Other utilitarian-type views include the claims that the end of action is survival and growth, as in evolutionary ethics ( the 19th-century English philosopher Herbert Spencer ); the experience of power, as in despotism ( the 16th-century Italian political philosopher Niccolò Machiavelli and the 19th-century German Friedrich Nietzsche ); satisfaction and adjustment, as in pragmatism ( 20th-century American philosophers Ralph Barton Perry and John Dewey ); and freedom, as in existentialism ( the 20th-century French philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre ).

David Couzens Hoy states that Emmanuel Levinas's writings on the face of the Other and Derrida's meditations on the relevance of death to ethics are signs of the " ethical turn " in Continental philosophy that occurred in the 1980s and 1990s.

Other words that derive from ethos include ethics and ethical.

Other unanswered questions relate to the ethics, logistics, economics, politics, and methodology of altering the environment of an extraterrestrial world.

Other competitions evolved from these formats include competitions testing knowledge in the Bible, Latin, modern foreign languages, nursing, business ethics, Black History, athletic training, cooking, and hundreds of other specialties.

Other committees, boards, and commissions include the board of appeals, board of police commissioners, board of reviews, building board, board of ethics, the fair housing commission, and the historic preservation committee.

Blanchot's later work in particular is influenced by Levinasian ethics and the question of responsibility to the Other.

Other proponents of virtue theory, notably Alasdair MacIntyre, respond to this objection by arguing that any account of the virtues must indeed be generated out of the community in which those virtues are to be practiced: the very word ' ethics ' implies ' ethos '.

Other important contemporary Aristotelian theorists include Fred D. Miller, Jr. in politics and Rosalind Hursthouse in ethics.

Other types of political patronage may violate the laws or ethics codes, such as when political leaders engage in nepotism ( hiring family members ) and cronyism such as fraudulently awarding non-competitive government contracts to friends or relatives or pressuring the public service to hire an unqualified family member or friend.

For Levinas, the foundation of ethics consists in the obligation to respond to the Other.

For Derrida, the foundation of ethics is hospitality, the readiness and the inclination to welcome the Other into one's home.

Levinas's and Derrida's theories of ethics and hospitality hold out the possibility of an acceptance of the Other as different but of equal standing.

Other areas have de facto local ethics prohibiting certain activity.

Other ethical issues ( shared with genetic engineering in general ) involve the legal and moral status of a hybrid individual or race, whether the decision-making power over its creation should lie with governments or individuals, whether a distinction should be drawn between strictly medical treatments ( restoring lost function ) and those enhancing humans above some " normal " standard, whether medical ethics allow doctors to offer parahuman-related treatments, and whether xenotransplantation poses risks of cross-species disease transfer.

Denniston et al., eds., Springer, 2012 ), " Promoting Genital Autonomy by Exploring Commonalities Between Male, Female, Intersex, and Cosmetic Female Genital Cutting ," Global Discourse, Summer 2012, " A Rose By Any Other Name: Rethinking the Similarities and Differences between Male and Female Genital Cutting ," in Fearful Symmetries: Essays and Testimonies Around Excision and Circumcision, edited by Chantal Zabus ( Rodopi, 2009 ); Van Howe R, Svoboda JS, " Neonatal pain relief and the Helsinki Declaration ," Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 2008: 36: 803-823 ; http :// www. cirp. org / library / ethics / hodges3 / " Prophylactic Interventions on Children: Balancing Human Rights with Public Health "

Other programs and services include a mentoring program, one-on-one publication critique, scholarships for college and graduate students, a guide to freelance writers, an ethics committee to hear complaints, and the “ EPA on campus ” program which sends working journalists into classrooms to talk about their work.

Other notable actions of his term include a strict new ethics law and a comprehensive death penalty reform bill that was written by Barack Obama in his capacity as a state senator, and the late Senator Paul M. Simon.

Other organizations have sprung up which do their peer review entirely free and online, such as Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research ( JAIR ), Journal of Machine Learning Research ( JMLR ) and the Journal of Research and Practice in Information Technology.

Other contemporary Christian writers do not describe monarchial bishops-either continuing to equate them with the presbyters or speaking of episkopoi ( bishops, plural ) in a city.

Other countries though do not have the reporting requirement that the U. S. does concerning proceeds from barter transactions, but taxation is handled the same way as a cash transaction.

Other Member States do not provide the option of a debt discharge.

Other scholars have responded that Banquo's dreams have less to do with killing the king and more to do with Macbeth.

Other forms of continuity do exist but they are not discussed in this article.

" Other, more radical critiques of development studies, have to do with the field of study itself.

Other libraries do not install content control software, believing that acceptable use policies and educational efforts address the issue of children accessing age-inappropriate content while preserving adult users ' right to freely access information.

Other Christian denominations do not view monogamous same-sex relationships as sinful or immoral, and may bless such unions and consider them marriages.

Other significant contrasts were seen in regards to " liberal " versus " conservative " social positions, as well as in one ’ s understanding of God, with 43 % of homosexual participants sharing the " orthodox, biblical " understanding of God which 71 % of heterosexual participants indicate they do.

Other churches perform ceremonies blessing same sex unions, but do not refer to them as marriages.

Other well known Sangiovese-based Tuscan wines such as Brunello di Montalcino and Vino Nobile di Montepulciano could be bottled and labeled under the most basic designation of " Chianti " if their producers chose to do so.

" Other critics of the FAO data point out that they do not distinguish between forest types, and that they are based largely on reporting from forestry departments of individual countries, which do not take into account unofficial activities like illegal logging.

Other notational traditions do exist ; Italian solo music is typically written at the sounding pitch, and the " old " German method sounded an octave below where notation except in the treble clef, where the music was written at pitch.

Other projects can be planned with a project network, but do not have access to true and timely actual cost data.

Other fox species do not reproduce as readily as the red fox, and are endangered in their native environments.

Other types of trigger locks do not go behind the trigger, but encompass the full area behind the trigger guard making the trigger inaccessible.

Deciding to author a book on the subject, he wrote Keris and Other Malay Weapons, being encouraged to do so by anthropologist friends ; it would subsequently edited into a readable form by Betty Lumsden Milne and published by the Singapore-based Progressive Publishing Company in 1936.

Other scholars of the Hebrides and inhabitants of the region do not consider this a myth, as there are sufficient records in both the oral tradition and the written compilation of those records that predate both Pennant and Anton by a century or more that preserve the history of this tradition.

Other types of saddles, such as racing saddles, Australian saddles, sidesaddles and endurance saddles do not necessarily fit neatly in either category.

Other types of infectious / transmissible / communicable diseases with more specialized routes of infection, such as vector transmission or sexual transmission, are usually not regarded as " contagious ," and often do not require medical isolation ( sometimes loosely called quarantine ) of victims.

Other principles such as Accountability have sometimes been proposed for addition – it has been pointed out that issues such as Non-Repudiation do not fit well within the three core concepts, and as regulation of computer systems has increased ( particularly amongst the Western nations ) Legality is becoming a key consideration for practical security installations.

Other 15th century manuscripts, such as The Book of Fermoy also contain interesting materials, as do such later syncretic works such as Geoffrey Keating's Foras Feasa ar Éirinn ( The History of Ireland ) ( ca.