" Although he did not think much of the Communists, Orwell was still ready to treat them as friends and allies.

Historian John Rodden stated: " John Podhoretz did claim that if Orwell were alive today, he ’ d be standing with the neo-conservatives and against the Left.

' " For Democratic Socialism " is vaporised, just like Winston Smith did it at the Ministry of Truth, and that ’ s very much what happened at the beginning of the McCarthy era and just continued, Orwell being selectively quoted.

Ingle later noted that Orwell did not accept the existence of an afterlife, believing in the finality of death while living and advocating a moral code based on Judeo-Christian beliefs.

Though the term " retcon " did not yet exist when George Orwell wrote Nineteen Eighty-Four, the totalitarian regime depicted in that book is involved in a constant, large-scale retconning of past records.

Whoever reduced Orwell to destitution did him a good turn ; his final ten weeks in Paris sowed the seed of his first published book.

Lynne Truss stated that " Samuel Beckett spliced his way merrily through such novels as Molloy and Malone Dies, thumbing his nose at the semicolon all the way ," " James Joyce preferred the colon, as more authentically classical ; P. G. Wodehouse did an effortlessly marvellous job without it ; George Orwell tried to avoid the semicolon completely in Coming up for Air, ( 1939 )," " Martin Amis included just one semicolon in Money ( 1984 )," and " Umberto Eco was congratulated by an academic reader for using no semicolons in The Name of the Rose ( 1983 ).

Orwell did not choose the images and their inclusion may not have been his idea.

The writer George Orwell worked at Billingsgate in the 1930s, as did the Kray twins in the 1950s.

Nevertheless, Orwell felt that the novel did not resemble Joyce's Ulysses.

Orwell did not invent the term " two minutes hate "; it was already in use in the First World War.

Orwell, though a non-practising member of the Church of England, ' was sufficiently a traditionalist to wish to be married in it.

Kirwan had just started working for a Foreign Office unit, the Information Research Department, set up by the Labour government to publish anti-communist propaganda, and Orwell gave her a list of people he considered to be unsuitable as IRD authors because of their pro-communist leanings.

In the spring of 1935 Gollancz declared that he was prepared to publish Burmese Days provided Orwell was able to demonstrate it was not based on real people.

It appears that this was a preface for his book Animal Farm, but it is unclear if it had been deliberately suppressed or if Orwell himself chose not to publish it.

His break with Orwell came when he declined to publish Orwell's account of the Spanish Civil War Homage to Catalonia ; the pair having drifted apart on political grounds.

Sonia Orwell and Warburg both wanted to publish Such, Such Were the Joys immediately after Orwell's death, but Sir Richard Rees, who was Orwell's literary executor violently disagreed.

In the society that Orwell describes, everyone is under complete surveillance by the authorities, mainly by telescreens.

As a child Orwell ( under his real name Eric Blair ) published poems praising Kitchener and war recruitment in his local newspaper.

Orwell and his wife were under threat and had to lie low, although they broke cover to try to help Kopp.

Gollancz published the work under the Left Book Club which gave Orwell a far higher circulation than his previous works.

The writer Eric Blair chose the pen name under which he would later become famous, " George Orwell ", because of his love for the river.

He exchanged public correspondence with George Orwell defending pacifism in the open letter / poem " Letter to an American Visitor " under the pseudonym " Obadiah Hornbrooke.

Orwell accused Cockburn of being under the control of the Communist Party and was critical of the way Cockburn reported the Barcelona May Days.

EAR re-launched Orwell and Saxon as one station under the SGR fm banner in 1992 and also won the licence to start SGR Colchester in Essex the following year.

It is regarded as a reference to Brendan Bracken, 1st Viscount Bracken under whom Orwell worked during the war, creating propaganda, and whom Orwell detested.

Set in Burma, where Orwell ( under his real name of Eric Arthur Blair ) had served in the British Imperial Police from 1922 to 1927, it describes the execution of a criminal.

Some of these were written under the names of " Orwell " and Hermann Kunst.

Similarities can be observed in Orwell ’ s own definition of doublethink, from Nineteen Eighty-Four ;

'" Orwell wrote later that he felt guilty about his role in the work of empire and he " began to look more closely at his own country and saw that England also had its oppressed ..." Orwell made changes to his appearance in Burma that remained for the rest of his life.

The firm advised Orwell to establish a company to own his copyright and to receive his royalties and set up a " service agreement " so that he could draw a salary.

In Orwell's Victory, Christopher Hitchens argues, " In answer to the accusation of inconsistency Orwell as a writer was forever taking his own temperature.

In their 1972 study, The Unknown Orwell, the writers Peter Stansky and William Abrahams note that at Eton Blair displayed a " sceptical attitude " to Christian belief, and that: " Shaw's preface to his recently published Androcles and the Lion in which an account of the gospels is set forth, very different in tone from what one would be likely to hear from an Anglican clergyman " was " much more to Blair's own taste.

Orwell was a heavy smoker, rolling his own cigarettes from strong shag tobacco, in spite of his bronchial condition.

Orwell's Paris street, in the 5th arrondissement of Paris | 5th arrondissement: " tall old-fashioned windows and dark grey leaded roofs ; not far from the École Normale Supérieure — earlier in the twenties, Ernest Hemingway | Hemingway had lived only 500 yards from Orwell's street ; Elliot Paul was then still living in his own ' narrow street ', the Rue de la Huchette, in the same arrondissement down by the river near the Place Saint-Michel ; and once, at the Les Deux Magots | Deux Magots in 1928, Orwell thought he saw James Joyce.

Gollancz formed his own publishing company in 1927, publishing works by writers such as Ford Madox Ford and George Orwell ( though Orwell went to Secker and Warburg from Homage to Catalonia on ).

What he valued in Wells was not the later polemicist, but the novelist whose evocation of certain aspects of life in England before the First World War recalled to Orwell comparable experiences of his own.

Orwell himself is suspicious of technological progress for its own sake and thinks it inevitably leads to softness and decadence.

' Orwell writes how he was trapped between his own resentment towards the Empire and the Burmese people's resentment towards him.

In his book The Road to Wigan Pier, George Orwell described life for the unemployed in northern England during the depression: " Several hundred men risk their lives and several hundred women scrabble in the mud for hours ... searching eagerly for tiny chips of coal in slagheaps so they could heat their own homes.

* The bleak, dystopian feel of the action taking place in 1984 alludes to the novel Nineteen Eighty-Four by George Orwell, to Bowie's own dystopian song of the same name, and to Bowie's reinvention of himself as a mainstream entertainer during the Reagan and Thatcher era.

Animal Farm is a satirical novel by George Orwell, ostensibly about a group of animals who oust the humans from the farm they live on and endeavour to run it themselves, only to have it corrupted into a brutal tyranny on its own.

St Cyprian's was, according to him, a " world of force and fraud and secrecy ," in which the young Orwell, a shy, sickly and unattractive boy surrounded by pupils from families much richer than his own, was " like a goldfish " thrown " into a tank full of pike.