In return for protection and patronage Ockham wrote treatises that argued for King Louis to have supreme control over church and state in the Holy Roman Empire.

In logic, Ockham wrote down in words the formulae that would later be called De Morgan's Laws, and he pondered ternary logic, that is, a logical system with three truth values ; a concept that would be taken up again in the mathematical logic of the 19th and 20th centuries.

Although a similar observation was made by Aristotle and was known to Greek and Medieval logicians ( in the 14th century, William of Ockham wrote down the words that would result by reading the laws out ), De Morgan is given credit for stating the laws formally and incorporating them in to the language of logic.

* William of Ockham: philosopher and theologian who developed Ockham's razor and wrote extensively on metaphysics, ontology, epistemology, theology, logic, and politics

Aquinas, Ockham and Scotus wrote commentaries on On Interpretation.

Ockham and Scotus wrote commentaries on the Categories and Sophistical Refutations.

William of Ockham ( d. 1349 ) wrote some of the earliest documents outlining the basic understanding of conciliarism.

All the great scholastic thinkers, such as Aquinas, Ockham, Bonaventure, and Scotus, wrote commentaries on the Sentences.

If Wycliffe was in philosophy the superior of his contemporaries and had no equal in scholastic discipline, he belongs with the series of great scholastic philosophers and theologians in which England in the Middle Ages was so rich – with Alexander of Hales, Roger Bacon, Duns Scotus, William of Ockham ( Occam ), and Thomas Bradwardine.

William of Ockham ( c. 1285 – 1349 ) is remembered as an influential nominalist though his popular fame as a great logician rests chiefly on the maxim attributed to him and known as Ockham's razor.

At about the same time, the nominalist philosopher William of Ockham argued, in Book I of his Summa Totius Logicae ( Treatise on all Logic, written some time before 1327 ), that Categories are not a form of Being in their own right, but derivative on the existence of individuals.

Although he is commonly known for Occam's razor, the methodological principle that bears his name, William of Ockham also produced significant works on logic, physics, and theology.

A theological commission had been asked to review his Commentary on the Sentences, and it was during this that Ockham found himself involved in a different debate.

Eventually, fearing imprisonment and possible execution, Ockham, Michael of Cesena and other Franciscan sympathizers fled Avignon on 26 May 1328, and eventually took refuge in the court of the Holy Roman Emperor Louis IV of Bavaria-who was also engaged in dispute with the papacy, and became Ockham's patron.

Ockham died ( prior to the outbreak of the plague, or Black Death ) either on 10 April 1347 or ( more likely ) on 9 April 1348 in the Franciscan convent at Munich in Bavaria.

Ockham and his works have been discussed as a possible influence on several late medieval literary figures and works, especially Geoffrey Chaucer, but also Jean Molinet, the Gawain Poet, François Rabelais, John Skelton, Julian of Norwich, the York and Townely Plays, and Renaissance romances.

* BBC Radio 4 ' In Our Time ' programme on Ockham Download and listen

The Summa Logicae is a textbook on logic by William of Ockham.

* Charles Sanders Peirce ( 1869 ), Translation and commentary on selected passages from Ockham, Peirce Edition Project.

By 1340, his confidence had grown sufficiently for him to launch an attack on his predecessor, William of Ockham.

Ockham has cricket and football clubs that play at weekends at Hautboy Meadows on Ockham Lane.

Descartes explicitly seconded Ockham on hating God: " why should not have been able to give this command the command to hate God to one of his creatures?

The canonists and theologians who advocated conciliar superiority drew on the same sources used by Marsilius and Ockham, but they used them in a more conservative way.

* Five Texts on the Mediaeval Problem of Universals: Porphyry, Boethius, Abelard, Duns Scotus, Ockham Paul Vincent Spade, trans.

It therefore overlaps both with late medieval philosophy, which in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries was influenced by notable figures such as Albert the Great, Thomas Aquinas, William of Ockham, and Marsilius of Padua, and early modern philosophy, which conventionally starts with René Descartes and his publication of the Discourse on Method in 1637.

However, though Ockham was excommunicated, his philosophy was never officially condemned.

