* Heresy in Orthodox Judaism

The Books of the Bible are listed differently in the canons of Judaism and the Catholic, Protestant, Greek Orthodox, Slavonic Orthodox, Coptic, Georgian Orthodox, Armenian Apostolic, Syriac, Ethiopian and Eritrean Orthodox churches, although there is substantial overlap.

Rather, it is sometimes employed by unaffiliated groups to indicate a range of beliefs and practices more liberal than is affirmed by the Orthodox, and more traditional than the more liberal Jewish denominations ( Reform and Reconstructionist Judaism ).

Working with this 1990s trend of diversity and institutional growth, Conservative Judaism remained the largest denomination in America, with 43 percent of Jewish households affiliated with a synagogue belonging to Conservative synagogues ( compared to 35 percent for Reform and 16 percent for Orthodox ).

The movement is supported by the Masorti Foundation for Conservative Judaism in Israel, an American organization that provides funding to Masorti programs, which are disadvantaged by the Israeli government's practice of funding only Orthodox institutions.

Concerning the degree of revelation of Torah, Conservative Judaism rejects the Orthodox position of a direct verbal revelation of the Torah.

They believe that the Orthodox Jewish movements, on the theological right, have erred by slowing down, or stopping, the historical development of Jewish law: " Conservative Judaism believes that scholarly study of Jewish texts indicates that Judaism has constantly been evolving to meet the needs of the Jewish people in varying circumstances, and that a central halakhic authority can continue the halakhic evolution today.

See also under Modern Orthodox Judaism.

Conservative Judaism accepts that the Orthodox approach to halakhah is generally valid.

Some Modern Orthodox leaders cooperate and work with the Conservative movement, while haredi (" Ultra-Orthodox ") Jews often eschew formal contact with Conservative Judaism, or at least its rabbinate.

* Orthodox Judaism

The three largest Jewish denominations — Orthodox Judaism, Conservative Judaism and Reform Judaism — maintain the belief that the Jews have been chosen by God for a purpose.

Orthodox Judaism deliberately makes it very difficult to convert and become a Jew, and requires a significant and full-time effort in living, study, righteousness, and conduct over several years.

* Admiel Kosman, Between Orthodox Judaism and nihilism: Reflections on the recently published writings of the late Rabbi Shimon Gershon Rosenberg, Haaretz, Aug. 17, 2012.

Within Modern Orthodox Judaism, there is no one committee or leader, but Modern Orthodox rabbis generally agree with the views set by consensus by the leaders of the Rabbinical Council of America.

Orthodox Judaism holds that Halakha is the divine law as laid out in the Torah ( First five books of Moses ), rabbinical laws, rabbinical decrees and customs combined.

See Orthodox Judaism, Beliefs about Jewish law and tradition.

This is considered wrong, and even heretical, by Orthodox and Conservative Judaism.

The Roman Catholic Church holds this doctrine, as do most or all Eastern Orthodox theologians.

The Roman Catholic Church holds that recognition by the Pope is an essential element in qualifying a council as ecumenical ; Eastern Orthodox view approval by the Pope of Rome as being roughly equivalent to that of other patriarchs.

According to Orthodox teaching the position of “ First Among Equals ” gives no additional power or authority to the bishop that holds it, but rather that this person sits as organizational head of a council of equals ( like a president ).

A key practical difference between Conservative and Orthodox approaches is that Conservative Judaism holds that its Rabbinical body's powers are not limited to reconsidering later precedents based on earlier sources, but the Committee on Jewish Law and Standards ( CJLS ) is empowered to override Biblical and Taanitic prohibitions by takkanah ( decree ) when perceived to be inconsistent with modern requirements and / or views of ethics.

Orthodox Judaism holds that takkanot ( Rabbinical decrees ) can only supplement and can never nullify Biblical law, and significant decisions must be accompanied by scholarly responsa citing sources and halakhic precedent.

* Orthodox Judaism holds that both the Written and Oral Torah were divinely revealed to Moses, and that the laws within it are binding and unchanging.

It holds that the Torah is a divine document written by prophets inspired by God and reflecting his will, but rejects the Orthodox position that it was dictated by God to Moses.

Orthodox Judaism holds that the words of the Torah, including both the Written Law ( Pentateuch ) and those parts of the Oral Law which are halacha leMoshe m ' Sinai, were dictated by God to Moses essentially as they exist today.

Orthodox Judaism holds that on Mount Sinai the Written Law was transmitted along with an Oral Law.

Orthodox Judaism thus holds that the halakha represents the " will of God ", either directly, or as closely to directly as possible.

Furthermore, Orthodox Judaism holds that, given Jewish law's Divine origin, no underlying principle may be compromised in accounting for changing political, social or economic conditions ; in this sense, " creativity " and development in Jewish law is held to have been limited.

For instance, Orthodox Judaism holds that the Torah was received from God on biblical Mount Sinai, and Muslims consider the Qur ' an to have been revealed word by word and letter by letter.

Eastern Orthodox theology holds that one inherits the nature of sinfulness but not Adam and Eve's guilt for their sin which resulted in the fall.

Most of Orthodox Judaism holds that the teachings of Kabbalah were transmitted from teacher to teacher, in a long and continuous chain, from the Biblical era until its redaction by Shimon ben Yochai.

* The Russian Orthodox Church holds a sobor ( church council ) which deposes Patriarch Nikon, but accepts his liturgical reforms.

