George Orwell wrote in 1944 that " the word ' Fascism ' is almost entirely meaningless ... almost any English person would accept ' bully ' as a synonym for ' Fascist '".

Considered perhaps the 20th century's best chronicler of English culture, Orwell wrote literary criticism, poetry, fiction and polemical journalism.

'" Orwell wrote later that he felt guilty about his role in the work of empire and he " began to look more closely at his own country and saw that England also had its oppressed ..." Orwell made changes to his appearance in Burma that remained for the rest of his life.

Four days later, he wrote to Moore, suggesting the pseudonyms P. S. Burton ( a name he used when tramping ), Kenneth Miles, George Orwell, and H. Lewis Allways.

Observing events from French Morocco Orwell wrote that they were "— only a by-product of the Russian Trotskyist trials and from the start every kind of lie, including flagrant absurdities, has been circulated in the Communist press.

They rented a villa on the road to Casablanca and during that time Orwell wrote Coming Up for Air.

In 1945 or early 1946, while still living at Canonbury Square, Orwell wrote an article on " British Cookery ", complete with recipes, commissioned by the British Council.

In an autobiographical piece that Orwell sent to the editors of Twentieth Century Authors in 1940, he wrote: " The writers I care about most and never grow tired of are: Shakespeare, Swift, Fielding, Dickens, Charles Reade, Flaubert and, among modern writers, James Joyce, T. S. Eliot and D. H. Lawrence.

Literature: An Examination of Gulliver's Travels " ( 1946 ) Orwell wrote: " If I had to make a list of six books which were to be preserved when all others were destroyed, I would certainly put Gulliver's Travels among them.

Fyvel wrote about Orwell: " His crucial experience ... was his struggle to turn himself into a writer, one which led through long periods of poverty, failure and humiliation, and about which he has written almost nothing directly.

In his essay Politics and the English Language ( 1946 ), Orwell wrote about the importance of precise and clear language, arguing that vague writing can be used as a powerful tool of political manipulation because it shapes the way we think.

The ambiguity in his belief in religion mirrored the dichotomies between his public and private lives: Stephen Ingle wrote that it was as if the writer George Orwell " vaunted " his atheism while Eric Blair the individual retained " a deeply ingrained religiosity ".

In his 1938 essay " Why I joined the Independent Labour Party ," published in the ILP-affiliated New Leader, Orwell wrote:

On anarchism, Orwell wrote in The Road to Wigan Pier: " I worked out an anarchistic theory that all government is evil, that the punishment always does more harm than the crime and the people can be trusted to behave decently if you will only let them alone.

The novelist Compton Mackenzie lived on Barra and George Orwell wrote 1984 whilst living on Jura.

Though the term " retcon " did not yet exist when George Orwell wrote Nineteen Eighty-Four, the totalitarian regime depicted in that book is involved in a constant, large-scale retconning of past records.

One of the first acknowledgments of Henry Miller as a major modern writer was by George Orwell in his 1940 essay " Inside the Whale ", where he wrote:

He wrote " If you wanted to sum up the relative position of Britain and America in this century – the ebbing away of the pink areas of the map, the fading of national self-confidence as Uncle Sam proceeded to colonise the globe with fizzy drinks and Hollywood – you could do it like this: they had Star Trek, we had Blake's 7 ... No ' boldly going ' here: instead, we got the boot stamping on a human face which George Orwell offered as a vision of humanity's future in Nineteen Eighty-Four.

) Orwell wrote Coming Up for Air while he was in North Africa and left the manuscript at his agent's office within a few hours of arriving back in England on 30 March 1939.

" Reviewing the book, David Caute wrote: " One keeps asking of Hobsbawm: didn't you know what Deutscher and Orwell knew?

George Orwell wrote about the song in his 1946 essay Riding Down from Bangor.

On 1 April 1936, Orwell rented a cottage in a remote village in Hertfordshire where he wrote up " The Road to Wigan Pier ".

" When it came to marrying, Orwell wrote to Gorer that " I should never be economically justified in marrying, so might as well be unjustified now as later ".

As a child Orwell ( under his real name Eric Blair ) published poems praising Kitchener and war recruitment in his local newspaper.

Orwell also submitted his name to the Central Register for war effort but nothing transpired.

Orwell was declared " unfit for any kind of military service " by the Medical Board in June, but soon afterwards found an opportunity to become involved in war activities by joining the Home Guard.

In August 1941, Orwell finally obtained " war work " when he was taken on full-time by the BBC's Eastern Service.

By February 1945 David Astor had invited Orwell to become a war correspondent for the Observer.

Orwell had been looking for the opportunity throughout the war, but his failed medical reports prevented him from being allowed anywhere near action.

Orwell may have been the first to use the term cold war, in his essay, " You and the Atom Bomb ", published in Tribune, 19 October 1945.

Orwell was opposed to rearmament against Nazi Germany — but he changed his view after the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact and the outbreak of the war.

" During the war, Orwell was highly critical of the popular idea that an Anglo-Soviet alliance would be the basis of a post-war world of peace and prosperity.

" In Nineteen Eighty-Four, written shortly after the war, Orwell portrayed the Party as enlisting anti-Semitic passions against their enemy, Goldstein.

Orwell meticulously documented his first-hand observations of the civil war, and expressed admiration for the social revolution in his book Homage to Catalonia.

While members with a training in scientific socialism have been surprised at the naïveté of the second part, they have found it valuable, as showing how much education they still have to do .." Orwell biographers Stansky & Abrahams noted: " But Gollancz and Laski, believing in a scientific rather than an emotional socialism, believing ( in 1937 ) that it was still possible to equip people to fight against war and Fascism, were caught in a time warp: history was leaving them behind.

Orwell in Spain was continuing his education-in a real war against Fascism-and it was very different from anything envisioned by the selectors of the Left Book Club.

* In the landmark George Orwell novel Nineteen Eighty Four, Eurasia is described as having " always been at war with Eastasia ".

George Orwell wrote his novel Nineteen Eighty-Four on the isolated island of Jura, Scotland to describe how a man ( Winston Smith ) attempts to develop critical conscience in a totalitarian state which watches every action of the people and manipulates their thinking with a mixture of propaganda, endless war and thought control through language control ( double think and newsspeak ) to the point where prisoners look up to and even love their torturers.

She and Richard were living at Greystone at the time, with Orwell working in Paris as a war correspondent for The Observer.

George Orwell, who fought with the POUM in the civil war, reports that its membership was roughly 10, 000 in July 1936, 70, 000 in December 1936, and 40, 000 in June 1937, although he notes that the numbers are from POUM sources and are probably exaggerated.

Crook then, on orders from the NKVD, used his job as war reporter for the News Chronicle to spy on Orwell and his Independent Labour Party comrades in the POUM Trotskyist militia.

At the end of World War II, English author and journalist George Orwell used cold war, as a general term, in his essay “ You and the Atomic Bomb ”, published October 19, 1945, in the British newspaper Tribune.

In The Observer of March 10, 1946, Orwell wrote that “ fter the Moscow conference last December, Russia began to make a ‘ cold war ’ on Britain and the British Empire .”

Orwell left the Tribune staff in early 1945 to become a war correspondent for The Observer — he was replaced as literary editor by his friend Tosco Fyvel — but remained a regular contributor until March 1947.

Orwell worked for the Ministry of Information during the war and used it as his inspiration for the Ministry of Truth in Nineteen-Eighty-Four.

It is regarded as a reference to Brendan Bracken, 1st Viscount Bracken under whom Orwell worked during the war, creating propaganda, and whom Orwell detested.