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Page "Owain Glyndŵr" ¶ 63
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Owain and
Scots and French privateers were operating around Wales throughout Owain s war.
In the autumn, Owain s Aberystwyth Castle surrendered whilst he was out fighting for the land it stood on.
Edmund Mortimer died in the final battle and Owain s wife Margaret along with two of his daughters ( including Catrin ) and three of Mortimer's grand-daughters were taken prisoner and incarcerated in the Tower of London.
In 1412, Owain led one of the final successful raiding parties with his most faithful soldiers and cut through the King s men, and consequently captured, and later ransomed, a leading Welsh supporter of King Henry's, Dafydd Gam (" Crooked David "), in an ambush in Brecon.
The great gatehouse was begun late in the 14th century but it wasn t completed until 1422, somewhat due to the Welsh rebel Owain Glyn Dŵr s efforts to reclaim Welsh independence.
960, Owain, Einon s father tried to expand his kingdom by invading Gower.
In 1266 four years after Edward I s conquest of Wales, Owain ap Gruffydd ap Gwenwynwyn, the last hereditary prince of Powis, renounced his royal claim title and was granted the title of Baron de la Pole, ( i. e. " of the Poole " a reference to Welshpoole, formerly called just Poole and the location of Powis Castle ).
When the Owain Glyndŵr rebellion broke out in 1400, the family s traditional loyalty to their liege lord remained unshaken and they played a leading role in opposition to the rebellion in the area.

Owain and personal
The personal coat of arms of Owain Gwynedd were: Vert, three eagles displayed in fess Or

Owain and standard
A campaign exists to make 16 September, the date Owain raised his standard, a public holiday in Wales.
In 1400 Owain Glyndwr raised the dragon standard during his revolts against the occupation of Wales by the English crown.

Owain and
Owain remained free but even though his campaign had been successful, and the English armies feared both him and the French he had lost his ancestral home and was a hunted prince.
Less than three years later, Henry was in command of part of the English forces he led his own army into Wales against Owain Glyndŵr and joined forces with his father to fight Harry Hotspur at Shrewsbury in 1403.
" An infuriated Owain then raped Nest in front of her children either her two sons and daughter and Gerald's son by a concubine ; or Gerald's two sons by a concubine and Nest's two sons ; or any other variant following which Owain abducted Nest and her children, and took them to a hunting lodge by the Eglwyseg Rocks north of the Vale of Llangollen.
After his death Gruffydd's four sons Owain, Llywelyn, Dafydd and Rhodri would come into their own, and after much fraternal discord, Llywelyn ended up ruling most of Wales.

Owain and arms
Attributed arms of Gwenwynwyn ab Owain
File: Coat of arms of Owain Gwynedd. svg | Three eagles in fess
Owain ap Cadwgan had, by now, been pardoned by the king, and was prince of Powys ; in 1111, his father had been assassinated by Owain's cousin and former comrade in arms, Madog ap Rhiryd, whom Owain captured, castrated, and blinded.
On 16 September Owain and brothers had taken up arms and burned Grey's property, for three days the Welsh band ravaged the coutryside of Flintshire and Denbighshire.
When Rhys ab Owain was defeated in arms at the Battle of Goodwick and forced to become a fugitive by Bleddyn's cousin and successor as King of Gwynedd, Trahaearn ap Caradog in 1078 and killed by Caradog ap Gruffydd of Gwent shortly afterwards, this was hailed as " vengeance for the blood of Bleddyn ap Cynfyn ".

Owain and Powys
His father, Gruffydd Fychan II, hereditary Tywysog of Powys Fadog and Lord of Glyndyfrdwy, died some time before 1370 leaving Glyndŵr's mother Elen ferch Tomas ap Llywelyn of Deheubarth a widow and Owain a young man of maybe 16 years at most.
In 1167 he joined Owain Gwynedd in an attack on Owain Cyfeiliog of southern Powys, and spent three weeks helping Owain besiege the Norman castle of Rhuddlan.
Maelgwn, the eldest son but illegitimate, refused to accept this and was given military assistance by Gwenwynwyn ab Owain of Powys.
He married John's natural daughter Joan in 1205, and when John arrested Gwenwynwyn ab Owain of Powys in 1208, Llywelyn took the opportunity to annex southern Powys.
Gwenwynwyn ab Owain, prince of Powys Wenwynwyn, tried to take over as leader of the Welsh princes, and in 1198 raised a great army to besiege Painscastle, which was held by the troops of William de Braose, Lord of Bramber.
Llywelyn made his first move beyond the borders of Gwynedd in August 1202 when he raised a force to attack Gwenwynwyn ab Owain of Powys, who was now his main rival in Wales.
He was known as Owain Gwynedd to distinguish him from another contemporary Owain ap Gruffydd, ruler of part of Powys who was known as Owain Cyfeiliog.
His elder brother Cadwallon was killed in a battle against the forces of Powys in 1132, leaving Owain as his father's heir.
The prince of Powys, Madog ap Maredudd, with assistance from Earl Ranulf of Chester, gave battle at Coleshill, but Owain was victorious.
The bulk of this work praises King Urien of Rheged and his son Owain mab Urien, although several of the poems indicate that he also served as the court bard to King Brochfael Ysgithrog of Powys and his successor Cynan Garwyn, either before or during his time at Urien's court.
He was a grandson of Owain Gwynedd and ruled southern Powys from 1195, having taken control following the death of his father Owain Cyfeiliog.
While Owain ap Cadwgan of Ceredigion sought refuge in Gwynedd's mountains, Maredudd ap Bleddyn of Powys made peace with the English king as the Norman army advanced.
In 1120 a minor border war between Llywarch ab Owain, lord of a commote in the Dyffryn Clwyd cantref, and Hywel ab Ithel, lord of Rhufoniog and Rhos brought Powys and Chester into conflict in the Perfeddwlad.
Owain I ap Gruffydd succeeded his father to the greater portion of Gwynedd in accordance to Welsh law, the Cyfraith Hywel, the Laws of Hywel ; and became known as Owain Gwynedd to differiate him from another Owain ap Gruffydd, the Mathrafal ruler of Powys, known as Owain Cyfeiliog.
Between 1148 and 1151, Owain I of Gwynedd fought against Madog ap Maredudd of Powys, Owain's son-in-law, and against the Earl of Chester for control of Iâl, with Owain having secured Rhuddlan Castle and all of Tegeingl from Chester.

