A folio from Papyrus 46 | P46, an early-3rd-century collection of Pauline epistles.

Folio from Papyrus 46, containing 2 Corinthians 11: 33 – 12: 9

A page from 2 Corinthians in Papyrus 46, c. AD 200

Papyrus 87 ( Gregory-Aland ), fragment of Epistle to Philemon

The most ancient mathematical texts available are Plimpton 322 ( Babylonian mathematics c. 1900 BC ), the Rhind Mathematical Papyrus ( Egyptian mathematics c. 2000-1800 BC ) and the Moscow Mathematical Papyrus ( Egyptian mathematics c. 1890 BC ).

For each subsequent century, more and more manuscripts survive that contain a portion or all of the books that were held to be part of the New Testament at that time ( for example, the New Testament of the 4th-century Codex Sinaiticus, once a complete Bible, contains the Epistle of Barnabas and the Shepherd of Hermas ), though occasionally these manuscripts contain other works as well ( e. g., Papyrus 72 and the Crosby-Schøyen Codex ).

Papyrus is first known to have been used in ancient Egypt ( at least as far back as the First Dynasty ), but it was also used throughout the Mediterranean region.

These documents provide important information on ancient writings ; they give us the only extant copy of Menander, the Egyptian Book of the Dead, Egyptian treatises on medicine ( the Ebers Papyrus ) and on surgery ( the Edwin Smith papyrus ), Egyptian mathematical treatises ( the Rhind papyrus ), and Egyptian folk tales ( the Westcar papyrus ).

The Milan Papyrus, recovered from a dismantled mummy casing and published in 2001, has revealed the high esteem in which the poet Posidippus of Pella, an important composer of epigrams ( 3rd century BC ), held Sappho's " divine songs ".

The earliest known writings on the circulatory system are found in the Ebers Papyrus ( 16th century BCE ), an ancient Egyptian medical papyrus containing over 700 prescriptions and remedies, both physical and spiritual.

In 1947 the original seven scrolls caught the attention of Dr. John C. Trever, of the American Schools of Oriental Research ( ASOR ), who compared the script in the scrolls to that of The Nash Papyrus, the oldest biblical manuscript then known, and found similarities between them.

Another saying that employs similar vocabulary to that used in Luke rather than Mark is Saying 31 in the original Greek ( Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 1 ), where Luke 4: 23's term dektos ( acceptable ) is employed rather than's atimos ( without honor ).

Wallis, The Egyptian Book of the Dead, ( The Papyrus of Ani ), Egyptian Text, Transliteration, and Translation.

" He also says that the " Tulli Papyrus ", cited by von Däniken in one of his books, is likely cribbed from the Book of Ezekiel, and quoted Dr. Nolli ( through Dr. Walter Ramberg, Scientific Attache at the U. S. embassy in Rome ), then current Director of the Egyptian Section of the Vatican Museum, as " suspect that Tulli was taken in and that the papyrus is a fake.

Although older writings exist which deal with herbal medicine, such as Edwin Smith Papyrus in Egypt, Pliny ’ s pharmacopoeia and De Materia Medica ( Περί ύλης ιατρικής ), a five volume book originally written in Greek by Pedanius Dioscorides, are considered the major initial works in the field.

Along with the Kahun Gynaecological Papyrus ( c. 1800 BC ), the Edwin Smith papyrus ( c. 1600 BC ), the Hearst papyrus ( c. 1600 BC ), the Brugsch Papyrus ( c. 1300 BC ), the London Medical Papyrus ( c. 1300 BC ), the Ebers Papyrus is among the oldest preserved medical documents.

However, Takelot II's brief 25th year is attested by a donation stela made by his son in his position as High Priest at Thebes shortly before Takelot died ; it granted 35 aurourae of land to Takelot II's daughter, Karomama E. Papyrus Berlin 3048 has also now been conclusively dated to Takelot II's ( and not Takelot III's ) reign due to the attestation of a certain Harsiese — designated the fourth prophet of Amun — in this document who is known to have served in office during king Takelot II's reign.

The papyrus is now in the collection of the Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts, Moscow, and officially designated as Papyrus Pushkin 120.

Papyrus has a life of at most a century or two in relatively moist Italian or Greek conditions ; only those works copied onto parchment, usually after the general conversion to Christianity, have survived, and by no means all of those.

Although it is attested to be a part of the rituals by a version of the Papyrus Jumilhac, in which it took Isis 12 days to reassemble the pieces, coinciding with the festival of ploughing.

