Other ( typically less accurate ) methods are called empirical or semi-empirical because they employ experimental results, often from acceptable models of atoms or related molecules, to approximate some elements of the underlying theory.

Other molecules detected included ammonia ( NH < sub > 3 </ sub >) and hydrogen sulfide ( H < sub > 2 </ sub > S ).

Other advanced techniques, such as nonradioactive in situ hybridization, can be combined with immunochemistry to identify specific DNA or RNA molecules with fluorescent probes or tags that can be used for immunofluorescence and enzyme-linked fluorescence amplification ( especially alkaline phosphatase and tyramide signal amplification ).

Other common names for ligases include synthetases, because they are used to synthesize new molecules.

Other discoveries with VLT's signature include the detection of carbon monoxide molecules in a galaxy located almost 11 billion light-years away for the first time, a feat that had remained elusive for 25 years.

Other molecules could pass through the bilayer but must be transported rapidly in such large numbers that channel-type transport is impractical.

Other more recent methods, such as the Stockmayer potential, describe the interaction of molecules more accurately.

Other sympathomimetic molecules such as amphetamines and cocaine will also cause this effect.

Other molecules can be used for immunization as well, for example in experimental vaccines against nicotine ( NicVAX ) or the hormone ghrelin in experiments to create an obesity vaccine.

Other evanescent wave biosensors have been commercialised using waveguides where the propagation constant through the waveguide is changed by the absorption of molecules to the waveguide surface.

Other crosslinking can occur between fat and protein molecules, which leads to wrinkles.

Other than the pungent ammonia smell that is produced when baking with ammonium carbonate, and the possibility of a slight ammonia taste remaining in the baked goods, is that the ammonia released during the baking process reacts with glucose and fructose to form intermediate molecules which in turn react with asparagine ( an amino acid found in nuts, seeds, and whole grains ) to form acrylamide, a carcinogen.

Other advanced techniques include in situ hybridization to identify specific DNA or RNA molecules.

Other molecules and functional groups containing two hydrogen atoms, such as water and methylene, also have ortho and para forms ( e. g. orthowater and parawater ), although their ratios differ from that of the dihydrogen molecule.

Other neurotrophic molecules produced by Schwann cells and fibroblasts together include Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor,

Other than the above mentioned pharmaceutical applications, cyclodextrins can be employed in environmental protection: these molecules can effectively immobilise inside their rings toxic compounds, like trichloroethane or heavy metals, or can form complexes with stable substances, like trichlorfon ( an organophosphorus insecticide ) or sewage sludge, enhancing their decomposition.

Other carbon based compounds and other molecules may be explained in a similar way as methane.

Other molecules, such as volatile fatty acids ( VFAs ) with a chain length greater than that of acetate must first be catabolised into compounds that can be directly used by methanogens.

Other types of interesting molecules include aromatic thiols, of interest in molecular electronics, in which the alkane chain is ( partly ) replaced by aromatic rings.

Other effective molecules also came from industry during the period of 1970 to 1990, including anthracyclines and epipodophyllotoxins — both of which inhibited the action of topoisomerase II, an enzyme crucial for DNA synthesis.

Other air molecules ( e. g. oxygen, nitrogen ) have lower mobilities and thus diffuse more slowly through the balloon wall.

Other elements, however, may be viewed as bacterial parasites and conjugation as a mechanism evolved by them to allow for their spread.

Other types of additives include catalysts, thickeners, stabilizers, emulsifiers, texturizers, adhesion promoters, UV stabilizers, flatteners ( de-glossing agents ), biocides to fight bacterial growth, and the like.

( Selective toxicity ) Other drugs used to treat bacterial infections, such as penicillins and cephalosporins, inhibit cell wall biosynthesis, thereby causing bacterial cell death, as opposed to the interference with DNA replication as seen within the fluoroquinolone class of drugs.

Other sinusitis-causing bacterial pathogens include Staphylococcus aureus and other streptococci species, anaerobic bacteria and, less commonly, gram negative bacteria.

Other bacterial species produce spores in an unfavorable growth environment to preserve the organism's viability and permit survival in a dormant state until the spores are exposed to favorable conditions.

Other infectious agents such as parasites and bacterial toxins also occur.

Other bacterial products include gas ( flatus ), which is a mixture of nitrogen and carbon dioxide, with small amounts of the gases hydrogen, methane, and hydrogen sulphide.

Other bacterial species, such as the Nitrobacter, are responsible for the oxidation of the nitrites into nitrates ( NO < sub > 3 </ sub >< sup >-</ sup >).

Other complications of ascites include spontaneous bacterial peritonitis ( SBP ), due to decreased antibacterial factors in the ascitic fluid such as complement.

Other causes producing skin ulcers include bacterial or viral infections, fungal infections and cancers.

Other parts of the tadpoles ' bodies exist as organic remains and bacterial biofilms, with sedimentary detritus present in the gut.

Other infections such as bacterial infections can cause parotitis as may blockage of the duct, whether from salivary duct calculi or external compression.

Other types of cloning vectors include bacterial artificial chromosomes ( BACs ) and yeast artificial chromosomes ( YACs ).

Other medical conditions which affect the meninges include meningitis ( usually from fungal, bacterial, or viral infection ) and meningiomas arising from the meninges or from meningeal carcinomatoses ( tumors ) formed elsewhere in the body which metastasize to the meninges.

Other complications included otitis externa ( swimmer's ear ), which involves inflammation or bacterial infection of the external acoustic meatus, as well as pain, vertigo, tinnitus, and perforation of the ear drum.

Other common bacterial foodborne pathogens are:

( These anti-viral vaccines are not further discussed in the rest of this article ) Other cancers are to some extent caused by bacterial infections ( e. g. stomach cancer and Helicobacter pylori ) and traditional vaccines against cancer causing bacteria are also not currently discussed in this article.

J07AX Other bacterial vaccines ===

Other explanations relate to the bacterial interactions between GABHS and the other members of the pharyngo-tonsillar bacterial flora.

Other chemokines are inflammatory and are released from a wide variety of cells in response to bacterial infection, viruses and agents that cause physical damage such as silica or the urate crystals that occur in gout.

Other infections that classically lead to a limp include Lyme disease ( a bacterial infection spread by a deer tick ) and osteomyelitis ( an infection of the bone ).

Other than functioning in transport, some bacterial ABC proteins are also involved in the regulation of several physiological processes.