His political career began in the 1880s under Charles Stewart Parnell's leadership of the Irish Parliamentary Party ( IPP ), and continued into the 1920s, when he was the first Governor-General of the Irish Free State.

After Parnell's death in 1891, Redmond took over leadership of the Parnellite rump of the split party, the Irish National League ( INL ), where he soon demonstrated both his organisational ability and his considerable rhetorical skills.

By 1891 he had become disillusioned with Parnell's political leadership, although emotionally loyal to him he tried to persuade him to retire after the O ' Shea divorce case.

* 6 December-After five days of discussion and argument about Parnell's leadership, 44 members of the Irish parliamentary Party walk out of the meeting and withdraw from the Party.

Parnell's movement proved to be a broad church, from conservative landowners to the Land League which was campaigning for fundamental reform of Irish landholding, where most farms were held on rental from large aristocratic estates.

He became Parnell's secretary, but was denied contact to Parnell's small inner circle of political colleagues.

Parnell's grandfather William Parnell ( 1780 – 1821 ), who inherited the Avondale Estate in 1795, was a liberal Irish MP for Wicklow from 1817 – 1820.

Parnell's parents separated when he was six, and as a boy he was sent to different schools in England, where he spent an unhappy youth.

During Parnell's highly successful tour, he had an audience with American President Rutherford B. Hayes, on 2 February 1880 he addressed the House of Representatives on the state of Ireland and spoke in 62 cities including in Canada, where he was so well received in Toronto that Healy dubbed him " the uncrowned king of Ireland ".

Parnell's own newspaper, the United Ireland, attacked the Land Act and he was arrested on 13 October 1881 together with his party lieutenants, William O ' Brien, John Dillon, Michael Davitt and Willie Redmond, who had also conducted a bitter verbal offensive.

A central aspect of Parnell's reforms was a new selection procedure to ensure the professional selection of party candidates committed to taking their seats.

Parnell's task was now to win acceptance of the principle of a Dublin parliament.

On each occasion, Parnell's demands were entirely within the accepted parameters of Liberal thinking, Gladstone noting that he was one of the best people he had known to deal with, a remarkable transition from an inmate at Kilmainham to an intimate at Hawarden in just over seven years.

This was the high point of Parnell's career.

A divorce decree was granted on 17 November 1890 and Parnell's two children were placed in O ' Shea's custody ( his first child having died when he was in Kilmainham Gaol ).

The Catholic Church hierarchy in Ireland was largely silent, some bishops explicitly declaring the issue to be purely political, though divorce is forbidden under Catholic doctrine and most of Parnell's supporters were members of the Catholic Church.

This was taking a great risk with his health, for Parnell was suffering from a serious kidney disease. Parnell's grave in the predominantly Catholic Church | Catholic Glasnevin Cemetery in Dublin, alongside Éamon de Valera, Michael Collins ( Irish leader ) | Michael Collins and Daniel O ' Connell.

Charles Stewart Parnell: A Memoir, H. Holt, New York, 1914The author was Parnell's brother.

The Irish Independent was formed in 1905 as the direct successor to the Daily Irish Independent, an 1890s pro-Parnellite newspaper, and was launched by William Martin Murphy, a controversial Irish nationalist businessman, staunch anti-Parnellite and fellow townsman of Parnell's most venomous opponent, Bantry's Timothy Michael Healy.

However, Parnell's policy of allying his party to Gladstone's Liberal Party in 1886 to enable Home Rule was also ultimately defeated by the murders.

Although Parnell and some other Home Rulers, such as Isaac Butt, were Protestants, Parnell's party was overwhelmingly Catholic.

Parnell's political opponents pointed out that he was the only non-Catholic MP in his party.

In 1957 he wrote and appeared in an edition of Val Parnell's Saturday Spectacular, the first of two shows in this series that he wrote for Peter Sellers.

Initially a passionate supporter of Parnell, he became disenchanted with his leader after the first clash occurred in 1886 when Healy opposed Parnell's party nomination of Captain William O ’ Shea to stand for Galway City.

Fields regularly performed in TV appearances, being the first entertainer to perform on Val Parnell's Sunday Night at the London Palladium.

On " Awful Night ," the first 1, 000 fans received a photo of general manager Todd Parnell's gall bladder, and one " lucky " fan won Parnell's actual gall bladder.

Lola made its first foray into Formula One in 1962, supplying Lola Mk4 cars to Reg Parnell's Bowmaker-Yeoman Racing Team, with John Surtees and Roy Salvadori as drivers.

In 1947 he first drove Reg Parnell's " The Challenger " in the British Empire Trophy and Reg's ERA E type ( GP1 ) at Lausanne both ending in retirements.

Before Woodcote, the first corner, Chiron's Talbot-Lago T26C took the lead, followed by Parnell's Maserati 4CLT and Johnson's ERA.

