* Panama Refining Co. v. Ryan

* Panama Refining Co. v. Ryan, 293 U. S. 388 ( 1935 ) dissenting from a narrow interpretation of the Commerce Clause.

The Supreme Court case of Panama Refining v. Ryan, 293 U. S. 388 ( 1935 ) involved the National Industrial Recovery Act, which included a provision granting the President the authority to prohibit the interstate shipment of petroleum in excess of certain quotas.

In the Panama Refining case, however, the Court struck down the provision on the ground that Congress had set " no criterion to govern the President's course.

Congress had granted Franklin Roosevelt sweeping authority ; in Panama Refining v. Ryan, the Court for the first time struck down a Congressional delegation of power as violative of the doctrine of separation of powers.

* Panama Refining Co. v. Ryan

# REDIRECT Panama Refining Co. v. Ryan

After 1939, both ships were operated by Panama Transport Co., a subsidiary of Standard Oil of New Jersey.

Architectural Engineering 1949-The late chief architect for the United States ' Panama Canal Co. His Canal improvements and modernizations significantly increased efficiency and tonnage transported through the Canal.

Two M67's were used by C Co 5 / 87th ( Lt Infantry ) 193rd Infantry Bridage during Operation " Just Cause " in the Republic of Panama in 1989, using the M590 AntiPersonal Ammunition.

They quickly set up two companies in Panama, Nortuna Shipping Company Inc. and Norness Shipping Company Inc. Næss managed to secure financing from J. P. Morgan & Co. which became a pillar in the group's growth.

From 8 August 1962 to 26 June 1968, the lineage of Co C, 508 PIR was reactivated as HHC, 3-508th INF, and the unit served as an airborne battalion within the 193rd Infantry Brigade in Panama.

In some countries the trend has gone further than others: Mexico, Panama, and Venezuela are displaying open sympathy for Castroism, and there is no country -- save the Dominican Republic whose funeral services we recently arranged -- where Castroism and Anti-Americanism does not prevent the government from unqualifiedly espousing the American cause.

The set contains `` High Society '', `` Do What Ory Say '', `` Down Home Rag '', `` Careless Love '', Jazz Me Blues '', `` Weary Blues '', `` Original Dixieland One-Step '', `` Bourbon Street Parade '', `` Panama '', `` Toot, Toot, Tootsie '', `` Oh Didn't He Ramble '', `` Beale Street Blues '', `` Maryland, My Maryland '', `` 1919 Rag '', `` Eh, La Bas '', `` Mood Indigo '', and `` Bugle Call Rag ''.

Among leaf litter frogs in Panama, frogs that actively hunt prey have narrow mouths and are slim, often brightly coloured and toxic, while ambushers have wide mouths and are broad and well camouflaged.

One such project is the Panama Amphibian Rescue and Conservation Project that built on existing conservation efforts in Panama to create a country-wide response to the threat of chytridiomycosis.

The man-made Panama Canal links the Atlantic and Pacific.

* 1519 – Panama City, Panama, is founded.

* 1914 – The Panama Canal opens to traffic with the transit of the cargo ship.

1. the Captainship General of Guatemala, encompassing all of Central America excluding Panama.

New Granada, with the vice regal capital at Bogota, encompassed modern day Colombia, Ecuador and Panama.

* abacá A comprehensive pamphlet about Philippine abacá presented 1915 Panama Pacific International Exposition held in San Francisco.

* 1914 – Norman Panama, American screenwriter ( d. 2003 )

ARIN formerly covered Argentina, Aruba, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Dutch West Indies, Ecuador, El Salvador, Falkland Islands ( UK ), French Guiana, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay, and Venezuela until LACNIC was formed.

The stage musical, with music and lyrics by Gene de Paul and Johnny Mercer, was adapted into a Technicolor motion picture at Paramount in 1959 by producer Norman Panama and director Melvin Frank, with a score by Nelson Riddle.

USNS Schuyler Otis Bland ( T-AK-277 ) was known to have brought highly classified " agriculture products " under armed guard to southeast Asia, Okinawa, and Panama.

After departing Okinawa in spring 1962, the Bland sailed to the Panama Canal Zone where, the Panamanian government asserts, the U. S. tested herbicides in the early 1960s.

Established in 1927 near Panama City, on the Florida panhandle, Bob Jones College moved to Cleveland, Tennessee in 1933, and to its present campus in Greenville, South Carolina in 1947, where it became Bob Jones University.

The balance of trade encompasses the activity of exports and imports, like the work of this cargo ship going through the Panama Canal.

Famous concrete structures include the Burj Khalifa ( world's tallest building ), the Hoover Dam, the Panama Canal and the Roman Pantheon.

Regionally, she has signed bilateral free-trade agreements with Panama, Peru and Colombia.

