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Page "History of Panama" ¶ 87
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Panama's and official
* Panama's official ISO 3166-1 alpha-3 abbreviation
San José de David ( official name ) is Panama's third largest urban area.
In 2006, according to official numbers published by the Panamanian Civil Aviation Authority, Aeroperlas suffered just one minor incident-the same safety record as Panama's COPA airlines achieved in the same period.

Panama's and cooperation
The branches are according to Panama's Political Constitution of 1972, reformed by the Actos Reformatorios of 1978, and by the Acto Constitucional in 1983., united in cooperation and limited through the classic system of checks and balances.

Panama's and has
Though Panama has made enormous advances in social mobility and racial integration, it is still true that much of Panama's economic and social life is controlled by a small number of families.
It is the capital of Panama's Colón Province and has traditionally been known as Panama's second city.
This “ ambitious public investment program ” has been identified as a cornerstone ofPanama's highly favorable investment cycle .”
Outside of Puerto Rico, he has won major titles in Latin America including Panama's Revolution X-Treme Wrestling, Ecuador's Wrestling Alliance Revolution and the Dominican Republic's Dominican Wrestling Entertainment.
The order was established on the 50th anniversary of Panama's independence on 29 October 1953, and has been awarded to distinguished people ( Panamanians and non-Panamanians ) in the sciences, arts, and politics for over 50 years.

Panama's and been
By the time the civil conflict ended and the government of New Granada and the government of the Isthmus had negotiated the Isthmus's reincorporation to the union, Panama's First Republic had been free for 13 months.
The traditional story that Panama got its name from had been across the Isthmus of Panama, and said local rock formations reminded him of Panama's rocks.

Panama's and role
As time passed, and due to Panama's role as a country of transit, that terminal became too small to attend to the growing demand for air operations.
Moscoso worked to end Panama's role in international crime, passing new laws against money laundering and supporting tax transparency.

Panama's and played
Butler and Frazer, had played together with Panama's national team ; away from home, however, they were also able to establish a friendship.

Panama's and by
* 1821 – Cry of Independence by Rufina Alfaro at La Villa de Los Santos, Panama setting into motion a revolt which lead to Panama's independence from Spain and to it immediately becoming part of Colombia
But the remoteness of New Granada's capitol Santa Fe de Bogotá proved a greater obstacle than the Spanish crown anticipated as the authority of the new Viceroyalty was contested by the seniority, closer proximity, previous ties to the Viceroyalty of Peru in Lima and even Panama's own initiative.
* 1903-Big Stick diplomacy: Theodore Roosevelt refers to U. S. policy as " speaking softly and carrying a big stick ", applied the same year by assisting Panama's independence movement from Colombia.
Torrijos was eventually replaced by Manuel Noriega, who merged all of Panama's armed forces under his command as the Panamanian Defense Forces.
On February 10, 1990 the government of then President Guillermo Endara abolished Panama's military and reformed the security apparatus by creating the Panamanian Public Forces.
Panama's first proposed flag, made there by Mrs. Bunau Varilla, was rejected by the Panamanians, who made their own.
Torrijos was again popular by the end of his term, but because Panama's constitution forbids consecutive second terms for the presidency, the PRD nominated Balbina Herrera as a candidate to succeed him in 2009.
Ovando also announced his political adherence to the principles espoused by other so-called " leftist military " regimes then in vogue in Latin America, foremost of which were the regimes of Peru's Juan Velasco and Panama's Omar Torrijos.
For the 1964 elections, the PDC presented its first presidential candidate, José Antonio Molino, who was supported by Panama's Teachers Union, he received 9, 681 votes ( 02. 98 %), coming in fourth among seven nominees.
Like the Portobello area of London, Dublin's Portobello was ultimately named for the capture by Admiral Vernon in 1739 of Portobelo, Colón on Panama's Caribbean Coast, during the conflict between the United Kingdom and Spain known as the War of Jenkins ' Ear.
Bunau-Varilla, as Panama's ambassador to the United States, was invested with plenipotentiary powers by President Manuel Amador.
The Dignity Battalions are a paramilitary militia created by Panama's government in the 1980s to help defend Panama against both invasion by the United States and internal subversive activity.
In 1995, he reformed Panama's labor code, an action protested by 49 unions and causing his popularity to drop.
Despite massive spending by the PRD, however, the proposal was defeated by a margin of almost 2 to 1, a result described by The Economist as " proving Panama's democracy more resilient than many dared suppose.

