Since the great flood of these dystopias has appeared only in the last twelve years, it seems fairly reasonable to assume that the chief impetus was the 1949 publication of Nineteen Eighty-Four, an assumption which is supported by the frequent echoes of such details as Room 101, along with education by conditioning from Brave New World, a book to which science-fiction writers may well have returned with new interest after reading the more powerful Orwell dystopia.

Mr. Philip Toynbee affirms at one point that if he shared the anticipations of Orwell in Nineteen Eighty-Four, if he believed Communism was not only evil but `` also irredeemably evil '', then he might `` think it right to do anything rather than to take the risk of a communist world.

He taught French for a year at Eton, where Eric Blair ( later to become George Orwell ) and Stephen Runciman were among his pupils, but was remembered as an incompetent and hopeless teacher who couldn ’ t keep discipline.

A prominent critic was George Orwell, who frequently referred to him in his essays and diaries as " A Catholic Apologist " and accused him of being " silly-clever ", in line with his criticisms of G. K. Chesterton, Hilaire Belloc, Ronald Knox and Wyndham-Lewis.

The case was Estate of Orwell v. CBS, 00-c-5034 ( ND Ill ).

On the eve of trial, the case settled worldwide to the parties ' " mutual satisfaction "; the amount that CBS paid to the Orwell Estate was not disclosed.

From 1942 to 1944 George Orwell was a proponent of Basic English, but in 1945 he became critical of universal languages.

David Janssen ( March 27, 1931 – February 13, 1980 ) was an American film and television actor who is best known for his starring role as Dr. Richard Kimble in the television series The Fugitive ( 1963 – 1967 ), the starring role in the 1950s hit detective series Richard Diamond, Private Detective ( 1957 – 60 ), and as Harry Orwell on Harry O.

Eric Arthur Blair ( 25 June 1903 – 21 January 1950 ), known by his pen name George Orwell, was an English novelist and journalist.

Wellington was " beastly ", Orwell told his childhood friend Jacintha Buddicom, but he said he was " interested and happy " at Eton.

A colleague, Roger Beadon, recalled ( in a 1969 recording for the BBC ) that Orwell was fast to learn the language and that before he left Burma, " was able to speak fluently with Burmese priests in ' very high-flown Burmese.

He was also spending time with Eleanor Jacques, but her attachment to Dennis Collings remained an obstacle to his hopes of a more serious relationship. The pen-name " George Orwell " was inspired by the River Orwell

" Down and Out in Paris and London was published on 9 January 1933, as Orwell continued to work on Burmese Days.

In June, Burmese Days was published and Cyril Connolly's review in the New Statesman prompted Orwell to re-establish contact with his old friend.

The relationship was sometimes awkward and Orwell and Heppenstall even came to blows, though they remained friends and later worked together on BBC broadcasts.

Orwell was now working on Keep the Aspidistra Flying, and also tried unsuccessfully to write a serial for the News Chronicle.

Gollancz feared the second half would offend readers and added a disculpatory preface to the book while Orwell was in Spain.

Orwell needed somewhere he could concentrate on writing his book, and once again help was provided by Aunt Nellie, who was living at Wallington, Hertfordshire in a very small sixteenth-century cottage called the " Stores ".

The ILP was linked to the POUM and so Orwell joined the POUM.

Writer and political philosopher George Orwell was a proponent of this view, which he captured in the landmark essay, " Politics and the English Language.

In 2000, after the U. S. version of the CBS program " Big Brother " premiered, the Estate of George Orwell sued CBS and its production company " Orwell Productions, Inc ." in federal court in Chicago for copyright and trademark infringement.

Unlike many on the left, instead of abandoning socialism once he discovered the full horror of Stalinist rule in the Soviet Union, Orwell abandoned the Soviet Union and instead remained a socialist — indeed he became more committed to the socialist cause than ever.

Orwell joined the staff of Tribune as literary editor, and from then until his death, was a left-wing ( though hardly orthodox ) Labour-supporting democratic socialist.

In Britain, the democratic socialist tradition was represented in particular by the William Morris ' Socialist League, and in the 1880s by the Fabian Society, and later the Independent Labour Party ( ILP ) founded by Keir Hardie in the 1890s, of which George Orwell would later be a prominent member.

Orwell was a democratic socialist and a left-libertarian sympathizer who expressed solidarity with the anarchist movement and social revolution, later commenting, " I had told everyone for a long time past that I was going to leave the P. O. U. M.

A lifetime leftist, he served from 1971 to 1984 as the Literary Editor of the socialist weekly Tribune ( a position once held by George Orwell ), where he regularly reviewed science fiction despite the continued refusal of the literary world to take it seriously.

Orwell returned home for a while and then went back to Europe.

With the onset of the Second World War and paper rationing, New Writing's future was uncertain and so Lehmann wrote New Writing in Europe for Pelican Books, one of the first critical summaries of the writers of the 1930s in which he championed the authors who had been the stars of New Writing-Auden and Spender-and also his close friend Tom Wintringham and Wintringham's ally, the emerging George Orwell.

* Mistaken references to the title of this work as Last Man in London may have given rise to the persistent myth that George Orwell was influenced by it when naming his novel The Last Man in Europe, which was later retitled and is now known as Nineteen Eighty-Four.

Its position on the estuaries of the Stour and Orwell rivers and its usefulness to mariners as the only safe anchorage between the Thames and Humber led to a long period of maritime significance, both civil and military.

He wrote " If you wanted to sum up the relative position of Britain and America in this century – the ebbing away of the pink areas of the map, the fading of national self-confidence as Uncle Sam proceeded to colonise the globe with fizzy drinks and Hollywood – you could do it like this: they had Star Trek, we had Blake's 7 ... No ' boldly going ' here: instead, we got the boot stamping on a human face which George Orwell offered as a vision of humanity's future in Nineteen Eighty-Four.

