Opponents of this view include revisionist historians and a number of post – Cold War and otherwise dissident Soviet historians including Roy Medvedev, who argues that although " one could list the various measures carried out by Stalin that were actually a continuation of anti-democratic trends and measures implemented under Lenin ... in so many ways, Stalin acted, not in line with Lenin's clear instructions, but in defiance of them ".

Opponents of the view divide Developed Oldowan between Oldowan and Acheulean.

Opponents of this view sometimes reference examples of events that resulted in dramatic change rather than stable equilibrium, such as the conversion of the Earth's atmosphere from a reducing environment to an oxygen-rich one.

Opponents of the notion of " moral clarity " also note that organizations such as al Qaida and neo-Nazis also believe that their own point of view is one of " moral clarity ", which justifies them to take whatever action they feel necessary against what they see as the " forces of evil ".

Opponents of this view object citing that the severity of a crime is determined by the amount of harm done to the victim, not by their lifespan or scope of being.

Opponents of Planned Parenthood often refer to Sanger's connection with supporters of eugenics to discredit the organization by associating it, and birth control, with the more negative modern view of eugenics.

Opponents of its airing argued that the program provides a distorted view of Arab broadcasts, and a venue for antisemitism, anti-Americanism, and " terrorist propaganda ".

Opponents of this view argue that modernity is independent of culture and can be adapted to any society.

Opponents of legalized abortion view the term " reproductive rights " as a euphemism to sway emotions in favor of abortion.

Opponents of this view included those who distrusted government interference or wished to leave any such regulation to state authorities.

Opponents of the view, such as Arminians, hold that such interpretations are read into the passages, rather than being their natural meanings ; while admitting that words like " world " and " all " in the Bible do not always mean " every human being ," they maintain that there are no grounds for taking the terms in a limited sense here.

Opponents view this as a needlessly costly alternative.

Opponents of the Takfiris often view them as modern-day analogues of the Khawarij, a seventh-century off-shoot Islamic sect which waged war against the Caliphate.

Opponents of that view claim that these are not cutbacks, merely lower growth, and that spending convergence between the Home nations is not a policy objective of the current UK Government or Scottish Executive.

Opponents of an eruv typically take the view that the government participation in the eruv process necessary to approve its construction violates the First Amendment's prohibition of governmental establishment of religion.

Opponents of Wilde's view argued that Shakespeare's knowledge of the law was not exceptional.

Opponents observe that the extractive forces behind the wise use movement harm rural residents more and prey on the independence of rural residents-preaching the " right to ride " when behind that is the desire to strip mine and clearcut using unsustainable methods.

Opponents of repeal, such as Enoch Powell and Adrian Hilton, feel that it would lead to the disestablishment of the Church of England as the state religion if a Roman Catholic were to come to the throne.

Opponents of the Revolution and defenders of religion, most influentially the Irish essayist Edmund Burke, therefore placed the blame for the excesses of the French Revolution directly on the revolutionaries ' misplaced ( as he considered it ) adulation of Rousseau.

Opponents of the indivisibility of human rights argue that economic, social and cultural rights are fundamentally different from civil and political rights and require completely different approaches.

Opponents of the " dominant party " system or theory argue that it views the meaning of democracy as given, and that it assumes that only a particular conception of representative democracy ( in which different parties alternate frequently in power ) is valid.

Opponents to Québécois nationalism point to the fact that Quebec is just as ethnically diverse as the rest of Canada and therefore is divisible by different ethnic and language groups, or point to the shared Francophone heritage of the ROC ( Rest of Canada ).

Opponents of naturalism, including advocates of the verstehen method, contended that there is a need for an interpretive approach to the study of human action, a technique radically different to natural science.

* Opponents are allowed to strike their opponent with punches and kicks, including kicks below the waist, except for the groin.

Opponents of the plan see little in the way of potential benefits from the plan, except increased profits for pharmaceutical companies, and have concerns about the potential for unnecessarily causing neurological damage and contributing to increased substance abuse and drug dependence.

Opponents of Democratic Governor Jennifer Granholm pointed out that every other state gained jobs in 2005 – 2006 except Michigan.

Opponents argue that this method loses the spatial separation of individual voice lines, an otherwise valuable feature for the audience, and that it eliminates sectional resonance, which lessens the effective volume of the chorus.

