Since the great flood of these dystopias has appeared only in the last twelve years, it seems fairly reasonable to assume that the chief impetus was the 1949 publication of Nineteen Eighty-Four, an assumption which is supported by the frequent echoes of such details as Room 101, along with education by conditioning from Brave New World, a book to which science-fiction writers may well have returned with new interest after reading the more powerful Orwell dystopia.

Mr. Philip Toynbee affirms at one point that if he shared the anticipations of Orwell in Nineteen Eighty-Four, if he believed Communism was not only evil but `` also irredeemably evil '', then he might `` think it right to do anything rather than to take the risk of a communist world.

He taught French for a year at Eton, where Eric Blair ( later to become George Orwell ) and Stephen Runciman were among his pupils, but was remembered as an incompetent and hopeless teacher who couldn ’ t keep discipline.

A prominent critic was George Orwell, who frequently referred to him in his essays and diaries as " A Catholic Apologist " and accused him of being " silly-clever ", in line with his criticisms of G. K. Chesterton, Hilaire Belloc, Ronald Knox and Wyndham-Lewis.

The case was Estate of Orwell v. CBS, 00-c-5034 ( ND Ill ).

On the eve of trial, the case settled worldwide to the parties ' " mutual satisfaction "; the amount that CBS paid to the Orwell Estate was not disclosed.

From 1942 to 1944 George Orwell was a proponent of Basic English, but in 1945 he became critical of universal languages.

David Janssen ( March 27, 1931 – February 13, 1980 ) was an American film and television actor who is best known for his starring role as Dr. Richard Kimble in the television series The Fugitive ( 1963 – 1967 ), the starring role in the 1950s hit detective series Richard Diamond, Private Detective ( 1957 – 60 ), and as Harry Orwell on Harry O.

Eric Arthur Blair ( 25 June 1903 – 21 January 1950 ), known by his pen name George Orwell, was an English novelist and journalist.

Wellington was " beastly ", Orwell told his childhood friend Jacintha Buddicom, but he said he was " interested and happy " at Eton.

A colleague, Roger Beadon, recalled ( in a 1969 recording for the BBC ) that Orwell was fast to learn the language and that before he left Burma, " was able to speak fluently with Burmese priests in ' very high-flown Burmese.

He was also spending time with Eleanor Jacques, but her attachment to Dennis Collings remained an obstacle to his hopes of a more serious relationship. The pen-name " George Orwell " was inspired by the River Orwell

" Down and Out in Paris and London was published on 9 January 1933, as Orwell continued to work on Burmese Days.

In June, Burmese Days was published and Cyril Connolly's review in the New Statesman prompted Orwell to re-establish contact with his old friend.

The relationship was sometimes awkward and Orwell and Heppenstall even came to blows, though they remained friends and later worked together on BBC broadcasts.

Orwell was now working on Keep the Aspidistra Flying, and also tried unsuccessfully to write a serial for the News Chronicle.

Gollancz feared the second half would offend readers and added a disculpatory preface to the book while Orwell was in Spain.

Orwell needed somewhere he could concentrate on writing his book, and once again help was provided by Aunt Nellie, who was living at Wallington, Hertfordshire in a very small sixteenth-century cottage called the " Stores ".

The ILP was linked to the POUM and so Orwell joined the POUM.

" Orwell stated in " Why I Write " ( 1946 ): " Every line of serious work that I have written since 1936 has been written, directly or indirectly, against totalitarianism and for democratic socialism, as I understand it.

Orwell joined the staff of Tribune as literary editor, and from then until his death, was a left-wing ( though hardly orthodox ) Labour-supporting democratic socialist.

In Britain, the democratic socialist tradition was represented in particular by the William Morris ' Socialist League, and in the 1880s by the Fabian Society, and later the Independent Labour Party ( ILP ) founded by Keir Hardie in the 1890s, of which George Orwell would later be a prominent member.

