Originally applied to any group of infantry primarily armed with projectile weapons, artillery has over time become limited in meaning to refer only to those engines of war that operate by projection of munitions far beyond the effective range of personal weapons.

Originally deriving from the manufacture of ceramics and its putative derivative metallurgy, materials science is one of the oldest forms of engineering and applied science.

Originally, they were not otherwise distinguished, as regnal numbering was not applied to popes until the 10th century.

Originally used to refer to the presiding officer of a committee or governing body in Great Britain the usage was also applied to political leaders, including the leaders of some of the Thirteen Colonies ( originally Virginia in 1608 ); in full, the " President of the Council.

Originally, the First Amendment applied only to laws enacted by the Congress.

Originally, the First Amendment applied only to the federal government.

Originally, the Supreme Court held that the Sixth Amendment right to a jury trial indicated a right to “ a trial by jury as understood and applied at common law, and includes all the essential elements as they were recognized in this country and England when the Constitution was adopted .” Therefore, it was held that juries had to be composed of twelve persons and that verdicts had to be unanimous, as was customary in England.

Originally, dye was applied by importers to hide stains on the shells caused when the nuts were picked by hand.

Originally, a " local and popular term " first applied to the Ismailis of Syria, the label was orally transmitted to Western historians and thus found itself in their histories of the Nizaris.

Originally, the name belonged only to the area around the Bay of Balar, but in time, the name was applied to the entire land.

Originally the collaboration agreement applied only on service between Turku and Stockholm, but was also applied to the Helsinki – Stockholm in 1928.

Originally, the law applied to Jews only, until a 1970 amendment stated that the rights " are also vested in a child and a grandchild of a Jew, the spouse of a Jew, the spouse of a child of a Jew and the spouse of a grandchild of a Jew ".

Originally the name was two words, Oro Fino, applied to a gold mining camp established in 1861 two miles ( 3 km ) south of Pierce, that is now a ghost town.

Originally the number seven was applied to a Riley-powered Formula 2 car, but the vehicle was never completed in its original form, finally emerging instead as the Clairmonte Special, a two-seat sports car powered by a Lea-Francis engine.

Originally developed as a legend to the Soil Map of the World, the classification was applied by United Nations sponsored projects.

Originally, a “ local and popular term ” first applied to the Ismailis of Syria, the label was orally transmitted to Western historians and thus found itself in their histories of the Nizaris.

Originally applied only to our own Solar System, this method of planetary system formation is now thought to be at work throughout the universe.

Originally 20 countries had applied to take part but Germany and Israel later pulled out.

Originally, Catai was the name applied by Central and Western Asians and Europeans to northern China ; it obtained wide currency in Europe after the publication of Marco Polo's book ( he referred to southern China as Manji ).

Originally this name applied only to the plain upon which the settlement is located, but it was later extended to mean the city as well.

Originally, the term Rusyn was an ethnonym applied to the eastern Slavic-speaking ethnic group who inhabited the cultural and ethnic region of Rus ' ( Русь ); often written through its Latin variant Ruthenia.

Originally, statutes passed by the Plebeian Council (" Plebiscites ") only applied to Plebeians.

Originally intended for the finance of long trading journeys, these methods were applied to finance the production and trading of grain.

Originally simply meaning commander or leader, usually in reference to a group of people, it came to be used as a title for governors or rulers, usually in smaller states, and in modern Arabic is analogous to the English word " prince ".

Originally designed for upper-class rulers, to be enjoyed informally, chongak is often entirely instrumental, usually an ensemble playing one of nine suites that are collectively called Yongsan Hwesang.

Originally a Mamluk soldier, he rose to prominence in 1768 when he rebelled against his Ottoman rulers making Egypt independent.

Originally as a Manchu state, Qing rulers considered their state as " Zhongguo " as they have borrowed Han Chinese imperial ideology.

Originally the local Tswana rulers were left in power, and the British administration was limited to a police force to protect Bechuanaland's borders against other European colonial ventures.

Originally, the kirpan was kept sharp and was actually used to defend others, such as those who were being oppressed by harsh rulers, women who were raped in the streets, or a person who was being robbed or beaten.

Originally the cathedral was a burial place of the Kievan rulers including Vladimir Monomakh, Vsevolod Yaroslavich and of course the cathedral's founder Yaroslav I the Wise, although only the latter's grave survived to our days ( see picture ).

Originally Chu's rulers were of the noble rank of Zi ( 子 ), comparable to viscount, but starting from King Wu of Chu in the early 8th century BC the rulers of Chu declared themselves kings.

Originally, the Theban Seventeenth dynasty rulers were at peace with the Hyksos kingdom to their north prior to the reign of Seqenenre Tao II.

Originally belonging to the Syriac-based Church of the East, a church with a strong medieval missionary history throughout Asia, the Assyrians had seen centuries of persecution under various Muslim rulers in Turkish and Persian lands since the conversion of the Mongol descendants to Islam in the late 13th century.

Originally the Keira clan were perhaps regional rulers in the Tunjur state, with Sulayman traditionally seen as the founder of the Darfur state.

Originally a Roman port, Mers-el-Kébir became an Almohad naval arsenal in the 12th century, fell under the rulers of Tlemcen in the 15th century, and eventually became a center of pirate activity around 1492.

Originally, there was a distinction between Ṭayyibiyyah and the Ḥāfiziyyah, who recognized the Fatimid rulers of Egypt between 1130 – 1169 as legitimate Imāms, not Ṭayyib Abī l-Qāṣim.

Originally BPP status was conferred on the subjects of the local rulers with the local rules determining who qualified as subjects.

Originally a Slavic pagan, Vladimir converted to Christianity in 988, and Christianized the Kievan Rus '.

Originally Novgorod was the capital of the Rus until 882 when Oleg transferred the capital to Kiev.

Originally considered a secondary branch route to Grand Junction, the entire route from Leadville to Grand Junction was upgraded to standard gauge in 1890, and the original narrow gauge route via Marshall Pass became a secondary route.

Originally interred in the church of Our Lady of the Victories, his remains now rest in St. John's Co-Cathedral among the tombs of other Grand Masters of the Knights of Malta.

Originally called Milltown, Lakeland received its current name in 1925 in honor of its proximity to several lakes including Grand Bay Lake, Lake Erma, and Banks Lake.

Originally part of Paris Township, residents voted to establish the Village of East Grand Rapids in 1891.

Originally a logging community, it was a dairy community for most of its history, but could now be best described as a bedroom community, since most of its working population finds employment in nearby Duluth, Grand Rapids, Hibbing and Cloquet.

Originally, Grand Funk attempted to attract Peter Frampton, late of Humble Pie ; however, Frampton was not available due to signing a solo-record deal with A & M Records.

Originally based in Belmont, Massachusetts, it is now headquartered in Grand Chute, Wisconsin, with local chapters in all 50 states.

Originally intended to be replaced by the Sable, stability in gas prices and demand for full-size car sales led to the continuation of the Grand Marquis and Colony Park.

Originally named Lyon Satolas Airport, in 2000 the airport and train station were renamed in honour of Lyonnais aviation pioneer and writer Antoine de Saint-Exupéry, a laureate of the Grand Prix du roman de l ' Académie française who died in the Second World War.

Originally, geologists believed the Grand Coulee was formed by a glacier diverting the Columbia River but it was revealed in the mid-late 20th century that massive floods from Lake Missoula carved most of the gorge.

Originally a minor settlement of Novgorodian traders, it passed to the Grand Prince of Vladimir in 1209.

Originally Jeff Koons ' Tulips ( 1995 – 2004 ) sculpture was inside the Grand Entrance building and Charles Ray's Fire Truck ( 1993 ) was outside in the courtyard, both lent by the Broad Art Foundation ,.

Originally, the highways were the Gowanus Parkway from the Brooklyn – Battery Tunnel to the Shore Parkway ; the entirety of the Shore, Southern, Laurelton, and Cross Island Parkways ; the Whitestone Parkway from the Cross Island to the Grand Central Parkway ; and the Grand Central from the Whitestone to the Triborough Bridge.

Originally outside of town in the southeast of Grand Rapids, the Knollcrest farm increased Calvin's campus from approximately one large city block to < span style =" white-space: nowrap "> 390 acres ( 1. 6 km² )</ span > with a < span style =" white-space: nowrap "> 100 acres ( 0. 4 km² )</ span > nature preserve.

Originally named the Muskegon, Grand Traverse and Northport State Road, and later the Newaygo and Northport State Road, today's modern highway can be traced back to the 19th century and earlier.

Originally in Grand Prix racing, grid positions, including pole, were determined by lottery among the drivers.

Originally, the Cree had agreed on payment for this over 50 years summing $ 70 million at the hand of Grand Chieft Ted Moses.

Originally called the Grand Avenue Ball Grounds, in 1876 it was renamed Sportsman's Park.

Originally the Summer Palace of the Goryeo Emperor, it later became one of the Five Grand Palaces of the Joseon Dynasty.

Originally known as Iowa Circle, the park was renamed by Congress in 1930 in honor of John A. Logan, Commander of the Army of the Tennessee during the Civil War, Commander of the Grand Army of the Republic, and Representative and Senator for the state of Illinois, who lived at 4 Logan Circle from 1885 until his death the following year.

Originally, the Grand Sefton was one of the most important events of the autumn, but after the Second World War its popularity waned as Aintree's fortunes foundered.