Opponents to Indian Home Rule found several spokespersons, most notably Winston Churchill, and they harried the Government at every stage, culminating in a rebellion of nearly one hundred Conservative MPs voting against the third reading of the Bill — the single highest number of Conservatives to vote against a three line whip in the twentieth century.

Opponents of his regime claim that he has used money amassed through weapons sales, narcotics, international loans, and confiscation of private property to enrich himself and his political cronies who hold his dictatorship together, and that the $ 900 million published by Forbes is merely a portion of his assets, although that needs to be proven.

Opponents of its editor's political views regard it as an outlet for racist and neo-Nazi material, although Tyndall himself denied these accusations.

Opponents usually were the runners-up from the Big 8 Conference or the Southeastern Conference, although independents Penn State and Notre Dame were also often featured.

Opponents of privatization argue that the PLCB is the goose that lays the golden egg, and although it is claimed the Commonwealth would quickly gain $ 1. 7 billion by selling the liquor stores, keeping the stores public would generate significantly more money over time.

Opponents of the minimum wage claim it has these effects:

Opponents of certain privatizations believe that certain public goods and services should remain primarily in the hands of government in order to ensure that everyone in society has access to them ( such as law enforcement, basic health care, and basic education ).

Opponents of Harrison have argued that a phrase in Pope Pius XII's legislation " Cardinals who have been deposed or who have resigned, however, are barred and may not be reinstated even for the purpose of voting ", though it speaks of someone deposed or resigned from the cardinalate, not of someone who may have incurred automatic excommunication but has not been officially declared excommunicated, means that, even if someone is permitted to attend, that does not automatically translate into electability.

Opponents, who sometimes say that affirmative action is " reverse discrimination ", further claim that affirmative action has undesirable side-effects in addition to failing to achieve its goals.

Opponents of the bill claim it has reduced America's international competitive edge against foreign financial service providers, saying SOX has introduced an overly complex regulatory environment into U. S. financial markets.

Opponents of the FMA claim polling of the public has shown a cautious response, with many polls indicating opposition, even in states such as Arizona and Colorado which are normally thought of as socially conservative.

Opponents of these policies argue that comparative advantage has lost its legitimacy in a globally integrated world in which capital is free to move internationally.

Opponents of the ban claimed that its expiration has seen little if any increase in crime, while Senator Diane Feinstein claimed the ban was effective because " It was drying up supply and driving up prices.

Opponents claim that it is illegal to give or accept anything that has pecuniary value in exchange for a vote.

Opponents of social promotion argue that it has the following negative impacts:

Opponents accused him of involvement in the killing in 2000 of journalist Georgiy Gongadze ( see also SBU, " Cassette Scandal ", Mykola Mel ' nychenko ), which he has always denied.

Its athletic contests are often so competitive that CYO has been jokingly described as " Crush Your Opponents.

Opponents of the renaming claim that Porbandar, the birthplace of Mahatma Gandhi, has not been renamed Gandhinagar and Jawaharlal Nehru's birthplace Allahabad is still Allahabad and not Nehrunagar hence it is not necessary to rename Mhow after Ambedkar.

Opponents of the pitch count have argued that the inclusion of the pitch count has hurt pitchers more than it has protected them.

Opponents of the toll argue that it leads to double taxation, and say it is the first time " the federal government has put tolls on an existing interstate.

Opponents offer alternate interpretations of the same passages which in turn support a universal atonement, and the disagreement has yet to find any significant resolution.

Opponents argue that the lack of tax revenue has hurt Colorado in many ways.

Opponents also argue that Colorado's economic growth has largely been despite-not because of-this system, and is a result of changing societal desires for open spaces, outdoor sports opportunities, and other " quality of life " issues that are now imperiled by Colorado's inability to provide expanding governmental services.

Opponents generally reject these statistics, and argue that abortion has negative effects on society or decrease in crime is brought about in other ways.

Opponents respond that interposition is not a valid constitutional doctrine and has been discredited.

Opponents of adultism contend that this has led to growing number of youth, academics, researchers, and other adults rallying against adultism and ageism, such as organizing education programs, protesting statements, and creating organizations devoted to publicizing the concept and addressing it.