The Catholic Church, too, views holy tradition in much the same terms, as a passing down of that same Apostolic Faith, but, in a critical difference from the Eastern Orthodox position, holds that the Faith continues to deepen and develop over time, and in our understanding of it, all the while staying the same ; thus the doctrine of the Trinity, the two natures of Christ, the divine motherhood, the Immaculate Conception and Assumption of Mary, along with other central Catholic Christian doctrines were not fully defined until many years after Christ had ascended and the Apostles had died, and that our understanding of them may continue to deepen, not only through mystical experience, but through the sciences of philosophy and theology, exemplified by the Scholastics, such as Saint Thomas Aquinas, Duns Scotus, and William of Ockham of the High Middle Ages.

:* Dissertation: The nominalistic philosophy of William of Ockham

Scholasticism dominated both the philosophical and theological landscape in the Middle Ages, with theologians such as Aquinas, Anselm of Canterbury, Duns Scotus, William of Ockham, Peter Abelard, Bonaventure, and Albertus Magnus playing key role in both philosophy and theology.

Nominalism has been endorsed or defended by many, including William of Ockham, Peter Abelard, D. C. Williams ( 1953 ), David Lewis ( 1983 ), and arguably H. H. Price ( 1953 ) and W. V. O. Quine ( 1961 ).

Various forms of divine command theory have been presented in the past by philosophers including William Ockham, St Augustine, Duns Scotus, and John Calvin.

Influential members of the order protested, including among others the minister general Michael of Cesena, the English provincial William of Ockham and Bonagratia of Bergamo.

They were aided in England by a group of prominent abolitionists, including Harriet Martineau, who arranged for their intensive schooling at the Ockham School in Surrey.

Though following the order of The Sentences, the commentaries of Capreolus are a calm, learned, and penetrating exposition of the teaching of St. Thomas, as well as a comprehensive defence against sundry opponents and critics, including Scotus, Henry of Ghent, John of Ripa, Guido the Carmelite, Aureolus, Durandus, Gregory of Rimini, William of Ockham, and other Nominalists.

* The Fourteenth Century ( including William of Ockham )

He engaged in long theological debates with other noted figures of the age, such as William of Ockham and Meister Eckhart.

In Part III, Ockham deals with the definition and division of consequences, and provides a treatment of Aristotle's Topical rules.

Albert's work in logic also shows strong influence by William of Ockham, whose commentaries on the logica vetus ( on Porphyry, and Aristotle's Categoriae and De interpretatione ) were made the subject of a series of works called Quaestiones by Albert.

* Ockham, William, Exposition of Aristotle's Physics in William of Ockham: Philosophical Writings, trans.

* Ockham, William, Ockham on Aristotle's Physics: A Translation of Ockham's Brevis Summa Libri Physicorum ( St. Bonaventure N. Y: The Franciscan Institute, 1989 ).

Philosophers associated with empiricism include Aristotle, Alhazen, Avicenna, Ibn Tufail, Robert Grosseteste, William of Ockham, Francis Bacon, Thomas Hobbes, Robert Boyle, John Locke, George Berkeley, David Hume, Leopold von Ranke, John Stuart Mill, and Karl Popper.

* A History of Philosophy: Volume III: Late Medieval and Renaissance Philosophy: Ockham, Francis Bacon, and the Beginning of the Modern World.

* 1328 – William of Ockham, Franciscan Minister-General Michael of Cesena and two other Franciscan leaders secretly leave Avignon, fearing a death sentence from Pope John XXII.

It is named after William of Ockham of Occam's Razor fame.

William of Ockham argued strongly that universals are a product of abstract human thought.

According to Ockham, universals are just words / names that only exist in the mind and have no real place in the external world.

Both these opinions were denied by Scotus ' pupil William of Ockham.

It can be found in the work of Peter Abelard and reached its flowering in William of Ockham, who was the most influential and thorough nominalist.

Ockham argued that only individuals existed and that universals were only mental ways of referring to sets of individuals.

As a general rule, Ockham argued against assuming any entities that were not necessary for explanations.

Prior thinkers, particularly nominalist William of Ockham in the early 14th century, had begun the intellectual movement toward empiricism.

William of Ockham (; also Occam, Hockham, or several other spellings ; c. 1288 – c. 1348 ) was an English Franciscan friar and scholastic philosopher, who is believed to have been born in Ockham, a small village in Surrey.