* Orthodox Union website: Rabbi Yosef Edelstein: Parshat Beha ' alotcha: A Few Reflections on Capital Punishment

However, in 1962 the London Beth Din and the Chief Rabbi Israel Brodie, who formed the leadership of the United Synagogue, the UK's Orthodox establishment, refused to allow his appointment on grounds of heresy because in his 1957 book We Have Reason to Believe, Jacobs had rejected the conception of a literal, verbal revelation of the Torah.

* Admiel Kosman, Between Orthodox Judaism and nihilism: Reflections on the recently published writings of the late Rabbi Shimon Gershon Rosenberg, Haaretz, Aug. 17, 2012.

He cited a responsum by prominent Haredi Orthodox Rabbi Ovadiah Yosef as an example of how the traditional approach works.

The Orthodox Jewish community was led by Rabbi Chaim Pinchos Lubinsky.

The Orthodox Jewish community made every attempt to persuade Rabbi Zweigenhaft to remain, even offering to fund his weekly journey from Switzerland.

Rabbi Zweigenhaft declined the proposal and as a result the leaderless Orthodox Jewish community quickly began to disperse and shortly thereafter ceased to exist entirely.

But Rabbi Benjamin Hecht writes that one Orthodox rabbi views homosexuality as a deliberate rebellion against God.

Rabbi Norman Lamm ( the Chancellor, Rosh Yeshiva of the yeshiva ", and former president of Yeshiva University, a major Modern Orthodox Jewish institution ) advocated that some ( although not all ) homosexuals should be viewed as diseased and in need of compassion and treatment, rather than willful rebels who should be ostracized.

Tendler said that Rabbi Greenberg's announcement is " the exact same as if he said, ' I'm an Orthodox Rabbi and I eat ham sandwiches on Yom Kippur.

These four are all roshei yeshiva ( i. e., rabbinic leaders ) at the Rabbi Isaac Elchanan Theological Seminary at Yeshiva University, the largest and most influential Modern Orthodox rabbinic program in America.

Rabbi Weiss is also notable for his ordination of Sara Hurwitz, which was strongly condemned by the Haredi Agudath Yisrael ( which called it non-Orthodox ), and also firmly rejected by the Modern Orthodox Rabbinical Council of America.

* Homosexuality in Orthodox Judaism Rabbi Dr Nachum Amsel ( PDF )

While Jacobs found that statement to be compatible with Orthodox Judaism, the Chief Rabbi condemned his views as denial of the divine origin of the Torah.

In 1912, he helped to create the Young Israel movement of Modern Orthodox Judaism with Rabbi Israel Friedlander.

He was the subject of a number of polemical articles published by Rabbi Leo Jung ( who became the rabbi of the Jewish Center in 1922 ) in the Orthodox Jewish press.

" In 1945 the Union of Orthodox Rabbis " formally assembled to excommunicate from Judaism what it deemed to be the community's most heretical voice: Rabbi Mordecai Kaplan, the man who eventually would become the founder of Reconstructionist Judaism.

Rabbi Moshe Feinstein, a leading Rabbinical authority for Orthodox Jewry for a quarter of the twentieth century.

In later years it was Rav Ettlinger's students Rabbi Samson Raphael Hirsch and Rabbi Azriel Hildesheimer of Berlin who deepened the awareness and strength of Orthodox Jewry.

Rabbi Samson Raphael Hirsch commented in 1854 thatIt was not the ' Orthodox ' Jews who introduced the word ' orthodoxy ' into Jewish discussion.

According to Rabbi Shammai Engelmayer, spiritual leader of Temple Israel Community Center in Cliffside Park and former executive editor of Jewish Week, this leaves “ Orthodox ” as “ an umbrella term that designates a very widely disparate group of people very loosely tied together by some core beliefs .”

In 1915 Yeshiva College ( later Yeshiva University ) and its Rabbi Isaac Elchanan Theological Seminary was established in New York, New York for training in an Orthodox milieu.

