* As part of his actions to strengthen his political ties to Caesar's former soldiers, in 42 BC, following the deification of Caesar, Octavian added Divi Filius ( Son of the Divine ) to his name, becoming Gaius Julius Caesar Divi Filius.

* In 38 BC, Octavian replaced his praenomen " Gaius " and nomen " Julius " with Imperator, the title by which troops hailed their leader after military success, officially becoming Imperator Caesar Divi Filius

| ALTERNATIVE NAMES = Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus ; Octavian ; Gaius Octavius Thurinus

The alliance commonly known as the Second Triumvirate, renewed for a five-year term in 38 BC, broke down when Octavian came to perceive Caesarion, the son of Julius Caesar and the Egyptian Queen Cleopatra VII, as a major threat to his power.

Octavian's prestige and, more importantly, the loyalty of his legions, had been initially boosted by Julius Caesar's legacy of 44 BC, by which the then nineteen-year-old Octavian had been officially adopted as the only son of the great Roman general and also established as the sole legitimate heir of his enormous wealth.

Both Octavian and Mark Antony had fought against their common enemies in the civil war that followed the assassination of Julius Caesar.

Octavian complained that Antony had no authority for being in Egypt ; that his execution of Sextus Pompeius was illegal ; that his treachery to the king of Armenia disgraced the Roman name ; that he had not sent half the proceeds of the spoils to Rome according to his agreement ; that his connection with Cleopatra and the acknowledgment of Caesarion as a legitimate son of Julius Caesar were a degradation of his office and a menace to himself.

Octavian had Caesarion killed later that year, finally securing his legacy as Julius Caesar's only ' son '.

This constitutional tradition prevented both Julius Caesar and Octavian Augustus from accepting a crown ; instead they had to devise a confluence of several republican offices onto their persons in order to secure absolute power.

* 43 BC – The Second Triumvirate alliance of Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus (" Octavian ", later " Caesar Augustus "), Marcus Aemilius Lepidus, and Mark Antony is formed.

The most famous member of the line was the last queen, Cleopatra VII, known for her role in the Roman political battles between Julius Caesar and Pompey, and later between Octavian and Mark Antony.

In his theoretical works he defended monarchy, or at least a mixed monarchy / oligarchy and, in his own political life, he generally opposed men trying to realise such ideals, like Julius Caesar, Mark Antony and Octavian.

After his victory in the Battle of Philippi in 42 BC, fought against the army led by the assassins of Julius Caesar, Octavian tried to pay off his veterans with land expropriated from towns in northern Italy, supposedly including, according to the tradition, an estate near Mantua belonging to Virgil.

* Gaius Julius Caesar Octavian becomes Roman Consul for the third time.

* Gaius Julius Caesar Octavian becomes Roman Consul for the seventh time.

The internal turbulence that plagued Rome at this time can be seen as the last death throes of the Roman Republic, as it finally gave way to the autocratic ambitions of powerful men like Julius Caesar, Mark Antony and Octavian.

* Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus, known in English as Octavian, Roman politician and general ( 62 BC – 14 )

In 43 BC, after Octavian received his consulship from the Roman Senate, one of his first actions was to have the people that had assassinated Julius Caesar declared murderers and enemies of the state.

* Gaius Julius Caesar Octavian returns to Rome and arranged for ± 40. 000 veterans settlements in Campania, Etruria, Picenum, Samnium, Umbria and in northern Italy.

* Gaius Julius Caesar Octavian engineered the " Second Pact of Tarentum " which renewed the Triumvirate for an additional five years.

Lucius and Fulvia are defeated by Gaius Julius Caesar Octavian in the Battle of Perugia.

* Gaius Julius Caesar Octavian pacified Dalmatia and Pannonia forming the province of Illyricum, while Antony regained Armenia from Parthia.

Gaius Julius Caesar Octavian conducts a rendezvous with the Roman fleet under Marcus Vipsanius, which is engaged in clearing the Dalmatian coast of piracy.

* Gaius Julius Caesar Octavian becomes Roman Consul for the second time.

After a warm welcome by Caesar's soldiers at Brundisium, Octavian demanded a portion of the funds that were allotted by Caesar for the intended war against Parthia in the Middle East.

On Caesar's return to Italy in September 45 BC, he filed his will, naming his grandnephew Gaius Octavius ( Octavian ) as the heir to everything, including his name.

After Caesar's assassination, Antony formed an official political alliance with Octavian ( the future Augustus ) and Lepidus, known to historians today as the Second Triumvirate.

When they knew that Marcus Junius Brutus and Gaius Cassius were assembling an army in order to march on Rome, Antony, Octavian and Lepidus allied in November 43 BC, forming the Second Triumvirate to stop Caesar's assassins.

* 42 BC – First Battle of Philippi: Triumvirs Mark Antony and Octavian fight a decisive battle with Caesar's assassins Brutus and Cassius.

* April – Octavian returns from Apollonia in Dalmatia to Rome to take up Caesar's inheritance, against advice from Atia ( his mother and Caesar's niece ) and consular stepfather Antony.

Following Caesar's murder, Octavian assumed permanent title of imperator and inaugurated his well prepared principate under the name Augustus in 27 BCE.

* October 3 – First Battle of Philippi: The Triumvirs Mark Antony and Octavian Caesar fight an indecisive battle with Caesar's assassins Marcus Brutus and Cassius.

") The two are reconciled ; they prepare for war with Mark Antony and Caesar's adopted son, Octavian ( Shakespeare's spelling: Octavius ).

Octavian himself resigned shortly after, allowing the appointment of a second pair of suffect consuls ( the original consuls for the year, Caesar's legate Aulus Hirtius and Gaius Vibius Pansa Caetronianus, had died fighting on the Senate's side of the first civil war to follow Caesar's death, that between the Senate and Mark Antony himself ).

Octavian — who had begun calling himself " Divi filius " (" son of the divinity ") after Caesar's deification as Divus Iulius (" the Divine Julius ") and now styled himself simply " Imperator Caesar " — took control of the West, Antony of the East, and Lepidus of Hispania and Africa.

While Antony cemented his hold in the East and reformed the provincial administration ( like Sulla's provincial reforms, Caesar's had been quietly ignored after his death ), Octavian tightened his grip on the West and nominally oversaw a campaign against the pirate commander Sextus Pompeius ( the campaign was actually commanded by Octavian's lieutenant, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa ), which culminated in victory in 36 BC.

Her father married her to Tiberius Claudius Nero, her cousin of patrician status who was fighting with him on the side of Julius Caesar's assassins against Octavian.

The Battle of Philippi was the final battle in the Wars of the Second Triumvirate between the forces of Mark Antony and Octavian ( of the Second Triumvirate ) and the forces of Julius Caesar's assassins Marcus Junius Brutus and Gaius Cassius Longinus in 42 BC, at Philippi in Macedonia.

The matter became contentious when Caesar's adopted son Octavian came into conflict with Cleopatra.

Most threatening to Octavian ( whose claim to power was based on his status as Julius Caesar's grandnephew and adopted son ), Antony declared Caesarion to be Caesar's true son and heir.

Some fifty years later, Caesar's heir Octavian, later the princeps Augustus, had to deal with its repercussions.

On Caesar's death, Octavian inherited his adoptive father's property and lineage, the loyalty of most of his allies and-again through a formal process of senatorial consent – an increasing number of the titles and offices that had accrued to Caesar.