The 35-volume commission report published in February 1890, did not however clear Parnell's movement of criminal involvement.

" Some significance can be given to Parnell's penultimate words when lying on his deathbed, he invoked not Mother Ireland, but rather ' the Conservative party '.

Despite his differences with Parnell on the land question, he was a strong supporter of the alliance between the Liberal Party and the Irish Parliamentary Party and maintained this position in 1890 when the party split over Parnell's divorce case.

In 1889, the scandal surrounding Parnell's divorce proceedings split the Irish party, when it became public that Parnell, popularly acclaimed as the ' Uncrowned King of Ireland ', had for many years been living in a family relationship with Mrs. Katharine O ' Shea, the long separated wife of a fellow MP.

Gainey ), another ex-con Jimmie befriended on the inside, assists Rainwood in his cause, along with Jimmie's wife Kate ( Laila Robins ), who learns of Scalise and Parnell's involvement in the cover-up when they begin to harass her.

" With tradesmen in short supply the employer was forced to accept Parnell's terms.

After a series of defeats, on 15 November 1830 Henry Parnell's motion for an inquiry into the civil list was carried by 233 to 204 ; this defeat surprised Wellington and his cabinet and forced their resignation.

This led to Parnell's being deserted by a majority of his own Irish Parliamentary Party and to his downfall as its leader in December 1890 following Katharine's November divorce proceedings from Captain O ' Shea, in which Parnell was named as co-respondent.

: In the eve of a former Havenite admiral, Amos Parnell's arrival to Old Earth to testify against the excesses and crimes of the Havenite regime, Helen Zilwicki, daughter of Captain Anton Zilwicki of the Royal Manticoran Navy, finds herself in the midst of an underground fight between StateSec agents, anti-slavery terrorists, mercenaries and an unscrupulous supercorporation centered on the rogue planet of Mesa, " Manpower Incorporated ".

Following the scandal that erupted over Parnell's relationship with Kitty O ' Shea, the separated wife of fellow MP Captain Willie O ' Shea, Archbishop Croke withdrew from active participation in nationalist politics.

Works using this technique for which he became well known included the engravings for Oliver Goldsmith's Traveller and Deserted Village, for Thomas Parnell's Hermit, for William Somervile's Chase.

Parnell's movement campaigned for ' Home Rule ', by which they meant that Ireland would govern itself as a region within the United Kingdom, in contrast to O ' Connell who wanted complete independence subject to a shared monarch and Crown.

Ultimately the O ' Shea divorce issue and Parnell's premature death changed the shape of late 19th century politics, to an extent that can be but speculated.

With the split in the Irish Parliamentary Party over Parnell's relationship with Katherine O ' Shea, its readership split too.

When the Irish Parliamentary Party split over Parnell's long-standing family relationship with Katharine O ' Shea, the previously separated wife of a fellow MP, whom he later married, Redmond stood by his deposed leader in the dispute.

As the Irish nationalist movement recovered in the 1890s from the division caused by Parnell's relationship with Mrs O ' Shea, it embraced Gaelic games and a growing Irish language revival movement, which were often encouraged by the Catholic Church for the good of its parishioners, but which also alienated Irish Protestants.

Parnell's enemies, in order to damage him personally, called her " Kitty O ' Shea " because at that time " kitty ", as well as being an Hiberno-English version of Catherine / Katherine / Katharine, was also a slang term for a prostitute.

O ' Connor was elected Member of Parliament for Galway Borough in the 1880 general election, as a representative of Charles Stewart Parnell's Home Rule League.

A supporter of Parnell, Joyce was crushed by what he saw as Parnell's betrayal and death following the revelation of his adultery with Kitty O ' Shea.

Parnell's movement also campaigned for the right of Ireland to govern herself as a region within the United Kingdom, in contrast to O ' Connell who had wanted a complete repeal of the Act of Union.

Since his Broadway debut in " Yentl " Shea has continued to work in Off-Broadway and Broadway theatre productions, starring in Arthur Kopit's End of the World with Linda Hunt, directed by Hal Prince, Paula Vogel's How I Learned to Drive with Molly Ringwold, Anne Meara's Down the Garden Paths with Eli Wallach and Anne Jackson, Eugene O ' Neill's Long Day's Journey Into Night ( Joseph Jefferson Award nom., Best Actor ), the original production of A. R. Gurney's The Dining Room, Peter Parnell's The Sorrows of Stephen, Bulgakov's The Master and Margarita, Poliakoff's American Days, for which he received a " Best Actor " nomination from the Drama Desk Awards, Romeo and Juliet, Philip Barry's The Animal Kingdom with Sigourney Weaver, Nancy Hasty's The Director, directed by Evan Bergman, and Israel Horowitz's The Secret of Madame Bonnard's Bath in 2007.