Some adaptations of the Latin alphabet are augmented with ligatures, such as æ in Old English and Icelandic and Ȣ in Algonquian ; by borrowings from other alphabets, such as the thorn þ in Old English and Icelandic, which came from the Futhark runes ; and by modifying existing letters, such as the eth ð of Old English and Icelandic, which is a modified d. Other alphabets only use a subset of the Latin alphabet, such as Hawaiian, and Italian, which uses the letters j, k, x, y and w only in foreign words.

Other notable 17th-century outbreaks were the Italian Plague ( 1629 – 1631 ); the Great Plague of Seville ( 1647 – 1652 ); the Great Plague of London ( 1665 – 1666 ); and the Great Plague of Vienna ( 1679 ).

Other dance styles, such as the Italian and Spanish dances of the period are much less well studied than either English country dance or the French style.

Other utilitarian-type views include the claims that the end of action is survival and growth, as in evolutionary ethics ( the 19th-century English philosopher Herbert Spencer ); the experience of power, as in despotism ( the 16th-century Italian political philosopher Niccolò Machiavelli and the 19th-century German Friedrich Nietzsche ); satisfaction and adjustment, as in pragmatism ( 20th-century American philosophers Ralph Barton Perry and John Dewey ); and freedom, as in existentialism ( the 20th-century French philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre ).

Other notational traditions do exist ; Italian solo music is typically written at the sounding pitch, and the " old " German method sounded an octave below where notation except in the treble clef, where the music was written at pitch.

Other noteworthy recent Italian films include: Jona che visse nella balena directed by Roberto Faenza, Il grande cocomero by Francesca Archibugi, Il mestiere delle armi by Olmi, L ' ora di religione by Marco Bellocchio, Il ladro di bambini, Lamerica, Le chiavi di casa by Gianni Amelio, Io non ho paura by Gabriele Salvatores, Le fate ignoranti, La finestra di fronte by Ferzan Özpetek, La bestia nel cuore by Cristina Comencini.

Other students have noted a range of textual similarities between passages in the Gospel of Barnabas, and variously the texts of a series of late medieval vernacular harmonies of the four canonical gospels ( in Middle English and Middle Dutch, but especially in Middle Italian ); which are all speculated as deriving from a lost Vetus Latina version of the Diatessaron of Tatian.

Other students argue that the Spanish version came first, regarding the Spanish preface's claims of an Italian source as intended to boost the work's credibility by linking it to the Papal libraries.

Other aspects in Italian are rendered with other periphrases, like prospective ( io sto per mangiare " I'm about to eat ", io starò per mangiare " I shall be about to eat "), or continuous / progressive ( io sto mangiando " I'm eating ", io starò mangiando " I shall be eating ").

Other notable lakes in the Italian peninsula are Trasimeno, Bolsena, Bracciano, Vico, Varano and Lesina in Gargano and Omodeo in Sardinia.

Other examples where Italian is sometimes used as a means of communication are in some sports ( sometimes in football and motorsports ) and in the design and fashion industries.

Other research has also concluded that later medieval armour, such as that of the Italian city state mercenary companies, was effective at stopping contemporary arrows.

Other parts of Northern Europe did not have the advantage of such intense contact with Italian artists, but the Mannerist style made its presence felt through prints and illustrated books, the purchases of Italian works by rulers, and others, artists ' travels to Italy, and the example of individual Italian artists working in the North is called Northern Mannerism.

Other ideas are behind the German expressions formelles Recht ( or Prozeßrecht ) and materielles Recht as well as the French droit formel / droit matériel, the Italian diritto formale / diritto material and the Swedish formell rätt / materiell rätt ; all of which, taken literally, means " formal " and " material " law.

Other transnational competitions include the Pro 12, involving Irish, Italian, Scottish and Welsh teams ; The Rugby Championship, involving South African, Australian, New Zealand and Argentinian Teams ; and the Heineken Cup, involving the top European teams from their respective domestic competitions.

Other versions treat the Round Table differently, for instance Italian Arthurian works often distinguish between the " Old Table " of Uther's time and Arthur's " New Table.

Other Italian poets of the time, including Dante Alighieri ( 1265 – 1321 ) and Guido Cavalcanti ( c. 1250 – 1300 ) wrote sonnets, but the most famous early sonneteer was Petrarca ( known in English as Petrarch ).

Other Italian producers are Riccadonna, Boissiere, Gallo, and Gancia.

Other starting dates sometimes used for World War II include the Italian invasion of Abyssinia on 3 October 1935.