For guidance in practical application of Jewish law, the majority of Orthodox Jews appeal to the Shulchan Aruch (" Code of Jewish Law " composed in the 16th century by Rabbi Joseph Caro ) together with its surrounding commentaries.

Rabbi Aryeh Strikovski ( Machanaim Yeshiva and Pardes Institute ) worked in the 1990s with Rabbi Avraham Shapira ( then a co-Chief rabbi of Israel ) to initiate the program for training Orthodox women as halakhic Toanot (" advocates ") in rabbinic courts.

* Rabbi Aryeh Strikovski ( Mahanayim Yeshiva and Pardes Institute ) worked in the 1990s with Rabbi Avraham Shapira ( then a co-Chief rabbi of Israel ) to initiate the program for training Orthodox women as halakhic Toanot (" advocates ") in rabbinic courts.

* Aryeh Kaplan, American Orthodox rabbi and author

Aryeh Moshe Eliyahu Kaplan (; 23 October 1934-28 January 1983 ) was a noted American Orthodox rabbi and author known for his " intimate knowledge of both physics and kabbalah ".

Traditional and current Orthodox thought have mainly held that the Messiah will be the anointed one ( messiah ), descended from his father through the Davidic line of King David via Solomon ( See Rabbi Aryeh Kaplan ), who will gather the Jews back into the Land of Israel, usher in an era of peace, build the Third Temple, have a male heir and re-institute the Sanhedrin, among other things.

Kollel Gur Aryeh is a kollel for young married Orthodox men located in Brooklyn, New York.

Kaplan began his career as an Orthodox rabbi at Congregation Kehilath Jeshurun, a synagogue in New York.

Kaplan began his career as an Orthodox rabbi at Congregation Kehilath Jeshurun in New York City, was a founder in 1912 of the Young Israel movement of Modern Orthodox Judaism, and was the first rabbi hired by the new ( Orthodox ) Jewish Center in Manhattan when it was founded in 1918.

This led to considerable criticism of Kaplan in the Orthodox Jewish press.

Kaplan, a critic of both Orthodox and Reform Judaism, believed that Jewish practice should be reconciled with modern thought, a philosophy reflected in his Sabbath Prayer Book ..." Due to Kaplan's evolving position on Jewish theology and the liturgy, he was also condemned as a heretic by members of Young Israel.

Some argue ( e. g. Kaplan 1980 ) that with the rise of modernity and the wider availability of secular knowledge ( and a reduction of commitment to religion ), various groups, including groups within the Orthodox world, raised challenges to the exclusive leadership role of the rabbis.

Eisenstein criticized dependence on “’ Reconstructionist rabbis ’ … borrowed from the ranks of Reform and Conservativism … A movement must produce its own leaders .” Kaplan himself was reluctant to establish a seminary which would mean creating a separate denomination alongside Reform, Conservative, and Orthodox Judaism.

He writes that negotiations between the Orthodox and Conservative were completed and agreed upon, but then a new requirement was demanded by the RCA: The RA must " impose severe sanctions " upon Conservative rabbis for actions they took before this new beth din was formed.

Orthodox Rabbi Yosef Edelstein writes:

In the The Principles of Jewish Law Orthodox rabbi Menachem Elon writes that:

In The Crisis of Zionism, Peter Beinart writes that while the motto of Yeshiva University is Torah Umaddah that many Modern Orthodox leaders have abandoned that intellectual openness ' in favor of an insularity that bespeaks both fear and insularity: fear that Orthodox Judaism cannot survive a dialogue with the outside world and arrogance that the outside world can add nothing of value to the world of Torah.

Shai Cherry writes, " While twentieth century Jewish theologians have tended to compartmentalize science and the Torah, our Modern Orthodox physicists synthesized them.

Peter Lamborn Wilson, who writes under the pen-name Hakim Bey, is a self-identified Anarchist who has traveled extensively in the Muslim world and has practiced Islam as a Shia and as a member of the Moorish Orthodox Church of America.

) Orthodox rabbi and historian of Jewish law Menachem Elon writes: