

Numerous theories for the disappearance of the Joyita's crew and passengers have been advanced.

Numerous theories exist as to what the Roman presence would have made or exploited in the area, in particular, the natural harbour that the fort would have been very close to at that time.

Numerous documentaries feature wildebeest crossing rivers, with many being eaten by crocodiles or drowning in the attempt.

Numerous Private Placement Offerings were developed by ATN's CEO in an attempt to infuse additional capital resources for the development of Amari.

Numerous online groups and petitions were created in an attempt to keep the show on air.

* Tank Treads – Numerous combat robots have used treads or belts in place of wheels in an attempt to gain additional traction.

Numerous security printing techniques have been used to attempt to enhance the security of ID cards.

Numerous small circuit changes were introduced by Dynaco over the years in an attempt to improve the stability and reliability of the ST 120, without much success.

Numerous legends exist that attempt to describe the origin of the Spooklight, one of which involves the ghosts of two young Native American lovers looking for each other.

Numerous times, he and Engels expressed irritation with dilettante academics who sought to knock up their skimpy historical knowledge as quickly as possible into some grand theoretical system that would explain " everything " about history.

Numerous hypotheses have been proposed to explain how oak species are able to remain morphologically and ecologically distinct with such high levels of gene flow, but the phenomenon is still largely a mystery to botanists.

Numerous other models have also been proposed to explain short gamma-ray bursts, including the merger of a neutron star and a black hole, the accretion-induced collapse of a neutron star, or the evaporation of primordial black holes.

Numerous books, such as Mark Adkin's The Charge ( 1996 ), have been written seeking to explain the " reason why " the brigade was lost.

Numerous legends purport to explain the presence of numerous pigeons on the Main Square.

Numerous lakes of volcanic origin are found in the interior highlands ; many of these lakes are surrounded by mountains and have high, steep banks.

Numerous cultivars have also been selected for garden use, several of them, such as the yellow-fruited Sorbus ' Joseph Rock ', of hybrid origin.

Numerous archaeological sites of both Māori and European origin have been recorded, including an extensive pa ( fortified earthworks ) site on Pa Hill and a number of house terraces and garden sites, middens ( food refuse dumps ), stone tool manufacture areas and stone walls.

Numerous types of tea are produced around Mount Wuyi ; it is the origin of Da Hong Pao tea and Lapsang souchong, further described in Wuyi tea.

Numerous opinions have been expressed concerning the origin and the institute of the Culdees, some calling them monks, some secular canons and hospitallers, and others going so far as to say that they were Independents, or Dissenters, or even the forefathers of the modern Freemasons.

Numerous Montenegrin and Croatian researchers, linguists and historians ( under the flag of Jevrem Brković and Vojislav Nikčević ), aside from slowly standardizing a Montenegrin language separately from the Serbian, have confounded a theory of Montenegrin origin.

While many indigenous Amazonian people say they received the instructions directly from plants and plant spirits, researchers have devised a number of alternative theories to explain its discovery.

Although the existence of dark matter is generally accepted by the mainstream scientific community, several alternative theories have been proposed to try to explain the anomalies for which dark matter is intended to account.

Montessori pre-and primary school programs employ alternative theories of guided exploration which seek to embrace children's natural curiosity rather than, for instance, scolding them for falling out of rank.

An extension of this expansion is the parametrized post-Newtonian ( PPN ) formalism, which allows quantitative comparisons between the predictions of general relativity and alternative theories.

There have been varying scientific and alternative theories about the Great Pyramid's construction techniques.

Many alternative, often contradictory, theories have been proposed regarding the pyramid's construction techniques.

Joseph Boussinesq ( a mathematician and physicist ) developed theories of stress distribution in elastic solids that proved useful for estimating stresses at depth in the ground ; William Rankine, an engineer and physicist, developed an alternative to Coulomb's earth pressure theory.

Lacan's theories influenced literary criticism of Hamlet because of his alternative vision of the play and his use of semantics to explore the play's psychological landscape.

It included a review of alternative theories, such as those of Thomas Burnet and Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon.

In November 2006, Minsky published The Emotion Machine, a book that critiques many popular theories of how human minds work and suggests alternative theories, often replacing simple ideas with more complex ones.

* Mages of Sons of Ether are inspiration-oriented scientists dedicated to fringe theories and alternative science.

Though nearly all scholars reject any alternative authorship candidates, including Oxford, popular interest in various authorship theories persists.

In 1978, Paul Thagard proposed that pseudoscience is primarily distinguishable from science when it is less progressive than alternative theories over a long period of time, and its proponents fail to acknowledge or address problems with the theory.

Recent findings have boosted or even confirmed these alternative biochemistry theories with the discovery that arsenic can act as a building block of life.

Reliabilist theories of knowledge are sometimes presented as an alternative to that theory: rather than justification, all that is required is that the belief be the product of a reliable process.

Psychoanalysts critical of Nicolosi's theories have offered gay-affirmative approaches as an alternative to reparative therapy.

It is important to note that ancient precedent existed for alternative theories and developments which prefigured later discoveries in the area of physics and mechanics ; but in the absence of a strong empirical tradition, dominance of the Aristotelian school, and in light of the limited number of works to survive translation in an era when many books were lost to warfare, such developments remained obscure for centuries and are traditionally held to have had little effect on the re-discovery of such phenomena ; whereas the invention of the printing press made the wide dissemination of such incremental advances of knowledge commonplace.

Many TWA Flight 800 alternative theories exist, the most prevalent being that a missile strike from a terrorist or U. S. Navy vessel caused the crash, and is the subject of a government coverup.

Preliminary studies suggest that this dark energy corresponds to a positive Λ, although alternative theories cannot be ruled out as yet.

However, the fact that empirical evidence does not serve to determine between alternative theories does not necessarily imply that all theories are of equal value, as scientists often use guiding principles such as Occam's Razor.

Subsequently, several alternative theories were proposed, including the neo-Piagetian theories of cognitive development.

However it did note that alternative scientific theories could be taught: