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Orthodox theology rejects Augustine's doctrine of Original Sin and actively opposes any implementation or implication of John Calvin's concepts of total depravity or irresistible grace and of Thomist or scholastic philosophical theology, viewing philosophy and discursive theology as corruptions of the true theology of the Cappadocian and early Desert Fathers which lead the Western Church astray into heresy.
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Orthodox and theology
Completed probably early in his life, before the Arian controversy, they constitute the first classic work of developed Orthodox theology.
His writings and his theology have remained central to tradition of the Fathers and to all Orthodox to this day.
The Church belongs to the Oriental Orthodox family of churches, which has been a distinct church body since the Council of Chalcedon in AD 451, when it took a different position over Christological theology from that of the Eastern Orthodox Church ( not to be confused with the Greek Orthodox Church of Alexandria ).
What unites the Orthodox is theology.
Category: Eastern Orthodox theology
Gnosis, as the proper use of the noetic faculty plays an important role in Eastern Orthodox theology.
These successors of the Apostles were ordained to their office by the laying on of hands, and according to Orthodox theology formed a living, organic link with the Apostles, and through them with Jesus Christ himself.
In the 14th Century, the possibility of this experiential knowledge of God was challenged by a Calabrian monk, Barlaam, who although he was formally a member of the Orthodox Church had been trained in Western Scholastic theology.
The Eastern Orthodox Church and those Eastern Catholic Churches which follow the Byzantine Rite see Jacob's dream as a prophecy of the Incarnation of the Logos, whereby Jacob's ladder is understood as a symbol of the Theotokos ( Virgin Mary ), who, according to Orthodox theology, united heaven and earth in her womb.
Kaplan, a critic of both Orthodox and Reform Judaism, believed that Jewish practice should be reconciled with modern thought, a philosophy reflected in his Sabbath Prayer Book ..." Due to Kaplan's evolving position on Jewish theology and the liturgy, he was also condemned as a heretic by members of Young Israel.
Rather, each Orthodox group claims to be a non-exclusive heir to the received tradition of Jewish theology, while still affirming a literal acceptance of Maimonides ' thirteen principles.
The use of panentheism as part of Orthodox theology and doctrine is " problematic " to those who would insist that panentheism requires creation to be " part of " God.
In agreement with Orthodox theology
Eastern Orthodox theology holds that one inherits the nature of sinfulness but not Adam and Eve's guilt for their sin which resulted in the fall.
While there is a large body of theology noting the many Scriptural supports for transubstantiation, in general, Orthodox and Catholics consider it unnecessary to " prove " from texts of Scripture a belief that they see as held by Christians without interruption from the earliest, apostolic times.
However, as a highly original and sophisticated thinker, Gregory is difficult to classify, and many aspects of his theology are contentious among both conservative Orthodox theologians and Western academic scholarship.
Orthodox Christianity identifies itself as the original Christian church ( see early centers of Christianity ) founded by Christ and the Apostles, and traces its lineage back to the early church through the process of Apostolic Succession and unchanged theology and practice.
According to Orthodox theology, when asceticism is increased, prayer must be increased also.
Thus, according to Orthodox theology, Jesus ' salvific work on the Cross has been accomplished, and the righteous departed in the Bosom of Abraham have been released from their bondage ; however, the Good News of the Resurrection has not yet been proclaimed to the living on earth ( this will occur during the Paschal Vigil ).
Modern Orthodox rabbinical students, such as those at Yeshiva University, study some elements of modern theology or philosophy, as well as the classical rabbinic works on such subjects.
In Eastern Orthodox and Oriental Orthodox theology, the Ascension is interpreted as the culmination of the Mystery of the Incarnation, in that it not only marked the completion of Jesus ' physical presence among his apostles, but consummated the union of God and man when Jesus ascended in his glorified human body to sit at the right hand of God the Father.
Orthodox and rejects
Concerning the degree of revelation of Torah, Conservative Judaism rejects the Orthodox position of a direct verbal revelation of the Torah.
: While accepting the canonical possibility of recognising the existence ( υποστατόν ) of sacraments performed outside herself, ( the Eastern Orthodox Church ) questions their validity ( έγκυρον ) and certainly rejects their efficacy ( ενεργόν ).
It holds that the Torah is a divine document written by prophets inspired by God and reflecting his will, but rejects the Orthodox position that it was dictated by God to Moses.
* The Orthodox rabbinical establishment rejects the validity of Conservative, Reform and Reconstructionist rabbis on the grounds that their movements ' teachings are in violation of traditional Jewish tenets.
Orthodox Islam rejects in their entirety all other religious traditions, such as Hinduism and Buddhism.
Orthodox and Augustine's
" It is also possible that Vincentius held to a position closer to the Eastern Orthodox position of today, which they claim to have been virtually universal until the time of Augustine, and which may have been interpreted as semipelagian by Augustine's followers.
The Eastern Orthodox do not accept Augustine's teaching of original sin.
The Eastern Orthodox agree that each individual must choose God by their own free will and rejected Augustine's teaching of predestination, interpreted as conflicting with free will, in which interpretation it is rejected also by the Roman Catholic Church.
Theosis has also been referred to as " glorification ", " union with God ", " becoming god by Grace ", " self-realization ", " the acquisition of the Holy Spirit ", " experience of the uncreated light " Eastern Orthodox theologians John Romanides and George Papademetriou say that some of Augustine's teachings were actually condemned as those of Barlaam the Calabrian at the Hesychast or Fifth Council of Constantinople 1351.
Romanides states that Augustine's Platonic mysticism was condemned by the Eastern Orthodox within the church condemnation of Barlaam of Calabria at the Hesychast councils in Constantinople.
Orthodox and doctrine
Arianism is defined as those teachings attributed to Arius which are in opposition to mainstream Trinitarian Christological doctrine, as determined by the first two Ecumenical Councils and currently maintained by the Roman Catholic Church, the Eastern Orthodox Churches, the Oriental Orthodox Churches, and most Reformation Protestant Churches.
" This is called the doctrine of the hypostatic union, which is still held today amongst all Protestant, Catholic, and Orthodox Christians, referred to as Chalcedonian Christianity.
The Tome of Leo has been widely criticized ( surprisingly by Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox scholars ) in the past 50 years as a much less than perfect orthodox theological doctrine.
The Roman Catholic Church holds this doctrine, as do most or all Eastern Orthodox theologians.
Although some Protestants reject the concept of an ecumenical council establishing doctrine for the entire Christian faith, Roman Catholics, Anglicans, Eastern Orthodox and Oriental Orthodox all accept the authority of ecumenical councils in principle.
Together with papal primacy, differences over this doctrine have been and remain the primary causes of schism between the Western and Eastern Orthodox churches.
Hesychasm is a traditional complex of ascetical practices embedded in the doctrine and practice of the Orthodox Church and intended to purify the member of the Orthodox Church and to make him ready for an encounter with God that comes to him when and if God wants, through God's Grace.
But in 1351 at a synod under the presidency of the Emperor John VI Cantacuzenus, Hesychast doctrine was established as the doctrine of the Orthodox Church.
The Eastern Orthodox Church tradition has never adopted the Augustinian view of predestination, and formed a doctrine of predestination by another historical route, sometimes called Semi-Pelagianism in the West.
Sabellius advanced the doctrine of one God sometimes referred to as “ economic Trinity ” and he opposed the Orthodox doctrine of the “ essential Trinity ”.
On the Second Sunday of Great Lent commemorates St. Gregory Palamas, the great defender of the Orthodox Church's doctrine of Hesychasm against its attack by Barlaam of Calabria.
By contrast, the Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, and Oriental Orthodox Churches teach that the Scriptures are not the only infallible source of Christian doctrine.
The Ascension and the Transfiguration both figure prominently in the Orthodox doctrine of theosis.
Miaphysitism is currently the christological doctrine of the Oriental Orthodox churches.
Present-day " traditionalist " Anglo-Catholics seek to maintain tradition and to keep Anglican doctrine in line with that of the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches.
" The bread and wine, offered by Melchizedek in sacrifice in the old covenant ( Genesis 14: 18 ; Psalm 110: 4 ), are transformed through the Mass into the body and blood of Christ ( see transubstantiation ; note: the Orthodox Church does not hold as dogma, as do Catholics, the doctrine of transubstantiation, preferring rather to not make an assertion regarding the " how " of the sacraments ), and the offering becomes one with that of Christ on the cross.
But while the Orthodox Church sees corruption of doctrine and authority in the Catholic Church just as the Protestants do, they view Protestantism as essentially " throwing the baby out with the bathwater ", ultimately separating themselves from the Truth to a larger degree than the Catholics.
Orthodox authors, like Jean Coman, considered this to be the proof that the presumed ancestors of the Romanians, the Getae or Daco-Getae, had a proto-Christian belief and that, with the Christianisation of Romania, they very easily could accept the Christian doctrine.
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