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Page "Torah" ¶ 52
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Orthodox and Jews
One boy said querulously about Orthodox Jews: `` It's the twentieth century, and they don't have to wear beards ''.
By no means do all Jews today believe in reincarnation, but belief in reincarnation is not uncommon among many Jews, including Orthodox.
Three additional narratives are preserved in the Septuagint and the Theodotion versions, and are considered apocryphal by Protestant Christians and Jews, and deuterocanonical by Catholic and Orthodox Christians.
For instance, if two men and a woman were to eat a meal together, a Conservative Jew would believe that the presence of three adult Jews would obligate the group to say a communal form of the Grace After Meals, while an Orthodox Jew would believe that, lacking three adult Jewish males, the group would not be able to do such.
* Orthodox Jews who question the movement's commitment to Halakha.
Orthodox Jewish leaders vary considerably in their dealings with the Conservative movement and with individual Conservative Jews.
Some Modern Orthodox leaders cooperate and work with the Conservative movement, while haredi (" Ultra-Orthodox ") Jews often eschew formal contact with Conservative Judaism, or at least its rabbinate.
From the Orthodox perspective, Conservative Jews are considered just as Jewish as Orthodox Jews, but they are viewed as misguided, consistent violators of halakha.
The three largest Jewish denominations — Orthodox Judaism, Conservative Judaism and Reform Judaism — maintain the belief that the Jews have been chosen by God for a purpose.
According to Orthodox Jews too there are variations in Jewish custom from one part of the world to another.
The latter, which was based on earlier codes and supplemented by the commentary by Moshe Isserles that notes other practices and customs practiced by Jews in different communities, especially among Ashkenazim, is generally held to be authoritative by Orthodox Jews.
Orthodox Jews, unlike most Christians, still practice a restrictive diet that has many rules.
Regarding the salvation of Jews, Muslims, and other non-Christians, the Orthodox have traditionally taught that there is no salvation outside the church.
Category: American Orthodox Jews
Moreover, in Yugoslavia there existed the Jasenovac concentration camp ( August 1941 – April 1945 ), which was the only central extermination camp outside of Poland, and the only one not operated by Nazis, but by the fascist Ustaše forces of the Independent State of Croatia, the majority of whose victims were Orthodox Christian Serbs, Roma, and Jews.
Orthodox Jews maintain Halakha is derived from the divine law of the Torah ( Bible ), rabbinical laws, rabbinical decrees and customs combined.
Orthodox Jews believe that Halakha is a religious system, whose core represents the revealed will of God.
It is not accepted among Orthodox Jews.
Orthodox and many other Jews do not believe that the revealed Torah consists solely of its written contents, but of its interpretations as well.
Orthodox Jews generally consider commentaries on the Shulchan Aruch ( a condensed codification of halakha that largely favored Sephardic traditions ) to be the definitive codification of Jewish law.

Orthodox and Conservative
Present-day Christian religious bodies known for conducting their worship services without musical accompaniment include some Presbyterian churches devoted to the regulative principle of worship, Old Regular Baptists, Primitive Baptists, Plymouth Brethren, Churches of Christ, the Old German Baptist Brethren, the Eastern Orthodox Christian Church and the Amish, Old Order Mennonites and Conservative Mennonites.
Working with this 1990s trend of diversity and institutional growth, Conservative Judaism remained the largest denomination in America, with 43 percent of Jewish households affiliated with a synagogue belonging to Conservative synagogues ( compared to 35 percent for Reform and 16 percent for Orthodox ).
The movement is supported by the Masorti Foundation for Conservative Judaism in Israel, an American organization that provides funding to Masorti programs, which are disadvantaged by the Israeli government's practice of funding only Orthodox institutions.
Concerning the degree of revelation of Torah, Conservative Judaism rejects the Orthodox position of a direct verbal revelation of the Torah.
They believe that the Orthodox Jewish movements, on the theological right, have erred by slowing down, or stopping, the historical development of Jewish law: " Conservative Judaism believes that scholarly study of Jewish texts indicates that Judaism has constantly been evolving to meet the needs of the Jewish people in varying circumstances, and that a central halakhic authority can continue the halakhic evolution today.
Conservative Judaism accepts that the Orthodox approach to halakhah is generally valid.
Accordingly, a Conservative Jew could usually satisfy their halakhic obligations by participation in Orthodox rituals.
Thus, though often de facto the case, Conservative Judaism's halakhic system does not inherently see Orthodox halakhic practice as acceptable and legitimate halakhic practice for a Conservative Jew.
In matters of marriage and divorce, the State of Israel relies on its Chief Rabbinate to determine who is Jewish ; the Chief Rabbinate, following Orthodox practice, does not recognize the validity of conversions performed by Conservative rabbis and will require a Jew who was converted by a Conservative rabbi to undergo a second, Orthodox conversion to be regarded as a Jew for marriage and other purposes.
Denominations that oppose homosexuality include the Roman Catholic Church the Eastern Orthodox churches and some mainline Protestant denominations, such as the Methodist churches, Reformed Church in America the American Baptist Church, as well as Conservative Evangelical organizations and churches, such as the Evangelical Alliance, the Presbyterian Church in America and the Southern Baptist Convention.
This is considered wrong, and even heretical, by Orthodox and Conservative Judaism.
A key practical difference between Conservative and Orthodox approaches is that Conservative Judaism holds that its Rabbinical body's powers are not limited to reconsidering later precedents based on earlier sources, but the Committee on Jewish Law and Standards ( CJLS ) is empowered to override Biblical and Taanitic prohibitions by takkanah ( decree ) when perceived to be inconsistent with modern requirements and / or views of ethics.

