Opioids include heroin ( diacetylmorphine, not used in medicine in most countries ), oxycodone, hydromorphone, hydrocodone ( Vicodin ), fentanyl, pethidine, tramadol and others.

Opioids requiring Cytochrome P-450 activation ( e. g. codeine, dihydrocodeine ) should perhaps be used with an agent not chemically related to the SSRIs ; conversely, they may impact parts of the Liberation, Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism & Elimination profile for morphine, hydromorphone, oxymorphone & c the other way.

Opioids such as morphine are not used as the primary medicine since they are not effective sedative medications compared to benzodiazepines.

Opioids, while very effective analgesics, may have some unpleasant side-effects.

* Opioids ' classical use besides pain relief is as an anti-diarrhoeal drug.

Opioids have agonist actions on the intestinal opioid receptors, which when activated cause constipation.

Opioids also may act on the gut indirectly through tonic gut spasms after inhibition of nitric oxide generation.

** Phenylpiperidine derivative Opioids: Meperidine / Pethidine, Tramadol, Methadone, Fentanyl, Dextropropoxyphene, Propoxyphene.

" Opioids: Past, Present and Future.

Opioids and opiate receptors occur naturally in crustaceans and, although at present no certain conclusion can be drawn, their presence indicates that lobsters may be able to experience pain.

Opioids may mediate their pain in the same way as in vertebrates.

Opioids can fragment sleep and decrease REM and stage 2 sleep.

Opioids such as morphine and heroin do not cause pupil dilation.

# Opioids, particularly methadone, are particularly effective treatments for the symptoms of severe RLS and do not have the negative side-effects ( augmentation and rebounding ) of dopamine agonists.

Opioids are efficacious analgesics in chronic malignant pain and modestly effective in nonmalignant pain management.

Opioids inhibit GABA release ; this decreases the amount of inhibition and allows them to fire spontaneously.

Opioids and anaesthetic drugs tend to depress ventilation, especially with regards to carbon dioxide response.

Opioids which have other neurotransmitter impacts such as tramadol, pethidine, & c. can also cause jerks, but unlike the above are not completely benign.

For more information on the palliative care use of sedatives and the safe use of opioids see Opioids.

Opioids are known to have strong antidepressive, anxiolytic and antipsychotic effects and thus opioid dependence often develops as a result of self medication.

Opioids inhibit the firing of neurons in the locus coeruleus.

Then, with staring eyes and lips drawn thin, Miriam said to the young woman, `` You are ugly -- uglier than you used to be, and you were always very ugly.

Actually, two flags were used at the mansion -- a small one on rainy days, and a big one on bright days.

In the next few months of comparative silence, Pike waited patiently until conditions were perfect for a new attack, and then, displaying a remarkable grasp of the subtleties of political infighting, gained from his first bout with Woodruff, he used these changed conditions to excellent advantage.

It was a word he was proud of, a word that meant much to him, and he used it with great pleasure, almost as if it were an exclusive possession, and more: he sensed himself to be very highly educated, four cuts above any of the folks back home.

`` We were on our vacation in Canada '', Howard explained, in a muffled voice that must have been used to booming, `` and the news didn't catch up with us till we were nearly home.

Ballets were used in opera from its beginning.

Visual and operable training aids developed by the Medical Illustration Service, were used in support of Army Medical Service mass casualty exercises.

In 1959, according to the Engineers, Lake Texoma was only one of thirty-two artificial lakes and reservoirs which were used for recreation by over 1,000,000 persons.

Previously, FN actions were used for the larger cartridges.

Opaque cantaloupe and transparent wood brown were used.

Stainless steel screws were used to minimize corrosion stains.

A system had to be used which did not depend upon the feeding of the fluid into the manometer if measurements of the normal pressure were to be made in a reasonable time.

These cells were used rather than square Pyrex tubing because of the tendency of the latter to shatter when thawing frozen carbon tetrachloride.

Two types of light source were used, a thousand watt projection lamp and an AH6 high pressure mercury arc.

Three of the anti-Rh sera used were taken from recently sensitized individuals.

In several instances group O cells were also used as controls.

The red cells were used within 2 days after donation and were washed with large amounts of saline before use.

Homozygous and heterozygous Af cells, Af and homozygous and heterozygous Af cells were used to test each sample ; ;

The saline tubes were saved and used for the indirect Coombs test in the following manner.

The anti-human sera used were prepared by injecting whole human serum into rabbits.

The red cells for the Rh antibody tests were used within 3 days after drawing except for the Af cells, which had been glycerolized and stored at -20-degrees-C for approximately 1 year.

A flow rate of 72 Af was used and 12 ml fractions were collected.

When paper electrophoresis was to be used for preparation, eight strips of a whole serum sample or a chromatographic fraction concentrated by negative pressure dialysis were run/chamber under the conditions described above.