Papyrus was replaced in Europe by the cheaper, locally produced products parchment and vellum, of significantly higher durability in moist climates, though Henri Pirenne's connection of its disappearance with the Muslim overrunning of Egypt is contended.

Papyrus was made in several qualities and prices ; these are listed, with minor differences, both by Pliny and Isidore of Seville.

Papyrus is still used by communities living in the vicinity of swamps, to the extent that rural householders derive up to 75 % of their income from swamp goods.

* Tale of Two Brothers from the Egyptian Papyrus D ’ Orbiney by the scribe Ennana.

The only genuinely ancient items-Moscow Mathematical Papyrus and Story of Wenamun-had been contributed by Vladimir Golenishchev three years earlier.

Perhaps most intriguing in terms of the pre-Dynasty XX connections between temples of Set and nearby temples of his consort Nephthys is the evidence of Papyrus Bologna, which preserves a most irritable complaint lodged by one Pra ' em-hab, Prophet of the " House of Seth " in the now-lost town of Punodjem (" The Sweet Place ").

* " The Papyrus of Nephren-Ka " by Robert C. Culp

Grand Prix Legends ( nicknamed GPL ) is a computer racing simulator developed by Papyrus Design Group and published in 1998 by Sierra Entertainment.

The game, developed under the direction of David Kaemmer and Randy Cassidy, was published in 1998 by the Papyrus division of Sierra Entertainment.

Here, as Papyrus Wilbour notes in its wealth of taxation records and land assessments, the temple of Nephthys was a specific foundation by Ramesses II, located in close proximity to ( or within ) the precinct of the enclosure of Set.

The Papyrus Bologna records a complaint lodged by a prophet of the temple of Set in that town regarding undue taxation in his regard.

One aspect of ancient Egyptian funerary literature which often is mistaken for a codified ethic of Maat is Spell ( Chapter ) 125 of the Book of the Dead or Papyrus of Ani ( known to the ancient Egyptians as The Book of Going Forth by Day ).

Papyrus sedge ( and its close relatives ) has a very long history of use by humans, notably by the Ancient Egyptians — it is the source of papyrus paper, parts of it can be eaten, and the highly buoyant stems can be made into boats.

The Great Harris Papyrus or Papyrus Harris I, which was commissioned by his son and chosen successor Ramesses IV, chronicles this king's vast donations of land, gold statues and monumental construction to Egypt's various temples at Piramesse, Heliopolis, Memphis, Athribis, Hermopolis, This, Abydos, Coptos, El Kab and other cities in Nubia and Syria.

Wente describes the " Satirical Letter " found on the Papyrus Anastasi I of the Nineteenth Dynasty as an epistle which was commonly copied as a writing exercise by Egyptian schoolchildren on ceramic ostraca ( over eighty examples of which have been found so far by archaeologists ).

In 1874 he edited the celebrated medical papyrus ( Papyrus Ebers ) which he had discovered in Thebes ( translation by H. Joachim, 1890 ).

In December 2009 Friederike Seyfried, the director of Berlin's Egyptian Museum and Papyrus Collection, presented to the Egyptians documents held by the museum regarding the discovery of the bust which include a protocol signed by the German excavator of the bust and the Egyptian Antiquities Service.

The Egyptian Rhind papyrus of 1800BC gives the area of a circle as ( 64 / 81 ) < sup > 2 </ sup >, where is the diameter of the circle, and pi approximated to 256 / 81, a number that appears in the older Moscow Mathematical Papyrus, and used for volume approximations ( i. e. hekat ( volume unit )).

< center > A page from the Ebers Papyrus, the most complete and extensive of surviving ancient herbals .</ center >

The characters in bold style are the ones that can be seen in Papyrus < sup > 52 </ sup >.

The early date for < sup > 52 </ sup > favoured by many New Testament scholars has been challenged by Andreas Schmidt, who favours a date around 170 AD, plus or minus twenty-five years ; on the basis of a comparison with Chester Beatty Papyrus X and with the redated Egerton Gospel.

The verses included in < sup > 52 </ sup > are also witnessed in Bodmer Papyrus < sup > 66 </ sup > – usually dated to the beginning of the 3rd century CE – there is also some overlap with < sup > 60 </ sup > and < sup > 90 </ sup > of the 7th and 2nd centuries respectively.

* Papyrus 2 ( or P < sup > 2 </ sup >), a papyrus New Testament manuscript

* Papyrus 64 ( or P < sup > 64 </ sup >), the Magdalen papyrus, one of the oldest fragments of a New Testament manuscript