* 1818 – In the Battle of Maipú, Chile's independence movement – led by Bernardo O ' Higgins and José de San Martín – win a decisive victory over Spain, leaving 2, 000 Spaniards and 1, 000 Chilean patriots dead.

Bernardo O ' Higgins

Another of the earliest advocates of full independence, Bernardo O ' Higgins, captained a rival faction that plunged the Criollos into civil war.

O ' Higgins, Carrera and many of the Chilean rebels escaped to Argentina.

In exile in Argentina, O ' Higgins joined forces with José de San Martín.

From 1817 to 1823, Bernardo O ' Higgins ruled Chile as supreme director.

O ' Higgins alienated liberals and provincials with his authoritarianism, conservatives and the church with his anticlericalism, and landowners with his proposed reforms of the land tenure system.

Although opposed by many liberals, O ' Higgins angered the Roman Catholic Church with his liberal beliefs.

Like the church, the landed aristocracy felt threatened by O ' Higgins, resenting his attempts to eliminate noble titles and, more important, to eliminate entailed estates.

However, amid mounting discontent, troops from the northern and southern provinces forced O ' Higgins to resign.

Embittered, O ' Higgins departed for Peru, where he died in 1842.

After O ' Higgins went into exile in 1823, civil conflict continued, focusing mainly on the issues of anticlericalism and regionalism.

The political camp became divided by supporters of O ' Higgins, Carrera, liberal Pipiolos and conservative Pelucones, being the two last the main movements that prevailed and absorbed the rest.

After the defeat of his liberal army at the Battle of Lircay on April 17, 1830, Freire, like O ' Higgins, went into exile in Peru.

O ' Higgins and Freire listened to it with respect and full of emotion, for they had marched to victory to its tune more than once.

These include Catherine O ' Hara, Michael McKean, Parker Posey, Bob Balaban, Jane Lynch, John Michael Higgins, Harry Shearer, Jennifer Coolidge, Ed Begley, Jr. and Fred Willard.

* 1818 – Bernardo O ' Higgins formally approved the Chilean Declaration of Independence near Concepción, Chile.

Bernardo O ' Higgins was the first Supreme director of Chile.

* Bernardo O ' Higgins, first President of Chile, and his father, Viceroy of Peru Ambrosio O ' Higgins, Marquis of Osorno, a Sligoman.

* 1814 – Battle of Rancagua: Spanish Royalists troops under Mariano Osorio defeated rebel Chilean forces of Bernardo O ' Higgins and Jose Miguel Carrera.

In a 1982 judgment delivered under such a referral, Chief Justice Tom O ' Higgins bemoaned the crude strictures of the prescribed process ; especially the fact that, if the court finds that a bill does not violate the Constitution, this judgment can never subsequently be challenged.

Additionally, O ' Malley wanted to build his new stadium in Brooklyn, while Moses insisted on Flushing Meadows.

Francophones insisted on neutrality, as did some top advisers like O. D.

Originally Lean considered filming in Mexico, but later decided to film in London and Madrid, partly to secure O ' Toole, who had insisted he would take part only if the film was shot close to home.

Eric Clapton insisted he too would be there, even if O ’ Dell and other insiders, knowing of the guitarist ’ s incapacity due to severe heroin addiction, were surprised that Harrison had even considered him for the occasion.

:"( O ' Hare ) was a great swimmer and spear fisherman, and he insisted that the squadron swim with him.

Now overseeing three squadrons, O ' Hare still insisted that everyone call him " Butch.

However, Healey insisted the players were " tough S. O. B.

As head of the Chicago Aero Commission, Meigs insisted that in addition to Midway Airport ( then called Municipal Airport ) and O ' Hare Field ( then called Orchard-Douglas ), the city needed an airfield within ten minutes of the Loop.

O ' Duffy insisted on a Catholic nationalist ethos to distinguish the gardaí from their RIC predecessors.

O ' Duffy accepted the ban and insisted that he was committed to upholding the law.

In 1967, he led an academic movement which issued the so-called Land O ' Lakes statement which insisted upon " true autonomy and academic freedom in the face of authority of whatever kind, lay or clerical ".

Ford wanted to make The Quiet Man first, but Republic Pictures studio president Herbert Yates insisted that Ford make Rio Grande first, using the same combination of Wayne and Maureen O ' Hara ; Yates did not feel that the script of The Quiet Man was very good, and wanted Rio Grande to be released first to pay for The Quiet Man.

National League ( NL ) president John Heydler insisted that anyone who played with O ' Connell could be suspended.

) O ' Donnell commented on the DVD release of first season highlights that producers weren't keen on this opening but Rosie insisted upon it as she enjoyed being able to talk to a " real person " every show.

While recovering from his heart attack, Channel 4 insisted O ' Grady should take a week off from presenting the show.

O ' Brien insisted on representing himself at his trial and argued that the Act was unconstitutional.

He wanted to fight on the front lines as a soldier, but Professor O ' Toole, his mentor, insisted that England couldn't afford to lose his abilities in combat.

O ' Callaghan has a reputation as joker among the Munster and Irish Rugby squads, once attempting to participate in a line-out during a match with Cardiff Blues whilst wearing no shorts ( the referee eventually insisted O ' Callaghan replace his shorts before allowing the line-out to take place ).

During this trip he insisted on using only public transport, but failed on two occasions: in Oxfordshire and on the journey to John O ' Groats he had to rent a car.

Colonel Selway's superior, Major General Frank O ' Driscoll Hunter, commander of the First Air Force, insisted on strict social segregation of black and white officers.