Other philosophers, however, have suggested that consciousness would not be necessary for any functional advantage in evolutionary processes.

Other utilitarian-type views include the claims that the end of action is survival and growth, as in evolutionary ethics ( the 19th-century English philosopher Herbert Spencer ); the experience of power, as in despotism ( the 16th-century Italian political philosopher Niccolò Machiavelli and the 19th-century German Friedrich Nietzsche ); satisfaction and adjustment, as in pragmatism ( 20th-century American philosophers Ralph Barton Perry and John Dewey ); and freedom, as in existentialism ( the 20th-century French philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre ).

Other reported evolutionary trends in other populations include a lengthening of the reproductive period, reduction in cholesterol levels, blood glucose and blood pressure.

Other characteristics of a star are determined by its evolutionary history, including diameter, rotation, movement and temperature.

Other proponents of emergentist or generative philosophy, cognitive sciences and evolutionary psychology, argue that determinism is true.

Other theories suggest that mental illness could have evolutionary advantages for the species, including in enhancing creativity.

Other eukaryotic taxa have experienced one or more polyploidization events during their evolutionary history ( see Albertin and Marullo, 2012 for review ).

Other evolutionary biologists have had similar thoughts to Huxley: G. Ledyard Stebbins and Bernhard Rensch, for example.

Other new adaptations within various families allowed species to occupy previously unused evolutionary niches.

Other disciplines, such as evolutionary psychology, behavior genetics, behavioral neuroscience, epigenetics, etc., take a nature-nurture interactionism approach to understand behavior or cultural phenomena.

Other recent research highlights include studies of the effects of sleep and sleep loss on human cognitive functioning, work to advance shock compression science with contracts awarded to the WSU Institute for Shock Physics by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency ( DARPA ) and the Department of Energy, and a program funded by the National Science Foundation that trains doctoral students to analyze evolutionary processes.

Other topics mentioned include the evolution of the brain ( with emphasis on the function of the neocortex in humans ), the evolutionary purpose of sleep and dreams, demonstration of sign language abilities by chimps and the purpose of mankind's innate fears and myths.

Other journals combine aspects of evolutionary biology with other related fields.

Other perspectives on modularity come from evolutionary psychology, particularly from the work of Leda Cosmides and John Tooby.

Other noteworthy members of its editorial board include Oxford University evolutionary biologist Richard Dawkins, Pulitzer Prize-winning scientist Jared Diamond, magician and escape artist-turned educator James “ The Amazing ” Randi, and actor, comedian, and Saturday Night Live alumna Julia Sweeney.

Other debates between evolutionary systematists and cladists are not about the underlying approach, but on details.

Other 19th century proponents of pre-Darwinian evolutionary ideas included Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, Robert Grant, and Robert Chambers who anonymously published the book Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation.

Other names for evolutionary ideas used in this period include the development hypothesis ( one of the terms used by Darwin ) and the theory of regular gradation, used by William Chilton in the periodical press such as The Oracle of Reason.

Other kinds of evolution include evolutionary algorithms ( which include genetic algorithms ) which attempt to mimic processes similar to biological evolution in a computer program, most frequently as an optimization technique and as an experimental framework for the computational modelling of evolution.

Other global ( and / or evolutionary ) optimization techniques may be used to seek a good set of weights such as Simulated annealing or Particle swarm optimization.

Other forms of communication are too recent and unlikely to have posed evolutionary pressures that could have shaped our brain in their direction.

Other medical journal articles have discussed additional aspects of this possible link between vasovagal syncope and evolutionary fitness in blood-injection-injury phobias.

Other Marx-scholars, such as Makoto Itoh, take a more evolutionary view.

Other methods for determining starting values and optimal values in their own right come from stochastic methods, the most commonly known of these being evolutionary algorithms and particularly genetic algorithms.

This stems largely from the “ junk-food hypothesis ” representing a shift in their diet from fatty herring and capelin to leaner fare like pollock and flounder, thereby limiting their ability to consume and store fat. Other hypotheses include increased predation by orcas, indirect effects of prey species composition shifts due to changes in climate, effects of disease or contaminants, shooting by fishermen, and others.

Other interesting findings probably linking reelin pathway to developmental hypotheses of schizophrenia are noted in the studies on mice that are either prenatally infected with influenza virus or have their immune system activated artificially during pregnancy.

Other hypotheses contend that there were numerous waves of migration to the Americas.

Other hypotheses that have been proffered in order to deal with the synoptic problem include, the oral transmission ( synoptic problem ), the Lindsey hypothesis ( 1963 ), Jerusalem school hypothesis ( 1973 ), the logia translation hypothesis ( 1998 ) and the progressive publication of Matthew hypothesis.

Other hypotheses propose a mishearing of the Morse code by the Santiago operator.

Other frameworks consider a much more restricted class of learning algorithms than Turing machines, for example learners that compute hypotheses more quickly, for instance in polynomial time.

