Other historians urge caution regarding claims of Islamic firearms use in the 1204-1324 period as late medieval Arabic texts used the same word for gunpowder, naft, that they used for an earlier incendiary naptha.

Other lesser known groups include the Islamic Liberation Party, Al-Najun min al-nar and Al-Takfir wa al-Hijra and these groups have variously been involved in activities such as attempted assassinations of political figures, arson of video shops and attempted takeovers of government buildings.

Other Islamic scholars at the time, however, argued that the term Qiyas refers to both analogical reasoning and categorical syllogism in a real sense.

Other conspiracy theories suggest that foreign agents, particularly Islamic terrorists, were involved in the bombing.

Other books written by him include a biography of the Islamic prophet Muhammad titled " First and the Last ", while his other books are focused more on the relation between Islam and science like Miraculous Quran, Life After Death and Doomsday, and Kitab-e-Zindagi ( in Urdu ).

Other English legal institutions such as " the scholastic method, the license to teach ", the " law schools known as Inns of Court in England and Madrasas in Islam ” and the " European commenda " ( Islamic Qirad ) may have also originated from Islamic law.

Other scholars, however, both Western and Muslim, argue that the text of the agreement -- whether a single document originally or several -- is possibly one of the oldest Islamic texts we possess.

Other think tanks in Sri Lanka include the Islamic Think Tank and the Sri Lanka Think Tank – UK.

Other works were the Fasl al-Maqal, which argued for the legality of philosophical investigation under Islamic law, and the Kitab al-Kashf, which argued against the proofs of Islam advanced by the Ash ' arite school and discussed what proofs, on the popular level, should be used instead.

Other works were the Fasl al-Maqal, which argued for the legality of philosophical investigation under Islamic law, and the Kitab al-Kashf.

Other higher education facilities include the National School of Administration, and the National Institute of Advanced Islamic Studies.

Some scholars such as S. F. Alatas have noted some parallels between Madrasahs and early European colleges and have thus inferred that the first universities in Europe were influenced by the Madrasahs in Islamic Spain and the Emirate of Sicily .. Other scholars such as George Makdisi, Toby Huff and Norman Daniel, however, have questioned this, citing the lack of evidence for an actual transmission from the Islamic world to Christian Europe and highlighting the differences in the structure, methodologies, procedures, curricula and legal status of the " Islamic college " ( madrasa ) versus the European university.

Other issues include the Islamic dietary laws.

Other houses of worship are also common, reflecting the cultural diversity existing in Australia ; the oldest Islamic structure in the southern hemisphere is the Central Adelaide Mosque ( built in the 1880s ), and one of the largest Buddhist Temples in the southern hemisphere is Wollongong's Nan Tien Temple.

# Marxism and Other Western Fallacies: An Islamic Critique

Other centers for innovative pottery in the Islamic world included Fustat ( from 975 to 1075 ), Damascus ( from 1100 to around 1600 ) and Tabriz ( from 1470 to 1550 ).

Other important developments in early Islamic philosophy include the development of a strict science of citation, the isnad or " backing ", and the development of a scientific method of open inquiry to disprove claims, the ijtihad, which could be generally applied to many types of questions.

Other Islamic scholars at the time, however, argued that the term Qiyas refers to both analogical reasoning and categorical syllogism in a real sense.

Other civil codes used since ancient times include various texts used in religious laws, such as the Law of Manu in Hindu law, the Mishnah in Jewish Halakha law, the Canons of the Apostles in Christian Canon law, and the Qur ' an and Sunnah in Islamic Sharia law to some extent.

Other more radical movements such as Jama ' atul Mujahideen Bangladesh embrace militant Islamic ideology.

Other genres include much religious verse, from devotional works to biblical paraphrase ; elegies such as The Wanderer, The Seafarer, and The Ruin ( often taken to be a description of the ruins of Bath ); and numerous proverbs, riddles, and charms.

Other activities include religious discussions, devotional singing, mass feeding of holy men and women and the poor, and religious assemblies where doctrines are debated and standardized.

Other songs include the religious thabal chongba, the classical nat music performed at various special occasions, the women's devotional napi pala songs, Gaur Padas, sung in praise of Chaitanya Mahaprabhu and dhob, sung accompanied by the jhal, a large cymbal.

Other akathists have been composed to Christ and to various saints as well ; while not part of any prescribed service, these may be prayed as a devotional hymn at any time.

Other archaeologists think instead that the main purpose of the road system was a religious one, providing pathways for periodic pilgrimages and facilitating regional gatherings for seasonal ceremonies.

# Other Catholic practices that drew the ire of reformers within the Church, such as indulgences, pilgrimages, the veneration of saints and relics, and the veneration of the Virgin Mary were strongly reaffirmed, though abuses of them, such as the sale of indulgences, were forbidden.

Other changes include the simplification of god pot designs, the non-existence of once very important pilgrimages to particular sites ( because they have been desecrated ), disappearance of bloodletting, and rarity of polygyny.