He remained in the position for 27 years, during which time he turned it into a trust-owned newspaper employing, among others, George Orwell, Paul Jennings and C. A. Lejeune.

Other contributions included two essays by George Orwell, " Fascism and Democracy " and " Patriots and Revolutionaries " that condemned the Communist Party of Great Britain for backing the Molotov – Ribbentrop Pact of 1939 and for taking a revolutionary defeatist position in the war against Nazi Germany.

Such a company " George Orwell Productions Ltd " ( GOP Ltd ) was set up on 12 September 1947 although the service agreement was not then put into effect.

In April 1947 Orwell left London for good, ending the leases on the Islington flat and Wallington cottage.

In December a chest specialist was summoned from Glasgow who pronounced Orwell seriously ill and a week before Christmas 1947 he was in Hairmyres hospital in East Kilbride, then a small village in the countryside, on the outskirts of Glasgow.

* Cult author George Orwell wrote his most famous novel ' cult classic ' 1984 whilst a patient at Hairmyers Hospital in East Kilbride in late 1947 and much of 1948. Orwell was suffering from Tuberculosis whilst convalescing at Hairmyers.

Orwell left the Tribune staff in early 1945 to become a war correspondent for The Observer — he was replaced as literary editor by his friend Tosco Fyvel — but remained a regular contributor until March 1947.

In mid-August 1947, the author George Orwell nearly drowned in the Corryvreckan whirlpool.

Seeking to focus his main energies on completing a novel destined to become the dystopian classic Nineteen Eighty-Four, Orwell had fled the distractions of London in April 1947 and taken up temporary residence on the isolated island of Jura in the Inner Hebrides.

In the essay section of his novel 1985, Anthony Burgess states that Orwell got the idea for Big Brother from advertising billboards for educational correspondence courses from a company called Bennett's, current during World War II.

In his essay " Politics and the English Language ", George Orwell observes that political language serves to distort and obfuscate reality.

Orwell spent time in Wallington and Southwold working on a Dickens essay and it was in July 1939 that Orwell's father, Richard Blair, died.

" Rodden refers to the essay " Why I Write ", in which Orwell refers to the Spanish Civil War as being his " watershed political experience ", saying " The Spanish War and other events in 1936 – 37, turned the scale.

If the book itself, Animal Farm, had left any doubt of the matter, Orwell dispelled it in his essay Why I Write: ' Every line of serious work that I ’ ve written since 1936 has been written directly or indirectly against Totalitarianism ... dot, dot, dot, dot.

In his essay Politics and the English Language ( 1946 ), Orwell wrote about the importance of precise and clear language, arguing that vague writing can be used as a powerful tool of political manipulation because it shapes the way we think.

In that essay, Orwell provides six rules for writers:

Orwell may have been the first to use the term cold war, in his essay, " You and the Atom Bomb ", published in Tribune, 19 October 1945.

In his 1938 essay " Why I joined the Independent Labour Party ," published in the ILP-affiliated New Leader, Orwell wrote:

Writing in the spring of 1945 a long essay titled " Antisemitism in Britain ," for the Contemporary Jewish Record, Orwell stated that anti-Semitism was on the increase in Britain, and that it was " irrational and will not yield to arguments.

One of the first acknowledgments of Henry Miller as a major modern writer was by George Orwell in his 1940 essay " Inside the Whale ", where he wrote:

In his essay " In Defence of English Cooking " George Orwell rates Wensleydale has second only to Stilton among British cheese varieties.

In his essay " Politics and the English Language ", Orwell derided the use of cliché and dying metaphors, which " even think your thoughts for you, to a certain extent " and went on to say " But if thought corrupts language, language can also corrupt thought.

George Orwell wrote about the song in his 1946 essay Riding Down from Bangor.

In his 1941 essay " The Lion and the Unicorn ", Orwell referred to two important sub-sections of the middle class, one of which was the military and imperialistic middle class, nicknamed the Blimps, and characterised by the " half-pay colonel with his bull neck and diminutive brain ".

George Orwell complained about overuse of the ' not un ...' construction in his essay " Politics and the English Language ".

George Orwell wrote an essay called A Good Word for the Vicar of Bray.

" Shooting an Elephant " is an essay by George Orwell, first published in the literary magazine New Writing in the autumn of 1936 and broadcast by the BBC Home Service on 12 October 1948.

The essay describes the experience of the English narrator, possibly Orwell himself, called upon to shoot an aggressive elephant while working as a police officer in Burma.

" Politics and the English Language " ( 1946 ) is an essay by George Orwell criticising " ugly and inaccurate " contemporary written English.

John Rodden claims, given that much of Orwell's work was polemical, he sometimes violated these rules and Orwell himself concedes he has no doubt violated some of them in the very essay in which they were included.

Orwell chooses five specimen pieces of text, by Harold Laski (" five negatives in 53 words "), Lancelot Hogben ( mixed metaphors ), an essay on psychology in Politics (" simply meaningless "), a communist pamphlet (" an accumulation of stale phrases ") and a reader's letter in Tribune (" words and meaning have parted company ").

In his biography of Orwell, Michael Shelden called the article " his most important essay on style ", while Bernard Crick made no reference to the work at all in his original biography, reserving his praise for Orwell's essays in Polemic, which cover a similar political theme.

" Developing themes Orwell began exploring in this essay, Newspeak first corrupts writers morally, then politically, " since it allows writers to cheat themselves and their readers with ready-made prose.