Its origins are traced back to the eight-hour working day movement that arose in the newly founded Wellington colony in 1840, primarily because of carpenter Samuel Parnell's refusal to work more than eight hours a day.

Parnell's movement campaigned for ' Home Rule ', by which they meant that Ireland would govern itself as a region within the United Kingdom, in contrast to O ' Connell who wanted complete independence subject to a shared monarch and Crown.

The 35-volume commission report published in February 1890, did not however clear Parnell's movement of criminal involvement.

As the Irish nationalist movement recovered in the 1890s from the division caused by Parnell's relationship with Mrs O ' Shea, it embraced Gaelic games and a growing Irish language revival movement, which were often encouraged by the Catholic Church for the good of its parishioners, but which also alienated Irish Protestants.

Parnell's movement proved to be a broad one, from conservative landowners to the Land League.

Parnell's movement also campaigned for the right of Ireland to govern herself as a region within the United Kingdom, in contrast to O ' Connell who had wanted a complete repeal of the Act of Union.

At that time he appeared to be trying to create a separate Welsh national party modelled on Parnell's Irish Parliamentary Party and worked towards a union of the North and South Wales Liberal Federations.

The Catholic Church hierarchy in Ireland was largely silent, some bishops explicitly declaring the issue to be purely political, though divorce is forbidden under Catholic doctrine and most of Parnell's supporters were members of the Catholic Church.

" Some significance can be given to Parnell's penultimate words when lying on his deathbed, he invoked not Mother Ireland, but rather ' the Conservative party '.

The scale of Parnell's impact can be seen in the fact that parties from Fianna Fáil and Fine Gael have tried to claim him as " one of their own ".

Ultimately the O ' Shea divorce issue and Parnell's premature death changed the shape of late 19th century politics, to an extent that can be but speculated.

Parnell's death shocks the character Eleanor in Virginia Woolf's novel The Years, published in 1937: "... how could he be dead?

Detractors quoted Charles Stewart Parnell's Cincinnati speech in which he claimed to be collecting money for " bread and lead ".

Parnell's grandfather William Parnell ( 1780 – 1821 ), who inherited the Avondale Estate in 1795, was a liberal Irish MP for Wicklow from 1817 – 1820.

On each occasion, Parnell's demands were entirely within the accepted parameters of Liberal thinking, Gladstone noting that he was one of the best people he had known to deal with, a remarkable transition from an inmate at Kilmainham to an intimate at Hawarden in just over seven years.

This was taking a great risk with his health, for Parnell was suffering from a serious kidney disease. Parnell's grave in the predominantly Catholic Church | Catholic Glasnevin Cemetery in Dublin, alongside Éamon de Valera, Michael Collins ( Irish leader ) | Michael Collins and Daniel O ' Connell.

On Parnell's death that year and the ensuing IPP split, he remained aloof from aligning himself with either side of the Party, either the rump pro-Parnellite Irish National League ( INL ) led by John Redmond MP or with the anti-Parnellite Irish National Federation ( INF ) group under John Dillon, although he saw the weight of strength in the latter.

This led to Parnell's being deserted by a majority of his own Irish Parliamentary Party and to his downfall as its leader in December 1890 following Katharine's November divorce proceedings from Captain O ' Shea, in which Parnell was named as co-respondent.

Dunn has sung guest vocals on other artists ' songs, including Lee Roy Parnell's mid-1994 cover of the Hank Williams song " Take These Chains from My Heart " ( from the album On the Road ), " Try Me " on Trisha Yearwood's 2005 album Jasper County, " Raise the Barn " on Keith Urban's 2006 album Love, Pain & the Whole Crazy Thing, and Ashley Monroe's 2006 single " I Don't Want To ".

By the time of Parnell's death in 1891, Joyce had spent most of his inheritance and had been pensioned from his post at the custom house.

The earliest poem attributed to the Graveyard school was Thomas Parnell's A Night-Piece on Death ( 1721, this and following years link to corresponding " in poetry " articles ) in which King Death himself gives an address from his kingdom of bones:

* the Hermit and the Angel, later known from Thomas Parnell's version ;

In 1952 Scott joined Jack Parnell's orchestra, then led his own nine-piece group and quintet featuring among others, Pete King, with whom he would later open his jazz club, Victor Feldman, Hank Shaw and Phil Seamen from 1953 to 1956.

* Daniel, a student from Jimmy Fallon's " Jarrett's Room " sketch who lived in the dorm next to Jarret and Gobi and always falls for their bogus tricks to get girls ( because of Parnell's short-lived termination, Parnell's Daniel was replaced by Jeff Richards's character, Jeff, a jock whose gross habits are always caught on Jarret's webcam )

* 6 December-After five days of discussion and argument about Parnell's leadership, 44 members of the Irish parliamentary Party walk out of the meeting and withdraw from the Party.