The Orthodox Church holds that it was illicit to add the phrase, and also objects to its content, although both Catholics and Orthodox have agreed that the formula " and through the Son ", articulated at the Council of Florence, is theologically unproblematic.

Orthodox distinctives ( shared with some of the Eastern Catholic Churches ) include the Divine Liturgy, Mysteries or Sacraments, and an emphasis on the preservation of Tradition, which it holds to be Apostolic in nature.

In both Orthodox Judaism and non-Orthodox Judaism, the majority view holds that organ donation is permitted in the case of irreversible cardiac rhythm cessation.

The letters of the cryptogram themselves comprise a religiously significant " divine name " which Orthodox belief holds keeps the forces of evil in check.

Orthodox Judaism holds that this program does not produce valid rabbis.

It teaches that Jewish law is both still valid and indispensable, but also holds to a more open and flexible view of how law has and should develop than the Orthodox view.

The crypt of the Alexander Nevsky cathedral holds a collection of Eastern Orthodox icons from the 9th to the 19th century.

The Greek Orthodox were given control of the basilica and shared control of the Milk Grotto with the Latins and the Armenians.

Shortly before his death, a priest of the Russian Orthodox Church had given Pasternak the last rites.

On the left of the altar, towards the Eastern Orthodox chapel, there is a statue of Mary, believed to be working wonders ( the 13th Station of the Cross, where Jesus ' body was removed from the cross and given to his family ).

Although Orthodox Judaism acknowledges that rabbis made many decisions and decrees regarding Jewish Law where the written Torah itself is non-specific, they did so only in accordance with regulations given to them by Moses on Mount Sinai ( see Deuteronomy 5: 8-13 ).

Orthodox Judaism's central belief is that Torah, including the Oral Law, was given directly from God to Moses and applies in all times and places.

In Orthodox and Catholic teachings, all Christians in heaven are considered to be saints, but some are considered to be worthy of higher honor, emulation, or veneration, with official church recognition given to some saints through canonization or glorification.

Occasionally when a body is exhumed something miraculous is reported as having occurred ; exhumed bones are claimed to have given off a fragrance, like flowers, or a body is reported as having remained free of decay, despite not having been embalmed ( traditionally the Orthodox do not embalm the dead ) and having been buried for some years in the earth.

Orthodox, Sephardim, a majority of Israeli Jews and other Jews, including many whom are not religious, believe that the Torah was given to Moses at Sinai.

According to dating of the text by Orthodox rabbis, this occurred in 1312 BCE ; another date given for this event is 1280 BCE.

During their Tonsure ( religious profession ), Eastern Orthodox Monks and Nuns are given a prayer rope, with the words: Accept, O brother ( sister ) ( name ), the sword of the Spirit which is the word of God ( Ephesians 6: 17 ) in the everlasting Jesus prayer by which you should have the name of the Lord in your soul, your thoughts, and your heart, saying always: " Lord Jesus Christ, Son of God, have mercy on me a sinner.

In order to weaken the Orthodox Christian Amhara people who had run Ethiopia in the past, territory claimed by Eritrean Tigray-Tigrinyas and Somalis was given to the Eritrea Governorate and Somalia Governorate., Reconstruction efforts after the war in 1936, were partially focused on benefiting the Muslim peoples in the colony at the expense of the Amhara to strengthen support by Muslims for the Italian colony.

Rasta doctrines concerning the Trinity include stressing the significance of the name " Haile Selassie ", meaning " Power of the Trinity " or " Might of the Trinity " or powerful trinity in Ge ' ez — the name given to Ras Tafari upon his baptism, and later assumed as part of his regal name at his November 2, 1930, coronation by the Ethiopian Orthodox Church.

On her conversion to the Russian Orthodox Church, Sophie was given the name of Catherine in memory of Elizabeth's mother.

" However, some Orthodox leaders, such as the Rabbinical Council of America, opposed this move and said it was not in keeping with Orthodoxy ; in any case, Hurwitz was not given the title " rabbi.

" ( Helmreich, 1997 ) Writing in an article in the Jewish Observer, Moshe Y ' chiail Friedman states that Orthodox Judaism prohibits women from being given semicha and serving as rabbis.

Most Modern Orthodox Jews will agree that, while certain laws within the Oral Law were given to Moses, most of the Talmudic laws were derived organically by the Rabbis of the Mishnaic and Talmudic eras.

Eastern Orthodox monastics are usually given the name of a prophet or a monastic saint.

While undergoing epitemia, the person remains a Eastern Orthodox Christian, even though his or her participation in the mystical life of the church is limited ; but those given over to anathema are considered to be completely torn away from the Church until repentance.

Chrismation is the name given in Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox and Eastern Catholic churches, as well as in the Assyrian Church of the East, Anglican, and in Lutheran initiation rites, to the Sacrament or Sacred Mystery more commonly known in the West as confirmation, although Italian normally uses cresima ( chrismation ), rather than confermazione ( confirmation ).

Many princesses from Western Europe, who converted to Orthodox Christianity and change their given names accordingly, were given the patronymic Fyodorovna not because their fathers were named Theodore but as an allegory based on the name of Theotokos of St. Theodore, the patron icon of the Romanov family.

Saint Stefan's Romanian Orthodox Church is a haven of prayer, a gift given us through the bounty of our Lord God, and through the efforts of the first Romanian emigrants to Minnesota.