The officer's report includes what Wright had learned from Nkrumah advisor George Padmore about Nkrumah's plans for the Gold Coast after its independence ( as Ghana ).

From the time of Nkrumah's return to the Gold Coast in 1947 to lead the independence movement there, Padmore advised him in long detailed letters, wrote dozens of articles for Nkrumah's newspaper, the Accra Evening News, wrote a history of The Gold Coast Revolution ( 1953 ), and, with Dorothy Pizer, encouraged Nkrumah to write his own autobiography, which he did, publishing it in 1957, the year the Gold Coast became independent Ghana.

George Padmore ( 28 June 1903 – 23 September 1959 ), born Malcolm Ivan Meredith Nurse in Trinidad, was a leading Pan-Africanist, journalist, and author who left Trinidad in 1924 to study in the United States and from there moved to the Soviet Union, Germany, and France, before settling in London and, toward the end of his life, Accra, Ghana.

During his time in Britain, Nkrumah came to know such outspoken anti-colonialists and intellectuals as the West Indian George Padmore, and the African-American W. E. B.

Padmore lived in Vienna, Austria during this time, where he edited the monthly publication of the new group, The Negro Worker.

One consequence of the time Padmore spent in the Soviet Union was an end of his time as a resident of the United States.

He had met Ghana's new head of state, Kwame Nkrumah, in the United States when Nkrumah was studying there and sent him on to work with George Padmore in London after World War II ; Padmore was by this point a close Nkrumah advisor and had written The Gold Coast Revolution ( 1953 ).

He met several important black leaders and writers, including George Padmore, a leading figure in the Pan-African community there, Kwame Nkrumah of the Gold Coast and Jomo Kenyatta of Kenya, both later heads of state of their respective countries.

After James started reporting on cricket for the Manchester Guardian, Padmore wrote to American novelist Richard Wright, " That will take him out of his ivory tower and making his paper revolution ...."' Grace Lee Boggs, a colleague from the Detroit group, came to London in 1954 to work with him, but she, too, saw him " at loose ends, trying to find his way after fifteen years out of the country.

Malcolm Ivan Meredith Nurse, better known by his pseudonym George Padmore, was born on 28 June 1903 in Arouca, Trinidad, then part of the British West Indies.

Following the delivery of his report, Padmore was asked to stay on in Moscow to head the Negro Bureau of the Red International of Labor Unions ( Profintern ).

Padmore was deported to England by the German government, while the Comintern placed the ITUCNW and its Negro Worker on hiatus in August 1933.

Relocating in France where he had an ally from his Comintern days, Garan Kouyaté, Padmore set to work on a book -- How Britain Rules Africa.

Before Wright left the Gold Coast, he gave a confidential report on Nkrumah to the American consul and later reported on Padmore himself to the American Embassy in Paris.

According to the embassy's account, Wright said that Nkrumah was relying heavily on Padmore as he made plans for independence.

Staying on in Accra, Dorothy Pizer wrote a preface for a French edition of Pan-Africanism or Communism and began research for a biography of Padmore, although, as she told Nancy Cunard, she was frustrated by his habit of destroying his personal papers and not talking about his past.

James, relocated in Port of Spain, Trinidad, wrote a series of articles on Padmore for The Nation and began collecting material for a biography but eventually produced only a slim manuscript, " Notes on the Life of George Padmore .".

In it, James omitted any reference to Padmore's own book on the Gold Coast Revolution and in correspondence made clear that he thought Padmore did not understand it.

* George Padmore Research Library on African Affairs

He was an active member of the International African Service Bureau, a pan-Africanist, anti-colonial organization that had formed around former international communist leader George Padmore, who had also become disillusioned with the Soviet Union and himself moved to London.

After the war, he wrote a pamphlet ( with some content contributed by Padmore ), Kenya: The Land of Conflict, published by the International African Service Bureau under the imprint Panaf Service.

During this period, Kenyatta was an active member of a group of African, Caribbean and American intellectuals who included Dudley Thompson, George Padmore, C. L. R.

When the IAFE was transformed into the International African Service Bureau, James edited its journal, International African Opinion. The Bureau was led by his childhood friend George Padmore, who would be a driving force for socialist Pan-Africanism for several decades.

Alienated from Stalinism, Padmore nevertheless remained a socialist and sought new ways to work for African freedom from imperial rule.

In 1934 Padmore moved to London, where he became the center of a community of writers dedicated to pan-Africanism and African independence.

Padmore was chair and James edited its periodical, International African Opinion, while an energetic British Guianan named Ras Makonnen handled the business end.

Padmore used London as his base for over two decades, the flat he shared with his English domestic partner and co-worker Dorothy Pizer becoming a crossroads for African nationalists.

Indeed, the year Black Power came out Padmore was finishing a book he hoped would be both a history and blueprint for African independence: Pan-Africanism or Communism?

In an impassioned letter to his old friend George Padmore, James said that in Mariners he was using Moby Dick as a parable for the anti-communism sweeping the United States — a consequence, he thought, of Americans ' uncritical faith in capitalism.

Organised by the influential Trinidadian pan-Africanist George Padmore and Ghanaian independence leader Kwame Nkrumah, it was attended by 90 delegates, 26 from Africa.

Some ten years later, the Dewey Commission was cited in great detail, when in an open letter to the British press dated 25 February 1946, written by George Orwell and signed by Arthur Koestler, C. E. M. Joad, Frank Horrabin, George Padmore, Julian Symons, H. G. Wells, F. A. Ridley, C. A. Smith and John Baird, among others, it was suggested that the Nuremberg Trials then underway were an invaluable opportunity for establishing " historical truth and bearing upon the political integrity " of figures of international standing.

Padmore officially joined the Communist Party in 1927 and was active in its mass organization targeted to black Americans, the American Negro Labor Congress.

In March 1929 Padmore was a fraternal ( non-voting ) delegate to the 6th National Convention of the CPUSA, held in New York City.

Padmore, an energetic worker and prolific writer, was tapped by Communist Party trade union leader William Z.

In July 1930, Padmore was instrumental in organizing an international conference in Hamburg, Germany which launched a Comintern-backed international organization of black labor organizations called the International Trade Union Committee of Negro Workers ( ITUCNW ).

As a non-citizen and a communist, Padmore was effectively barred from reentry to America once he had departed.

Padmore was then organizing the 1945 Manchester Conference, attended not only the inner circle of the IASB but also by W. E. B.

In 1956 James had returned from the United States but Padmore and Pizer spoke of him with condescension in letters to Wright.

Padmore, a Trinidadian living in London, believed Wright to be a good friend, as his many letters in the Wright papers at Yale's Beinecke Library attest, and their correspondence continued.

When Nkrumah arrived in London in May 1945 intending to study law, Padmore met him at the station.

Meanwhile, former Padmore ally Peter Abrahams published a roman à clef entitled A Wreath for Udomo ( 1956 ), which contained unflattering portrayals of the members of the London political community of which Abrahams had been a part, among them George Padmore ( as the character " Tom Lanwood ").

In 1991, John La Rose founded the George Padmore Institute ( GPI ), based in North London, where educational and cultural activities, including talks and readings, take place.

* The George Padmore Institute, London.