In his book, ' Bacardi, The Hidden War ', Hernando Calvo Ospina outlines the political element to the family's money.

Ospina also explains the close ties Bacardí family members had to the US political elite as well as organizations of state such as the CIA.

Category: Ospina family

Category: Ospina family

Ospina created the Colombian Petroleum Company ECOPETROL ( Empresa Colombiana de Petroleos ), the Telecommunications Company TELECOM, the Social Security Administration ISS ( Instituto de Seguro Social ), the petroleum pipeline from Barrancabermeja and Puerto Berrío, the hydroelectric dams of Sisga, Saldaña and Neusa, and established the Colombian Economic Development Plan under the direction of the Economic Mission of Professor Lauchlin Currie.

By the mid-1960s, the country had suffered some two hundred thousand assassinations ; from 1946 to 1966, la Violencia had occurred in five stages: ( i ) resumption of political violence, before and after the presidential election of 1946 ; ( ii ) popular urban insurrection responding to the Gaitán assassination ; ( iii ) guerrilla warfare — first against the Conservative government of Ospina Pérez ; ( iv ) incomplete pacification and negotiation from army General Rojas Pinilla, who deposed Laureano Gómez ; and ( v ) disjointed fighting under the Liberal – Conservative coalition of the " National Front ," from 1958 to 1975.

as such, represented Colombia at the Conference of Chapultepec, and the San Francisco Conference which created the UN, elected that year by the Senate as a presidential candidate, it should have the presidency after the resignation of Lopez, a position he held until the following year, when elections were held which gave victory to conservative candidate Mariano Ospina Pérez.

This institution was conceived strictly as a mining institute, modeled after the School of Mines of the University of California, Berkeley, from which its first directors, Ospina and his brother Tulio Ospina were graduated.

In 1946, after sixteen years of liberal governments, the conservative candidate Mariano Ospina Pérez won the presidency due to a division of the Liberal Party between Gabriel Turbay and Jorge Eliécer Gaitán.

Later, in 1920, during the government of President Marco Fidel Suárez, Ospina was elected by congress as the nation ’ s vice president.

The flight crew was informed that U. S. authorities did not allow Hernando Calvo Ospina, a Colombian journalist traveling on an assignment for Le Monde diplomatique, to fly over U. S. airspace.

Born to Carlos E. Restrepo Ramírez and Soledad Ramírez Ospina on 24 January 1954 in Filandia, the part of the Caldas Department, and he is married to Juana Jeanneth Rubio with whom he has three children.

Ospina was born in Bogotá, on September 18, 1858.

Ospina was born in Medellín, Antioquia on November 24, 1891.

In 1949 he was appointed by President Mariano Ospina Pérez as Colombian Minister of Foreign Affairs but declined the offer ; Valencia however accepted to become Minister of Foreign Affairs on May 25, 1953 during the remainder of the administration of Roberto Urdaneta Arbeláez until General Rojas Pinilla took over.

In the newspaper La Civilización of October 4, 1849 ; Ospina and Caro published the conservative program that became the ideological platform for the new party.

Nevertheless, sectors of the army opposed the agreements, as much of The Uribe as those of Corinto were responsible for attacks against the life of the main leaders ; Iván Marino Ospina, Antonio Navarro, Carlos Pizarro, Marcos Chalita, etc.

The faction of Ospina survived through Misael Pastrana's son Andres Pastrana ; while Alvaro Gómez Hurtado, son of Laureano Gómez, led a dissidential group called the National Salvation Movement.

At that time the Grupo de Cali was formed, which would include Carlos Mayolo, Luis Ospina, Andres Caicedo, Oscar Campo and other documentarists and directors who portrayed a particular sense of place and reality through their work.

He was the private secretary of the President Mariano Ospina Pérez ( 1949-1952 ) and three times a minister during the second liberal presidency of Alberto Lleras Camargo ( 1958-1962 ).

Since 1910, successful businessmen and engineers emerged from the business community of Medellín, as did Ospina, who was a Berkeley-trained mining engineer and an industrial entrepreneur as well as a large-scale agriculturalist.

By then he had fully converted to the liberal party, and as such he was a representative and senator in the Congress, as well as a candidate to presidential reelection in 1857, which he lost to conservative Mariano Ospina Rodríguez.

Rojas was close to Mariano Ospina Pérez and his faction of the Conservative Party as well as to some moderate liberals.

Ospina, as president of the republic between 1922 and 1926, secured the creation of a modern central bank, and in 1928 he created the Bogotá stock exchange.