Orthodox and accept
The Orthodox Churches would not accept the validity of any ordinations performed by the Independent Catholic groups, as Orthodoxy considers to be spurious any consecration outside of the Church as a whole.
Most Christians ( Roman Catholics, Eastern Orthodox, Eastern Rite and Protestants alike ) accept the use of creeds, and subscribe to at least one of the creeds mentioned above.
Oriental Orthodox Churches accept the first three.
However, the Orthodox churches accept only the first seven general councils as genuinely ecumenical, while Roman Catholics accept twenty-one.
Although some Protestants reject the concept of an ecumenical council establishing doctrine for the entire Christian faith, Roman Catholics, Anglicans, Eastern Orthodox and Oriental Orthodox all accept the authority of ecumenical councils in principle.
To be considered Ecumenical Orthodox accept a Council that meets the condition that it was accepted by the whole church.
Nonetheless, the Orthodox accept Cyril's group as being the legitimate council because it maintained the same teaching that the church has always taught.
Many Protestants ( especially those belonging to the magisterial traditions, such as Lutherans, or those such as Methodists, that broke away from the Anglican Communion ) accept the teachings of the first seven councils but do not ascribe to the councils themselves the same authority as Roman Catholics and the Eastern Orthodox do.
Orthodox Christians use the term " Anagignoskomena " ( a Greek word that means " readable ", " worthy of reading ") for the ten books that they accept but that are not in the Protestant 39-book Old Testament canon.
Catholics also, however, accept in principle the Eastern Orthodox veneration of images, believing that whenever approached, sacred images are to be reverenced.
In contrast, they called themselves " true Spiritual Christians ", rather than " milk-drinkers ", because they could not accept the Russian Orthodox Church, nor the Protestant sects or the Catholic Church.
The Eastern Orthodox churches do not accept this two-source theory ; rather, they hold that there is a single source of revelation, Holy Tradition, of which Scripture is the most important part.
Some of these scriptures vary markedly between differing Christian denominations ; Protestants accept only the Hebrew Bible's canon but divide it into 39 books, while Catholics, the Eastern Orthodox, Coptic and Ethiopian churches recognise a considerably larger collection.
The Gregorian Calendar was instituted in Russia by the Bolsheviks in 1917, Romania accepted it in 1919 under king Ferdinand of Romania ( 1 November 1919 became 14 November 1919 ), Turkey in 1923 under Ataturk, and the last Orthodox country to accept the calendar was Greece also in 1923.
A small fraction of Jews, in the Progressive Jewish community, accept these laws much the same way as Orthodox Jews.
A number of Orthodox Jewish vegetarian groups and activists promote such ideas and believe that the halakhic permission to eat meat is a temporary leniency for those who are not ready yet to accept the vegetarian diet.
Some Orthodox Jews accept the earlier rabbinic position that the Zohar was a work written in the middle medieval period by Moses de Leon, but argue that since it is obviously based on earlier materials, it can still be held to be authentic, but not as authoritative or without error as others within Orthodoxy might hold.
Most Orthodox Christians accept the First seven Ecumenical Councils.
* Conservative rabbis accept the legitimacy of Orthodox rabbis, though they are often critical of Orthodox positions.
The Jews who did not accept any fundamental changes in rabbinic Judaism became known as Orthodox.
Nevertheless, the leadership is unwilling to accept the liberalism of their Modern Orthodox colleagues.

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