Other practices that drew the ire of Protestant reformers, such as pilgrimages, the veneration of saints and relics, and the veneration of the Virgin Mary were strongly reaffirmed as spiritually commendable practices.

Other pilgrimages may center on a pilgrimage to a single site.

Other punishment's included forced pilgrimages and confiscation of property.

Other, minor pilgrimages occur throughout the year.

Other areas of the country, particularly the north and north-west regions, lack even basic analogue land line phones.

Other rewards were bestowed by foreign states, particularly the Ottoman Emperor Selim III, who made Nelson the first Knight Commander of the newly created Order of the Crescent, presented him with a chelengk, a diamond studded Rose, a sable fur and numerous other valuable presents.

Other sources state that Dada did not originate fully in a Zurich literary salon but grew out of an already vibrant artistic tradition in Eastern Europe, particularly Romania, that transposed to Switzerland when a group of Jewish modernist artists ( Tzara, Marcel & Iuliu Iancu, Arthur Segal, and others ) settled in Zurich.

Other scholars refute these arguments — particularly since Josephus describes some Essenes as allowing marriage.

Other independent companies were grouped under the Mutual banner in 1912, and there were also important new entrants, particularly the Jesse Lasky Feature Play Company, and Famous Players, which were both formed in 1913 to take advantage of the fact that films could reproduce the real substance of a stage play ( plus embellishments ), and so the best plays and actors from the legitimate stage could be enticed into films.

Other good examples of this technique for eliminating several yards of waste space and a few seconds of waste time can be seen in Ralph Ince's films, particularly The Right Girl ( 1915 ), and by 1919 it was widely diffused in American films, but not in those made in Europe.

Other commentators place the Holocene – Anthropocene boundary at the industrial revolution while also saying that " Formal adoption of this term in the near future will largely depend on its utility, particularly to earth scientists working on late Holocene successions.

Other principles such as Accountability have sometimes been proposed for addition – it has been pointed out that issues such as Non-Repudiation do not fit well within the three core concepts, and as regulation of computer systems has increased ( particularly amongst the Western nations ) Legality is becoming a key consideration for practical security installations.

Other mechanisms for circularization exist, particularly in virus mRNA.

Other locomotives, particularly large models, used steam.

Other drugs which are not structurally related to methadone are also used in maintenance treatment, particularly Subutex ( buprenorphine ) and Suboxone ( buprenorphine combined with naloxone ).

Other forms of Wicca have also attracted queer people, for instance, the theologian Jone Salomonsen noted that there was an unusually high number of LGBT, and particularly bisexual individuals within the Reclaiming tradition of San Francisco when she was doing her fieldwork there in the 1980s and 1990s.

Other pearls from giant clams are known to exist, but this is a particularly large one, weighing 14 lb ( 6. 4 kg ).

Other recusants and martyrs are represented in the Forty Martyrs of England and Wales and amongst the Jacobites, such as the Earls of Derwentwater, particularly those ennobled in the Jacobite Peerage.

Other considerations of the rules of international law, particularly those prohibiting the use of force and the acquisition of territory, are also relevant in that the Soviet authorities and, subsequently, the Azerbaijani government applied use of military and paramilitary force in ethnic cleansing initiatives like Operation Ring, while the Armenian community of Nagorno-Karabakh established militia forces to resist further pogroms and defend the civilian population by repelling Azeri forces.

Other sources of income include coconut plantations, tin mining, and tourism, which is particularly lucrative on Phuket Island.

Other Norse people, particularly those from the area that is now modern-day Sweden and Norway, continued south to the Black Sea and then on to Constantinople.

Other variations on the basic design are found around the world, particularly in the choice of resonator, for example:

Other ways of classifying the vertebrates have been devised, particularly with emphasis on the phylogeny on early amphibians and reptiles.

Other parts that are eaten include the oxtail, tongue, tripe from the reticulum or rumen, glands ( particularly the pancreas and thymus, referred to as sweetbread ), the heart, the brain ( although forbidden where there is a danger of bovine spongiform encephalopathy, BSE ), the liver, the kidneys, and the tender testicles of the bull ( known in the US as calf fries, prairie oysters, or Rocky Mountain oysters ).

Other arguments for the iatrogenic position, include the lack of children diagnosed with DID, the sudden spike in incidence after 1980 ( although DID was not a diagnosis until DSM-IV, published in 1994 ), the absence of evidence of increased rates of child abuse, the appearance of the disorder almost exclusively in individuals undergoing psychotherapy, particularly involving hypnosis, the presences of bizarre alternate identities ( such as those claiming to be animals or mythological creatures ) and an increase in the number of alternate identities over time ( as well as an initial increase in their number as psychotherapy begins in DID-oriented therapy.

Other strong allusions to The Lord of the Rings exist as well, particularly the incorporeal and invisible Dark Lord, the dark home realm of Mordor compared to Thakan ' dar ( as well as Shayol Ghul to the fiery pit of Mount Doom ).

Other powers, particularly the Austrian Habsburgs, who had the next closest claims, objected to such a vast increase in French power.

Other Protestant Christian denominations also engage in monasticism, particularly Lutherans in Europe and North America.