" Orwell was a proponent of a federal socialist Europe, a position outlined in his 1947 essay " Toward European Unity ," which first appeared in Partisan Review.

Unlike many on the left, instead of abandoning socialism once he discovered the full horror of Stalinist rule in the Soviet Union, Orwell abandoned the Soviet Union and instead remained a socialist — indeed he became more committed to the socialist cause than ever.

A lifetime leftist, he served from 1971 to 1984 as the Literary Editor of the socialist weekly Tribune ( a position once held by George Orwell ), where he regularly reviewed science fiction despite the continued refusal of the literary world to take it seriously.

For his political writings on doublespeak and hypocrisy, Noam Chomsky received the Orwell Award ( which ' recognizes writers who have made outstanding contributions to the critical analysis of public discourse ') in 1987 and 1989.

The Committee also presented the George Orwell Award for Honesty and Clarity in Public Language for 1975-76 to Professor Hugh Rank who created the pattern.

On 4 August Orwell gave a talk at the Adelphi Summer School held at Langham, entitled An Outsider Sees the Distressed Areas ; others who spoke at the School included John Strachey, Max Plowman, Karl Polanyi and Reinhold Niebuhr.

During the winter of 1945 to 1946 Orwell made several hopeless and unwelcome marriage proposals to younger women, including Celia Kirwan ( who was later to become Arthur Koestler's sister-in-law ), Ann Popham who happened to live in the same block of flats and Sonia Brownell, one of Connolly's coterie at the Horizon office.

In December a chest specialist was summoned from Glasgow who pronounced Orwell seriously ill and a week before Christmas 1947 he was in Hairmyres hospital in East Kilbride, then a small village in the countryside, on the outskirts of Glasgow.

However a later visit was made by Jack Harrison who claimed that Orwell gave him 25 % of the company.

" According to historian Piers Brendon, " Orwell was the saint of common decency who would in earlier days, said his BBC boss Rushbrook Williams, ' have been either canonised – or burnt at the stake '".

However, Raymond Williams in Politics and Letters: Interviews with New Left Review describes Orwell as a " successful impersonation of a plain man who bumps into experience in an unmediated way and tells the truth about it.

In Part 2 of The Road to Wigan Pier, published by the Left Book Club, Orwell stated: " a real Socialist is one who wishes – not merely conceives it as desirable, but actively wishes – to see tyranny overthrown.

In Burma, he struck out at a Burmese boy who while " fooling around " with his friends had " accidentally bumped into him " at a station, with the result that Orwell " fell heavily " down some stairs.

In his novel, Orwell writes, " He who controls the present, controls the past.

George Orwell said that Maugham was " the modern writer who has influenced me the most.

It was in the home of Mabel Fierz, who had, with her husband, a London businessman named Francis, been for a number of years a visitor to Southwold in the summer, and who was on friendly terms with the Blairs, that Orwell discarded the typescript.

", Benjamin Britten, E. M. Forster, Augustus John, George Orwell, Herbert Read ( chairman ), Osbert Sitwell and George Woodcock set up the Freedom Defence Committee to " uphold the essential liberty of individuals and organizations, and to defend those who are persecuted for exercising their rights to freedom of speech, writing and action.

George Orwell, who adopted this pseudonym while living here, lived and worked in 1932-3 as a schoolmaster at The Hawthorns High School for Boys, situated on Church Road.

Orwell states plainly that he himself is in favour of socialism ; but feels it necessary to point out reasons why many people who would benefit from socialism, and should logically support it, are in practice likely to be strong opponents.

The view that this was a specific commission with a £ 500 advance — two years ' income for Orwell at the time, is based on a recollection by Geoffrey Gorer who was interviewed for Melvyn Bragg's TV programme Omnibus in 1970.

Yet, writing to Jack Common in April 1936 about setting up shop, " Orwell sounds hard put to find £ 20 in order to stock his shelves, rather than like a man who had received £ 500 a couple of months earlier.