Following the scandal that erupted over Parnell's relationship with Kitty O ' Shea, the separated wife of fellow MP Captain Willie O ' Shea, Archbishop Croke withdrew from active participation in nationalist politics.

( Incidentally, Parnell's cabin was, unbeknownst to Steven, located only several hundred feet from his maternal grandfather's residence.

After the police checked into Parnell's background they found a previous sodomy conviction from 1951.

Since his Broadway debut in " Yentl " Shea has continued to work in Off-Broadway and Broadway theatre productions, starring in Arthur Kopit's End of the World with Linda Hunt, directed by Hal Prince, Paula Vogel's How I Learned to Drive with Molly Ringwold, Anne Meara's Down the Garden Paths with Eli Wallach and Anne Jackson, Eugene O ' Neill's Long Day's Journey Into Night ( Joseph Jefferson Award nom., Best Actor ), the original production of A. R. Gurney's The Dining Room, Peter Parnell's The Sorrows of Stephen, Bulgakov's The Master and Margarita, Poliakoff's American Days, for which he received a " Best Actor " nomination from the Drama Desk Awards, Romeo and Juliet, Philip Barry's The Animal Kingdom with Sigourney Weaver, Nancy Hasty's The Director, directed by Evan Bergman, and Israel Horowitz's The Secret of Madame Bonnard's Bath in 2007.

Parnell's own newspaper, the United Ireland, attacked the Land Act and he was arrested on 13 October 1881 together with his party lieutenants, William O ' Brien, John Dillon, Michael Davitt and Willie Redmond, who had also conducted a bitter verbal offensive.

After Parnell's death in 1891, Redmond took over leadership of the Parnellite rump of the split party, the Irish National League ( INL ), where he soon demonstrated both his organisational ability and his considerable rhetorical skills.

O ' Connor was elected Member of Parliament for Galway Borough in the 1880 general election, as a representative of Charles Stewart Parnell's Home Rule League.

Works using this technique for which he became well known included the engravings for Oliver Goldsmith's Traveller and Deserted Village, for Thomas Parnell's Hermit, for William Somervile's Chase.

Oliver Goldsmith wrote a biography of Parnell which often accompanied later editions of Parnell's works.

In 1963, he moved to Tim Parnell's team which were running Lolas, but he struggled again with his single Championship entry seeing him finish 13th at the British Grand Prix.

His political career began in the 1880s under Charles Stewart Parnell's leadership of the Irish Parliamentary Party ( IPP ), and continued into the 1920s, when he was the first Governor-General of the Irish Free State.

He became Parnell's secretary, but was denied contact to Parnell's small inner circle of political colleagues.

Parnell's parents separated when he was six, and as a boy he was sent to different schools in England, where he spent an unhappy youth.

During Parnell's highly successful tour, he had an audience with American President Rutherford B. Hayes, on 2 February 1880 he addressed the House of Representatives on the state of Ireland and spoke in 62 cities including in Canada, where he was so well received in Toronto that Healy dubbed him " the uncrowned king of Ireland ".

A central aspect of Parnell's reforms was a new selection procedure to ensure the professional selection of party candidates committed to taking their seats.

Parnell's task was now to win acceptance of the principle of a Dublin parliament.

This was the high point of Parnell's career.

Parnell's leadership was first put to the test in February 1886 when he forced the candidature of Captain William O ' Shea, who had negotiated the Kilmainham Treaty, for a Galway seat by-election.

A divorce decree was granted on 17 November 1890 and Parnell's two children were placed in O ' Shea's custody ( his first child having died when he was in Kilmainham Gaol ).

Charles Stewart Parnell: A Memoir, H. Holt, New York, 1914The author was Parnell's brother.

The Irish Independent was formed in 1905 as the direct successor to the Daily Irish Independent, an 1890s pro-Parnellite newspaper, and was launched by William Martin Murphy, a controversial Irish nationalist businessman, staunch anti-Parnellite and fellow townsman of Parnell's most venomous opponent, Bantry's Timothy Michael Healy.

However, Parnell's policy of allying his party to Gladstone's Liberal Party in 1886 to enable Home Rule was also ultimately defeated by the murders.

Although Parnell and some other Home Rulers, such as Isaac Butt, were Protestants, Parnell's party was overwhelmingly Catholic.

Parnell's political opponents pointed out that he was the only non-Catholic MP in his party.