Other organisms previously included in the field of botany include bacteria, ( studied in bacteriology ), fungi, ( mycology ) including lichen-forming fungi ( lichenology ), non-chlorophyte algae ( phycology ) and viruses ( virology ).

Other studies indicate that these subcuticular bacteria may be both abundant within their hosts and widely distributed among the Echinoderms in general.

Other motivations for their study is to understand symbiosis, and to understand how bacteria with severely depleted genomes are able to survive, thus improving our knowledge of genetics and molecular biology.

Other functions include digesting foreign bacteria ( or other forms of waste ) that invade a cell and helping repair damage to the plasma membrane by serving as a membrane patch, sealing the wound.

Other sinusitis-causing bacterial pathogens include Staphylococcus aureus and other streptococci species, anaerobic bacteria and, less commonly, gram negative bacteria.

Other bacteria, such as Spirochetes, have a specialized type of flagellum called an " axial filament " that is located in the periplasmic space, the rotation of which causes the entire bacterium to move forward in a corkscrew-like motion.

Other examples include rhizobia bacteria that fix nitrogen for leguminous plants ( family Fabaceae ) in return for energy-containing carbohydrates.

Other dangers associated with geophagia include damage to tooth enamel, the ingestion of a variety of bacteria, various forms of soil contamination, and intestinal obstruction.

Other bacteria such as non – group A beta-hemolytic streptococci and fusobacterium may also cause pharyngitis.

Other reports indicate that shuriken may have been buried in dirt or animal feces and allowed to harbor the bacterium Clostridium tetani — if the point penetrated a victim deeply enough, the bacteria transferred into the wound could cause a then-incurable tetanus infection.

Other antimicrobial peptides are present in these granules, including lactoferrin, which sequesters iron to provide unfavourable growth conditions for bacteria.

Other organisms that might merit the term include certain Pteromalid gall wasps that abort host plant inflorescences, seed weevils, certain plants largely regarded as parasitic, and certain bacteria and viruses ( e. g., bacteriophages ), in relationships where the beneficiaries obligately destroy their hosts.

Other bacteria used in inoculants include Lactobacillus buchneri, Enterococcus faecium and Pediococcus species.

Other studies have found that soaps containing antimicrobial active ingredients remove more bacteria than simply washing with plain soap and water.

Other bacteria, such as some of the Bacillus genus, have alternative FabI genes ( FabK ) to which triclosan does not bind and hence are less susceptible.

Other signals include TNF-alpha and lipopolysaccharides from bacteria.

Other people accidentally ingest spores of the bacteria while they are patients in a hospital, nursing home, or similar facility.

Other bacteria simply use sialic acid as a good nutrient source, as it contains both carbon and nitrogen and can be converted to fructose-6-phosphate, which can then enter central metabolism.

Other organisms require additional metals as enzyme cofactors, such as vanadium in the nitrogenase of the nitrogen-fixing bacteria of the genus Azotobacter, tungsten in the aldehyde ferredoxin oxidoreductase of the thermophilic archaean Pyrococcus furiosus, and even cadmium in the carbonic anhydrase from the marine diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii.

Other conditions that result in high number of bacteria entering into the bloodstream include Colorectal cancer ( mostly Streptococcus bovis ), serious urinary tract infections ( mostly enterococci ), and drug injection ( Staphylococcus aureus ).

( These anti-viral vaccines are not further discussed in the rest of this article ) Other cancers are to some extent caused by bacterial infections ( e. g. stomach cancer and Helicobacter pylori ) and traditional vaccines against cancer causing bacteria are also not currently discussed in this article.

Other causal organisms, in order of prevalence, include staphylococci, coliform bacteria, anaerobic bacteria, Chlamydia, Mycoplasma and very rarely, Clostridium welchii.

Other thicknesses may necessitate ripping a special size lumber for the glass trim.

Other herpetologists have ascertained that in the northern United States the prairie rattlesnake may not give first birth until it is four or even five years old, and that the young may be born every other year, rather than annually.

Other theories of origin are compatible with the formulaic theory: Beowulf may contain a design for terror, and The Iliad may have a vast hysteron-proteron pattern answering to a ceramic pattern produced during the Geometric Period in pottery.

Other countries which may willingly or unwillingly become Communist can furnish bases.

Other factors that may inhibit metamorphosis include lack of food, lack of trace elements and competition from conspecifics.

Other languages may use a Semitic abjad with mandatory vowel diacritics, effectively making them abugidas.

Other varieties in style may have distinguished between arbitrary groups within a culture, perhaps defining status, gender, clan or guild affiliation, religious belief or cultural alliances.

Other languages, such as Thai Sign Language, developed as a creole of ASL and indigenous sign ; a similar situation may have occurred with Malaysian Sign Language, which in turn was the base of Indonesian Sign Language.

Other actions may be selected by the student, tailored to their interests or work activities such as hobbies, computer use, lifting, driving or performance in acting, sports, speech or music.

Other approaches may include a more physical approach, following the teachings of Jerzy Grotowski and others, or may be based on the training developed by other theatre practitioners including Sanford Meisner.

Other classes may include mask work, improvisation, and acting for the camera.

Other software may use alpha blended transparent elements in the GUI independently of OS provided APIs by precomposing elements in an off-screen memory buffer before displaying them.

Other conservative Lutherans, however, may favor High Church Lutheranism which remains generally favorable to the traditional doctrine of Apostolic Succession ( see above ).

Other medications that are not usually called antidepressants, including antipsychotics in low doses and benzodiazepines, may be used to manage depression, although the use of benzodiazepines can cause a physical dependence.

Other than liver cancer, these are the same conditions the US Veteran's Administration has determined may be associated with exposure to Agent Orange / dioxin, and are on the list of conditions eligible for compensation and treatment .< ref name =" va-03-2010 ">

Other Roman emperors, including Geta and Alexander Severus, were followers of the medical teachings of Serenus Sammonicus and may have used the incantation as well.

Other garden bridges may cross only a dry bed of stream washed pebbles, intended only to convey an impression of a stream.

Other hitters may have a history of success against a given pitcher ( or vice versa ), and the manager may use this information to create a favorable

Other countries may mandate the use of seat belts.

Other malted and unmalted grains ( including wheat, rice, oats, and rye, and, less frequently, corn and sorghum ) may be used.

Other elements, however, may be viewed as bacterial parasites and conjugation as a mechanism evolved by them to allow for their spread.