Other estimates of Italian casualties were: by UK War Office in 1922, Dead 460, 000 and by the US War Dept in 1924 650, 000 killed and died Civilian deaths exceeded the prewar level by 1, 021, 000.

Other languages spell the letter's name in a similar way: zeta in Italian, Spanish and Icelandic, zäta in Swedish, zet in Dutch, Polish, Romanian and Czech, zæt in Danish, zett in Norwegian and German, zède in French, and zê in Portuguese.

Other well-known classical ballet styles include the Paris Opera Ballet School Method, Russian Method, Italian Method, Danish Method, Balanchine method, Cecchetti method, and Royal Academy of Dance and Royal Ballet School Methods.

Other classic but now defunct sports car races include the Italian classics, the Targa Florio ( 1906 – 1977 ) and Mille Miglia ( 1927 – 1957 ), and the Mexican Carrera Panamericana.

Other than the previously mentioned use as a biological control for pests, the cane toad has been employed in a number of commercial and noncommercial applications.

Other scholars stress the omnipotence of the State ( with its consequent suspension of rights ) as the key element of a dictatorship and argue that such concentration of power can be legitimate or not depending on the circumstances, objectives and methods employed.

Other regional variants of the Greek alphabet ( epichoric alphabets ), in dialects that still preserved the sound / h /, employed various glyph shapes for consonantal Heta side by side with the new vocalic Eta for some time.

Other sub-strategies include those employed by Commodity Trading Advisors ( CTA ), where the fund trades in futures ( or options ) in commodity markets or in swaps.

Other devices employed in microphotonics include micromirrors and photonic wire waveguides.

Other forces — skirmishers, range troops, reserves of allied hoplites, archers, and artillery — were also employed.

Other input / output RGB devices may also have nonlinear responses, depending on the technology employed.

Other major artists to receive Francis ' patronage include the goldsmith Benvenuto Cellini and the painters Rosso, Romano and Primaticcio, all of whom were employed in decorating Francis ' various palaces and were exceedingly loyal.

Other fuels besides wood can also be employed, sometimes with the addition of flavoring ingredients.

Other Sprague electric inventions about this time greatly improved grid electric distribution ( prior work done while employed by Thomas Edison ), allowed power from electric motors to be returned to the electric grid, provided for electric distribution to trolleys via overhead wires and the trolley pole, and provided controls systems for electric operations.

Other " noninvasive " devices which can be employed to assist in tracheal intubation are the laryngeal mask airway ( used as a conduit for endotracheal tube placement ) and the AirTraq.

Other models, from other manufacturers, soon followed ; each of these had unique design features intended to be, and promoted as being, more effective than the basic toothbrush design that had been employed for years.

Other forms of pain management may also be employed.

Other counts palatine were employed on military and administrative work.

Other well-known firms are Philips ( with about 1, 200 employed at times ) or Siemens AG and Siemens VDO or the Sancura BKK, a supraregional health insurance company, which is fusioned with the Taunus BKK.

Other members formed Free Radical Design, and by 2004, four of the team of nine who originally worked on GoldenEye 007 were employed there.

Other pentacles for the evocation of spirits are also employed in the Golden Dawn system ; these are engraved with the name and sigil of the spirit to be invoked, inside three concentric circles, having painted on their reverse a circle and cross like a celtic cross.

Other types of ' branding ' are also employed to bring surrounding places into the Barnsley orbit, such as the use of the Barnsley coat of arms on street signs which are well beyond the boundaries of the town itself.

Other games that employed the code wheel system include games from Accolade like Star Control.

Other pluggers were employed by the publishers to travel and familiarize the public with their new publications.

As a placeholder name, A. N. Other is commonly employed in lists of cricket players, where players ' names are traditionally listed as initials and surname ( e. g., I. T. Botham ), for players whose names have not yet been announced, or that are unknown.

Other features may be employed to represent the chords, harmonies, melody, main pitch, beats per minute or rhythm in the piece.

Other significant features employed as motifs include columns, piers and arches, organized and interwoven with alternating sequences of niches and colonnettes.

Other key pieces include " North American Time Capsule " ( 1966 ), which employed a prototype vocoder to isolate and manipulate elements of speech ; Music On A Long Thin Wire ( 1977 ), in which a piano wire is strung across a room and activated by an amplified oscillator and magnets on either end, producing changing overtones and sounds ; Crossings ( 1982 ), in which tones play across a steadily rising sine wave producing interference beats ; Still and Moving Lines of Silence in Families of Hyperbolas ( 1973 – 74 ), in which the interference tones between sine waves create " troughs " and " valleys " of sound and silence ; and Clocker ( 1978 ), which uses biofeedback and reverberation.