During the 10th Party Congress ( March 1921 ) Lenin condemned the Workers Opposition, a faction within the Communist Party, for deviating from communism and accused Trotsky of factionalism.

The 10th Party Congress also introduced a ban on factionalism within the Communist Party ; however, what Lenin considered to be ' platforms ', such as the Democratic Centralists and the Workers Opposition, were allowed.

Despite the ban on factionalism, the Workers ' Opposition continued its open agitation against the policies of the Central Committee, and before the 11th Party Congress ( March 1922 ) the Workers ' Opposition made an ill-conceived bid to win support for their position in the Comintern.

During the 11th Party Congress Alexander Shliapnikov, the leader of the Workers ' Opposition, claimed that certain individuals from the Central Committee had threatened him.

At the 15th Party Congress ( 2 – 19 December 1927 ) the Left Opposition was crushed ; none of its members were elected to the Central Committee.

Opposition forces in Congress are loosely organized, but historically they often unite to block the administration's initiatives and to remove cabinet ministers.

The Congress declared Opposition views incompatible with membership in the Communist Party and expelled Kamenev and dozens of leading oppositionists from the Party, which paved the way for mass expulsions of rank and file oppositionists as well as internal exile of opposition leaders in early 1928.

Opposition to the Lend-Lease bill was strongest among isolationist Republicans in Congress, who feared that the measure would be " the longest single step this nation has yet taken toward direct involvement in the war abroad.

Opposition from conservatives in Congress and the business community against the OPA undercut Galbraith and he was forced out in May 1943, accused of " communistic tendencies ".

In November, prior to the Fifteenth Party Congress Trotsky and Zinoviev were expelled from the Communist Party itself as Stalin sought to deny the Opposition any opportunity to make their struggle public.

Both Vajpayee and the Leader of the Opposition, Congress president Sonia Gandhi, then staked claims to form the government.

The Opposition parties ( including the Congress, the Left Front, Janata Dal ( Secular ), and various regional parties ) supported a second term for him, and Sonia Gandhi met him to request his candidature ; Vajpayee then met Narayanan, informed him that there was no consensus within the NDA on the question, and advised against his candidature.

The NDA then proposed to elevate the Vice President Krishan Kant as a consensus ; this drew support from the Opposition and an agreement to this effect was conveyed by Vajpayee's representative to the Congress.

The legislative elections on August 28, 1910 had elected 14 new representatives ( resulting in an assembly that was divided: 9 % Republican, 58 % Government and 33 % Opposition ) which helped the revolutionary cause, but which made little importance since the Setubal Congress ( on 24 – 25 April 1909 ) had determined that the Republicans would take power by force.

But as the Congress had regained power in the state elections, Naidu had to sit in the Opposition.

The Tenth Congress of the Russian Communist Party, in 1921, condemned the Workers ' Opposition for factionalism, but adopted some of its proposals, including conducting a purge of the Party and organizing better supply of workers, to improve workers ' living conditions.

Despite emerging as the single largest party, the Congress opted to sit in Opposition, and a coalition headed by V P Singh as Prime Minister formed the government.

Several members of the International Trotskyist Opposition left the organisation after the 1995 World Congress, with a few joining the Workers ' International League.

He joined the Congress ( O ) during the Congress split and served as the Leader of Opposition in the Assembly from March 1972 to March 1976 and again fron November 1976 to December 1977.

Opposition and officialist members of the Paraguayan Congress immediately announced they were going to boycott Duarte's resignation by not attending the extraordinary session of the Congress, a session called in order to debate and determine whether the President's resignation is accepted or not.

The 2001 elections ended in a tie, with both the Opposition PNM and the governing United National Congress winning 18 seats.

* Chen Duxiu ( 1879 – 1942 ): founder of the Chinese Communist Party, from which he was expelled in 1927, and went on to found the Chinese Left Opposition

* Edmund S. K. Fung, In Search of Chinese Democracy: Civil Opposition in Nationalist China, 1929-1949 ( Cambridge ; New York: Cambridge University Press, 2000.

* Opposition to immigration

Opposition to the absorption of million of immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe was especially strong among eugenicists such as scientists Madison Grant and Lothrop Stoddard, who believed in the " racial " superiority of Americans of Northern European descent as member of the " Nordic race ", and therefore demanded immigration restrictions to stop a " degeneration " of America's white racial " stock ".