During the night of February 10, 2010, the Sichem Osprey, a Maltese chemical tanker, ran aground on Clipperton Island on its way from the Panama Canal to South Korea.

* Judicial Watch, Inc. v. Panama Canal Commission case — archived

The finding thus differed from later Court rulings which argued that Federal government action affecting intrastate production breached the Commerce Clause of the Constitution: in Panama v. Ryan the Court found that Congress had violated the nondelegation doctrine by vesting the President with legislative powers without clear guidelines, giving the President enormous and unchecked powers.

* O. v. chiriquensis – Chiriqui white-tailed deer ( Panama )

* O. v. nemoralis – ( Central America, round the Gulf of Mexico to Surinam further restricted to from Honduras to Panama )

:: Second Round v. Panama Viejo -- 5: 0

The first case in which a floating security device was tested and upheld came a mere eight years after Holroyd v Marshall in Re Panama, New Zealand and Australian Royal Mint Company ( 1870 ) 5 Ch App 318 ; a remarkably quick gestation by any reckoning.

For example, Panama and El Salvador have declared U. S. currency to be legal tender, and from 1791 – 1857, Spanish silver coins were legal tender in the United States.

The short experiment in imperialism ended by 1908, as the U. S. turned its attention to the Panama Canal and the stabilization of regions to its south, including Mexico.

Their second son, John Sheldon Doud Eisenhower, was born on August 3, 1922, while they were in Panama ; John served in the United States Army, retired as a brigadier general, became an author and served as U. S. Ambassador to Belgium from 1969 to 1971.

As reported in the journal Science, testing of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA by Warren Johnson and Stephen O ' Brien of the U. S. National Cancer Institute demonstrated that ancient cats evolved into eight main lineages that diverged in the course of at least 10 migrations ( in both directions ) from continent to continent via the Bering land bridge and Isthmus of Panama, with the Panthera genus being the oldest and the Felis genus being the youngest.

:* U. S .: Subic Bay, Panama Canal Zone

HMMWVs first saw combat in Operation Just Cause, the U. S. invasion of Panama in 1989.

* 1964 – Martyrs ' Day: Several Panamanian youths try to raise the Panamanian flag on the U. S .- controlled Panama Canal Zone, leading to fighting between U. S. military and Panamanian civilians.

In order to quell competition with the Panama Canal, the U. S. secured all rights to a canal along this route in the Bryan-Chamorro Treaty of 1916.

The 1914 Bryan-Chamorro Treaty granted perpetual canal rights to the U. S. in Nicaragua and was signed ten days before the U. S .- operated Panama Canal opened for use, thus preventing anyone from building a competing canal in Nicaragua without U. S. permission.

According to Stephen Kinzer's 2006 book Overthrow, in 1898 the chief of the French Canal Syndicate ( a group that owned large swathes of land across Panama ), Philippe Bunau Varilla, hired William Nelson Cromwell to lobby the U. S. Congress for the Panama Canal.

An eruption in Saint-Pierre, Martinique, which killed 30, 000 people, persuaded most of the U. S. Congress to vote in favour of Panama, leaving only eight votes in favour of Nicaragua.

In the end, the union between Panama and the Republic of New Granada ( under its various names United States of Colombia 1863 – 1886 and the Republic of Colombia since 1886 ) was made possible by the active participation of U. S. A. under the 1846 Bidlack Mallarino treaty until 1903.

In 1846, the United States and New Granada signed the Bidlack Mallarino Treaty, granting the U. S. rights to build railroads through Panama, and-most significantly-the power to militarily intervene against revolt to guarantee New Granadine control of Panama.

During the war there were at least three attempts by Panamanian Liberals to seize control of Panama and potentially achieve full autonomy, including one led by Liberal guerrillas like Belisario Porras and Victoriano Lorenzo, each of whom was suppressed by a collaboration of Conservative Colombian and U. S. forces under the Mallarino-Bidlack Treaty.

According to the terms of the treaty, the U. S. was to pay the stockholders of the French company that had tried to build the canal across Panama the sum of $ 40, 000, 000.

The treaty allowed for the construction of a canal and U. S. sovereignty over a strip of land wide and long, ( 16 kilometers by 80 kilometers ) on either side of the Panama Canal Zone.

On his December 7, 1903 Third Annual Message to the Senate and House of Representatives he enumerated an extensive list of interventions the U. S. armed forces had made in Panama since 1850 explaining:

The Panama Canal was built by the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers between 1904 and 1914 ; the existing 83-kilometer ( 50-mi.

On September 7, 1977, the Torrijos-Carter Treaties were signed by the Panamanian head of state and U. S. President Jimmy Carter for the complete transfer of the Canal and the fourteen US army bases from the US to Panama by 1999.