Other hypotheses have been tried in the past, including an etymology that would define the tragedy as an ode to beer.

Other hypotheses of genetic etiology have also been formulated.

Other hypotheses identify Catanzaro's development to have grown from various settlements scattered in the area of Catanzaro, Marina, Tiriolo ( formerly Teure ), Santa Maria di Catanzaro, and on the hill Trivonà ( Trischines, along the valley of Corach which formed the old " Land of Feaco ").

Other explanations include hypotheses that stereotypy discharges tension or expresses frustration, that it communicates a need for attention or reinforcement or sensory stimulation, that it is learned or neuropathological or some combination of the two, or that it is normal behavior with no particular explanation needed.

Other controversial hypotheses on the origins of these ruins have also been circulated in South Africa:

Other hypotheses include protection from ambient temperature, infections, skin cancer or frostbite, an alteration in food, and sexual selection.

Other hypotheses for the spaces, such as an otic sensory organ housing, have been tossed around with little support.

Other hypotheses for the origin of AIDS have been proposed.

Other sources of information include the National Concrete Masonry Association, 38 South Dearborn Street, Chicago, Ill., the Portland Cement Association, 33 West Grand Avenue, Chicago, Ill., and the Structural Clay Products Association, Washington, D.C..

Other factors increasing operating costs include the higher unit cost of each flying hour, up 11% in two years, and of each steaming hour, up 15%.

Other memberships include the American Watercolor Society, Philadelphia Water Color Club, Allied Artists of America, Audubon Artists, Baltimore Watercolor Society.

Other nuts consumed in lesser quantity include the spicy nutmeg ; ;

Other speakers for the fund-raising dinner include Reps. Edith Green and Al Ullman, Labor Commissioner Norman Nilsen and Mayor Terry Schrunk, all Democrats.

Other triumphs include `` Random Harvest '', `` Madame Curie '', `` Pride and Prejudice '', `` The Forsythe Saga '' and `` Mrs. Miniver '' ( which won her the Academy Award in 1943 ).

Other known writers will contribute to the emergence of Algerian literature whom include Mouloud Feraoun, Malek Bennabi, Malek Haddad, Moufdi Zakaria, Ibn Badis, Mohamed Laïd Al-Khalifa, Mouloud Mammeri, Frantz Fanon, and Assia Djebar.

Other Algerian singers of the diaspora include Manel Filali in Germany and Kenza Farah in France. Cheb Hasni an emblematic figure for the Algerian youth, killed by Algerian civil war | terrorists in 1993

Other influential writers in the 1970s include Pierre Clastres, who explains in his books on the Guayaki tribe in Paraguay that " primitive societies " actively oppose the institution of the state.

Other male lovers of Apollo include:

Other factors that may inhibit metamorphosis include lack of food, lack of trace elements and competition from conspecifics.

Other changes include the reduction in size or loss of tail fins, the closure of gill slits, thickening of the skin, the development of eyelids, and certain changes in dentition and tongue structure.

Other calls include those given by a female in response to the advertisement call and a release call given by a male or female during unwanted attempts at amplexus.

Other medical devices and aids that can be considered prosthetics include hearing aids, artificial eyes, palatal obturator, gastric bands, and dentures.

Other numerically important groups include the closely interrelated Chokwe and Lunda, the Ganguela and Nhaneca-Humbe, in both cases classification terms which stand for a variety of small groups, the Ovambo, the Herero, the Xindonga and scattered residual groups of Khoisan.

Other choice axioms weaker than axiom of choice include the Boolean prime ideal theorem and the axiom of uniformization.

Other parts of the world that Aztlan Underground have performed include Canada, Australia, and Venezuela.

Other terms that have been used include neosyllabary ( Février 1959 ), pseudo-alphabet ( Householder 1959 ), semisyllabary ( Diringer 1968 ; a word which has other uses ) and syllabic alphabet ( Coulmas 1996 ; this term is also a synonym for syllabary ).

Other notable characters created by Milne include the bouncy Tigger and gloomy Eeyore.

Other notable cultivated Apiaceae include chervil ( Anthriscus cerefolium ), angelica ( Angelica spp.

Other examples include various prescription drugs ( e. g. most antiepileptic drugs have cerebellar ataxia as a possible adverse effect ), Lithium level over 1. 5mEq / L, cannabis ingestion and various other recreational drugs ( e. g. ketamine, PCP or dextromethorphan, all of which are NMDA receptor antagonists that produce a dissociative state at high doses ).

Other names for absolute value include " the numerical value " and " the magnitude ".

Other centres of population include the villages of Keel, Dooagh, Dumha Éige ( Dooega ) and Dugort.

Other traditions of Indian philosophy include:

Other well-known rabbis who are reincarnationists include Rabbi Yonassan Gershom, Rabbi Abraham Isaac Kook, Talmud scholar Rabbi Adin Steinsaltz, Rabbi DovBer Pinson, Rabbi David M. Wexelman, Rabbi Zalman Schachter, and many others.