More serious claims were also raised when Opposition Conservative MPs claimed she had given a special immigration permit to a campaign supporter — specifically Alina Balaican, a Romanian who had initially been admitted to the country to work as a stripper.

Opposition immigration spokesman Chris Ellison said the closure could suggest to people-smugglers that Australia was weakening on border protection.

He criticised then Federal Opposition Leader John Howard's controversial comments on immigration policy during the late 1980s, and was widely respected within the ethnic community.

Lefebvre was the Official Opposition critic for immigration and cultural communities during her tenure in office.

The study, done by Georgetown University and published in the American Political Science Review, “ Politicized Places: Explaining Where and When Immigrants Provoke Local Opposition ,” examined more than twelve different surveys relating to immigration and local anti-immigration ordinances, spanning the years 1992 to 2009.

* Opposition to immigration

Opposition to the government grew within the middle class and leftists including Paris-educated leaders like Son Sen, Ieng Sary, and Saloth Sar ( later known as Pol Pot ), who led an insurgency under the clandestine Communist Party of Kampuchea ( CPK ).

Opposition to the claim led to a war and personal union of Croatia and Hungary in 1102, ruled by Coloman.

The discontent with Trotsky's policies of strict discipline, conscription and reliance on carefully supervised non-Communist military experts eventually led to the Military Opposition ( Russian: Военная оппозиция

Until exiled from Russia in 1929, Leon Trotsky helped develop and led the Left Opposition ( and the later Joint Opposition ) with members of the Workers ’ Opposition, the Decembrists, and ( later ) the Zinovievists.

Opposition leader and then-mayor of Antananarivo, Andry Rajoelina, led a movement in early 2009 in which Ravalomanana was pushed from power in an unconstitutional process widely condemned as a coup d ' état.

Opposition to Stalin by Trotsky led to a dissident Bolshevik ideology called Trotskyism that was repressed under Stalin's rule.

He led the Official Opposition until 1993 and was spokesman on Foreign Affairs and Trade until 1999.

Some remained in politics: Mackenzie Bowell continued to serve as a senator ; R. B. Bennett moved to the United Kingdom after being elevated to the House of Lords ; and a number led Her Majesty's Loyal Opposition in the Canadian parliament: John A. Macdonald, Arthur Meighen, William Lyon Mackenzie King, and Pierre Trudeau, all before being re-appointed as premier ( Mackenzie King twice ); Alexander Mackenzie and John Diefenbaker, both prior to sitting as regular Members of Parliament until their deaths ; Wilfrid Laurier dying while still in the post ; and Charles Tupper, Louis St. Laurent, and John Turner, each before they returned to private business.

A campaign of civil resistance followed, led by the Democratic Opposition of Serbia, a broad coalition of anti-Milošević parties.

Defeat of the European working class led to further isolation in Russia, and further suppression of the Opposition.

This group prioritised regroupment with other communist oppositions, principally the International Communist Opposition ( ICO ), linked to the Right Opposition in the Soviet Party, a regroupment which eventually led to the formation of the International Bureau for Revolutionary Socialist Unity.

Opposition to the claim led to a war and personal union of Croatia and Hungary in 1102, ruled by Coloman.

Opposition to the wearing of bikinis led to their replacement with more modest swimwear after the first contest.

Hughes led the UAP into the 1943 election largely by refusing to hold any party meetings and by agreeing to let Fadden lead the Opposition as a whole.

After Wilson lost a leadership challenge in the wake of a personal scandal in a bitter three-way race, the party was led by Gordon Campbell, who became Leader of the Opposition after Wilson's convention defeat.

In the 2011 election Layton led the NDP to the most successful result in the party's history, winning 103 seats — enough to form Canada's Official Opposition.

Opposition to the sport has led to the development of local, regional, and international mountain bike groups.

In Parliament he acted with the small Opposition Irish Patriot Party group led by Henry Grattan, but took no prominent part in debate.

Opposition to Brooks ' vote to expand the Rules Committee even led to the burning of a cross on the congressman's lawn at his Linden Street home in Shreveport.

Opposition to Magnus ' rule in Norway led to a settlement between the king and the Norwegian nobility at Varberg on 15 August 1343.

Opposition to war has led peace activists, such as Ammon Hennacy and Ellen Thomas, to a form of tax resistance in which they reduce their income below the tax threshold by taking up a simple living lifestyle.