Owain and Deheubarth
Shortly after becoming ruler of Deheubarth, Rhys heard rumours that Owain Gwynedd was planning to invade Ceredigion in order to reclaim it for Gwynedd.
* Rhys ab Owain, king of Deheubarth, Wales
His son, Owain Gwynedd, allied with Gruffydd ap Rhys of Deheubarth won a crushing victory over the Normans at the Battle of Crug Mawr in 1136 and annexed Ceredigion.
Owain Gwynedd's death led to the splitting of Gwynedd between his sons, while Rhys made Deheubarth dominant in Wales for a time.
Since the death of Owain Gwynedd in 1170, Rhys ap Gruffydd had made the southern kingdom of Deheubarth the strongest of the Welsh kingdoms, and had established himself as the leader of Pura Wallia.
Owain and Cadwaladr, in alliance with Gruffydd ap Rhys of Deheubarth, won a major victory over the Normans at Crug Mawr near Cardigan in 1136 and annexed Ceredigion to their father's realm.
In 1143 Cadwaladr was implicated in the murder of Anarawd ap Gruffydd of Deheubarth, and Owain responded by sending his son Hywel ab Owain Gwynedd to strip him of his lands in the north of Ceredigion.
Owain and Cadwaladr in alliance with Gruffudd ap Rhys of Deheubarth gained a crushing victory over the Normans at Crug Mawr near Cardigan in 1136 and took possession of Ceredigion.
Of the first three, only Cadell reigned for more than a few years, but the youngest of the four, Rhys ap Gruffydd ( The Lord Rhys ), ruled from 1155 to 1197, and after Owain Gwynedd's death in 1170 made Deheubarth the most powerful of the Welsh kingdoms.
At this seeming betrayal, Rhys and Owain, Reginald's Welsh nephews who were Princes of Deheubarth, were incensed and took Builth, except the castle.
Owain and Cadwaladr came to blows in 1143 when Cadwaladr was implicated in the murder of Prince Anarawd ap Gruffydd of Deheubarth, Owain's ally and future son-in-law, on the eve of Anarawd's wedding to Owain's daughter.
With discontent mounting in England, Owain I of Gwynedd joined with Rhys ap Gruffydd of Deheubarth in a second grand Welsh revolt against Henry II.
He was a prince and war lord, his father was King Owain of Deheubarth, ( Dyfed, Carmarthenshire, Ceredigion, Breconshire and Pembrokeshire ).
Rhys ap Tewdwr, a member of the House of Dinefwr, claimed the throne of Deheubarth following the death of his second cousin Rhys ab Owain in battle against Caradog ap Gruffydd in 1078.
In 1091 he faced another challenge in the form of an attempt to put Gruffydd, the son of Maredudd ab Owain, on the throne of Deheubarth.
In Wales important leaders like Rhys of Deheubarth and Owain Gwynedd had emerged.
Rhys of Deheubarth, also called Lord Rhys, and Owain Gwynedd were closed to negotiations.
By the late 10th century, the region as a whole ( including the land around the bay as well as the Gower Peninsula ) was part of the Welsh kingdom of Deheubarth under Maredudd ap Owain.
Owain and his brother Cadwaladr came to blows in 1143 when Cadwaladr was implicated in the murder of Prince Anarawd ap Gruffydd of Deheubarth, Owain's ally and future son-in-law, on the eve of Anarawd's wedding to Owain's daughter.
In 1078 Trahaearn was campaigning in South Wales, defeating Rhys ab Owain of Deheubarth, who had been responsible for the killing of Bleddyn ap Cynfyn, in the Battle of Gwdig or Battle of Goodwick.
He was killed in 1075 by Rhys ab Owain of Deheubarth and the nobility of Ystrad Tywi in South Wales, a killing which caused much shock throughout Wales.
He later gained control of Deheubarth, defeating Rhain, an Irish pretender who claimed to be the son of Maredudd ab Owain, at Abergwili in 1022.

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