* January 11 – Mariano Ospina Rodríguez, President of Colombia ( b. 1805 )

In Mexico City, Calvo Ospina was briefly detained and questioned.

Image: Mariano Ospina Pérez. jpg | Mariano Ospina Pérez, President of the Republic of Colombia, 1946 – 1950

It was alleged by Azula Barrera and Colombian President Mariano Ospina Pérez that Betancourt had supported the armed rising at the 1948 Inter-American Conference that followed the assassination of Gaitán.

Twelve years later, in August 1946, Mariano Ospina Pérez assumed office as the first Conservative party President of Colombia — the beginning of the political dysfunction that degenerated to undemocratic authoritarian rule.

Pedro Nel Ospina Vázquez was a Colombian general and political figure.

He was born in the Government Palace, as his father Mariano Ospina Rodríguez was president of Colombia at the time.

Although some, such as Ospina and his nephew Mariano Ospina Pérez, became highly successful in national politics, antioqueño engineers continued to nurture the self-image of the apolitical, economically practical, hardworking paisa.

Here is how Captain Arthur Hastings first describes Poirot:

This is how Agatha Christie describes Poirot in The Murder on the Orient Express in the initial pages:

Herodotus describes how Amasis II would eventually cause a confrontation with the Persian armies.

Alexander's term, " debauched sensory appreciation " describes how the repetition of a circumstance encourages habit design as a person adapts to circumstances or builds skills.

Thucydides describes how Athens's control over the League grew:

According to the majority viewpoint, Acts describes Paul differently from how he describes himself, both factually and theologically.

This describes how the gods revealed to him in a dream the constellations that would be most favorable for the planned construction of a temple.

" The Abyssinians possess also the Ark of the Covenant ", he wrote, and, after a description of the object, describes how the liturgy is celebrated upon the Ark four times a year, " on the feast of the great nativity, on the feast of the glorious Baptism, on the feast of the holy Resurrection, and on the feast of the illuminating Cross.

In the 4th century BC Plato knew oreichalkos as rare and nearly as valuable as gold and Pliny describes how aurichalcum had come from Cypriot ore deposits which had been exhausted by the 1st century AD.

The 4th century BC writer Theopompus, quoted by Strabo, describes how heating earth from Andeira in Turkey produced " droplets of false silver ", probably metallic zinc, which could be used to turn copper into oreichalkos.

This metric contains a scale factor, which describes how the size of the Universe changes with time.

Furthermore, it describes how the density of states is changed on entering the superconducting state, where there are no electronic states any more at the Fermi energy.

The ( n, m ) nanotube naming scheme can be thought of as a vector ( C < sub > h </ sub >) in an infinite graphene sheet that describes how to " roll up " the graphene sheet to make the nanotube.

The definition describes how to produce a light source that ( by definition ) emits one candela.

In his 1806 book Attempt at a Flora ( Försök til en flora ), Retzius describes how chives are used with pancakes, soups, fish and sandwiches.

Retzius also describes how farmers would plant chives between the rocks making up the borders of their flowerbeds, to keep the plants free from pests ( such as Japanese beetles ).

On page 11 of his autobiography Casey at the Bat: The Story of My Life in Baseball ( Random House, 1962 ), Casey Stengel describes how his nickname of " K. C.

* Cortical magnification, describes how many neurons in an area of the visual cortex are ' responsible ' for processing a stimulus of a given size, as a function of visual field location

American media critic Herbert Schiller wrote: " The concept of cultural imperialism today best describes the sum of the processes by which a society is brought into the modern world system and how its dominating stratum is attracted, pressured, forced, and sometimes bribed into shaping social institutions to correspond to, or even promote, the values and structures of the dominating centre of the system.

In his fictional historical essay " The Hyborian Age ", Howard describes how the people of Atlantis — the land where his character King Kull originated — had to move east after a great cataclysm changed the face of the world and sank their island, settling where Ireland and Scotland would eventually be located, Thus they are ( in Howard's work ) the ancestors of the Irish and Scottish ( the Celtic Gaels ) and not the Picts, the other ancestor of modern Scots who also appear in Howard's work.

In it, he puts forth a new theory about the nature of space and describes how this theory influences thinking about architecture, building, planning, and the way in which we view the world in general.

Passive cable theory describes how voltage changes at a particular location on a dendrite transmit this electrical signal through a system of converging dendrite segments of different diameters, lengths, and electrical properties.

For example, the following line from the Aeneid ( VIII. 596 ) describes the movement of rushing horses and how " a hoof shakes the crumbling field with a galloping sound ":