He was married twice, to Valide Sultan Mahfiruze Hatice Sultan, originally named Maria, a Greek, mother of Osman II, and to Valide Sultan Kadinefendi Kösem Sultan or Mahpeyker, originally named Anastasia, a Greek, mother of Murad IV and Ibrahim I.

In 1618, after a short rule, he was deposed in favour of his young nephew Osman II ( 1618 – 22 ) and was sent back to Kafes.

The conflict between the Janissaries and Osman II presented him with a second chance.

After the assassination of Osman II in 1622 by Janisaries, he was placed back on the throne and held it for another year.

He had the participants in the coup against Osman II executed and believed that Osman II was still alive.

Murad IV feared suffering the fate of his elder brother, Osman II ( 1618 – 22 ), and decided to assert his power.

* 1604 – Osman II, Ottoman Sultan ( d. 1622 )

Sultan Osman II or Othman II ( commonly known as Genç Osman – meaning Osman the Young – in Turkish ) ( Ottoman Turkish عثمان ثانى ‘ O < u > s </ u > mān-i < u > s </ u > ānī ) < span dir =" ltr ">( November 3, 1604 – May 20, 1622 )</ span > was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1618 until his death on 20 May 1622.

At a young age his mother paid a lot of attention to his education, as a result of this Osman II was a known poet and had mastered many languages, including Arabic, Persian, Greek, Latin, Italian, and the court sign language.

Despite his youth, Osman II soon sought to assert himself as a ruler, and after securing the empire's eastern border by signing a peace treaty ( treaty of Serav ) with Safavid Iran, he personally led the Ottoman invasion of Poland during the Moldavian Magnate Wars.

Forced to sign a peace treaty with the Poles after the Battle of Chotin ( Chocim ) ( which was, in fact, a siege of Chotin defended by the Polish hetman Jan Karol Chodkiewicz ) in September – October, 1621, Osman II returned home to Istanbul in shame, blaming the cowardice of the Janissaries and the insufficiency of his statesmen for his humiliation.

Probably the first Sultan to identify and attempt to tackle the Janissaries as a praetorian institution doing more harm than good to the modern empire, Osman II closed their coffee shops ( the gathering points for conspiracies against the throne ) and started planning to create a new, loyal and ethnic Turkic army consisting of Anatolian, Mesopotamian and Egyptian Turks and Turkmens.

When an executioner was sent to strangle him at Yedikule, Constantinople, Osman II refused to give in and started fighting the man and was only subdued when he was hit on his back with the rear end of an axe by one of his imprisoners.

af: Osman II

az: II Osman

bs: Osman II

The Osmanli ruler Osman I was the first Turkish ruler who minted coins in his own name in 1320s, for it bears the legend " Minted by Osman son of Ertugul ".

Among the Turkmen leaders the Ottomans emerged as great power under Osman and his son Orhan I. Smyrna was conquered in 1330 AD, and the last Byzantine possession, Philadélphia ( modern Alaşehir ), fell in 1390 AD.

By the end of Andronikos II's reign, much of Bithynia was in the hands of the Ottoman Turks of Osman I and his son and heir Orhan.

Abdülhamid was imprisoned for most of the first forty-two years of his life by his cousins Mahmud I and Osman III and his older brother Mustafa III, as was custom.

He was solemnly recognized as sultan, girded with the sabre of Osman at Bursa and the troops and officers of the state willing paid homage to him as their sovereign.

The first press was brought to Mecca in 1885 by Osman Nuri Paşa, an Ottoman Wāli.

The Ottoman Empire ( Ottoman Turkish: د َ و ْ ل َ ت ِ ع َ ل ِ ي ّ ه ٔ ع ُ ثم َ ان ِ ی ّ ه Devlet-i ʿAliyye-yi ʿO < u > s </ u > mâniyye Modern Turkish: Osmanlı İmparatorluğu ), also historically referred to as the Turkish Empire or Turkey, was a state founded by Turkish tribes under Osman Bey in northwestern Anatolia.

One of the Ghazi emirates was led by Osman I ( 1258 – 1326 ), from which the name Ottoman is derived, son of Ertuğrul, around Eskişehir in western Anatolia.

In the foundation myth expressed in the medieval Turkish story known as " Osman's Dream ", the young Osman was inspired to conquest by a prescient vision of empire ( according to his dream, the empire is a big tree whose roots spread through three continents and whose branches cover the sky ).

Osman I or Othman I or Osman Gazi ( 1258 – 1326 ) Sultan Osman Ghazi, or Osman Bey or I. Osman, Osman Gazi Han ), nicknamed " Kara " for his courage, was the leader of the Ottoman Turks, and the founder of the dynasty that established and ruled the Ottoman Empire.

The westward drive of the Mongol invasions had pushed scores of Muslims toward Osman's Anatolian principality, a power base that Osman was quick to consolidate.

Baghdad had been sacked by Hulagu Khan in 1258, the very year Osman I was born.

* May 20 – Osman II, Ottoman Sultan ( born 1604 )

Austin's mother, Eliza Osman, was the daughter of a Royal Marine and had been born in Devon, before marrying Philip Spare at St Bride's Church in Fleet Street in December 1879.

The couple's fourth surviving child, Austin Osman Spare was born shortly after four o ' clock on the morning of 30 December 1886.

* Russell Osman, international footballer, was born here in 1959.

Johnson was born in 1940 in Penzance, Cornwall, the son of Osman Wilfred Johnson and Irene, daughter of Stanley F. Williams of Bromley, Kent, and Marie Louise ( née de Pfeffel ).

Stanley's father was born Osman Wilfred Kemal in England in 1909, his Anglo-Swiss mother Winifred dying shortly after giving birth.

Mustafa Osman Ismail ( born 1955 in Dongola, Sudan ) is a former Sudanese politician.

* Osman Arslan ( born 1942 ), Turkish judge

Osman Nuri Pasha was born into a prominent family ( Yağcıoğulları ) of the city of Tokat in Central Anatolia.

Mat Osman ( born Mathew David Osman, 9 October 1967, Welwyn Garden City ) is an English musician, best known as the bassist in the band Suede.

Husein was born to Osman and his wife Melek-Hanuma in 1802 in the Gradaščević family house in Gradačac.

Sir Mir Osman Ali Khan Siddiqi GCSI, GBE Asaf Jah VII (), born Mir Osman Ali Khan Siddiqi Bahadur (; April 6, 1886 – February 24, 1967 ), was the last Nizam ( or ruler ) of the Princely State of Hyderabad and of Berar.

Osman Hussain ( also Hussain Osman or Hamdi Isaac ) ( born July 23, or July 27, 1978 ) was found guilty of having placed an explosive at the Shepherd's Bush tube station during the failed 21 July 2005 London bombings.

* Osman Kürşat Duman ( born 1987 ), Turkish footballer

Minhaj al-Siraj Juzjani ( born 1193 ), full name Abu Osman Minhajuddin bin Sirajuddin, was a 13th century Persian historian born in the Ghurid capital city of Firuz Kuh, which is located in Ghor Province of Afghanistan.

Leon Osman ( born 17 May 1981 ) is an English football player who plays for Everton in the Premier League.

Osman was born in Billinge Higher End, Wigan in Greater Manchester to a Turkish Cypriot father and an English mother.