Panama's and Manuel
The 1988 Senate Subcommittee on Terrorism, Narcotics and International Operations concluded that " The saga of Panama's General Manuel Antonio Noriega represents one of the most serious foreign policy failures for the United States.
At that time, he was second in command of Panama's military under the command of Manuel Noriega.
Thus, de la Espriella was a type of ' puppet ' president and remained so under brutal Manuel Noriega ( Panama's first Chief of Intelligence, and then Guard commander when Rubén Darío Paredes resigned that title to start his own electoral campaign ).

Panama's and Noriega
Subsequently, on December 27, 1989, Panama's Electoral Tribunal invalidated the Noriega regime's annulment of the May 1989 election and confirmed the victory of opposition candidates under the leadership of President Guillermo Endara and Vice Presidents Guillermo Ford and Ricardo Arias Calderón.
Herrera, a former member of Noriega's inner circle, told Panama's main opposition newspaper, La Prensa, that Noriega was behind Spadafora's murder, many other killings and disappearances as well.
Unlike previous rulers Omar Torrijos and Noriega, Endara appointed only whites to ministerial positions, excluding Panama's large mestizo population and other ethnicities.
In June 1987, in an interview with Panama's leading opposition newspaper, " La Prensa ", Colonel Díaz made a strong declaration against Noriega.
Colonel Nivaldo Madrinan, head of Panama's secret police ; Captain Eliecer Gaitan, who led the special force charged with protecting Noriega ; Belgica de Castillo, the former head of the immigration department, and her husband Carlos Castillo.

Panama's and prior
Although not Panamanian himself, Bunau-Varilla had provided financial assistance to the rebel side in Panama's independence from Colombia, which occurred two weeks prior to the signing of the treaty.

Panama's and with
In the mid-19th century, Panama's economy boomed as a result of increased cargo and passengers associated with the California gold rush.
The company made an interline agreement with Air Panama ( Panama's second-largest airline ) which consists of the linkage of all tourist destinations in Panama with those in Latin America.
Its border spanned two of Panama's provinces and was created on November 18, 1903, with the signing of the Hay – Bunau-Varilla Treaty.
Varilla replaced the stars in the blue canton with two interconnected yellow suns ; the suns represent North and South America, and are connected because of Panama's position connecting the two continents.
Panama's legislative elections are held simultaneous with its presidential elections.
* Operation Matador ( 2011 ), a judicialized wiretap program which the United States currently operates in conjunction with Panama's police and security
On January 2012, the company made a codeshare agreement with Copa Airlines, Panama's flag carrier and largest airline, linking all tourist destinations within Panama with those of Latin America.
He also worked closely with United States president Theodore Roosevelt in the latter's orchestration of the Panamanian Revolution, resulting in Panama's independence from Colombia.
Ambassadors David Manning, then-British ambassador to the United States, visited his office, and met with People's Republic of China Premier Zhu Rongji in 1999, Costa Rica Presidents José María Figueres and Oscar Arias Sánchez, Canadian Prime Minister Jean Chrétien, Panama's President Martin Torrijos, well as U. S. Presidents Jimmy Carter, George H. W. Bush, Bill Clinton and George W. Bush.
In 1946, he was appointed Panama's minister of foreign relations ; however, he resigned in 1947 to protest a proposed agreement with the U. S. relating to the Panama Canal.

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