In 1850 Paul Julius Reuter founded the Reuters News Agency in Aachen which transferred messages between Brussels and Aachen using carrier pigeons.

The influence of his friends procured for him, from Pope Paul II ( 1464 – 71 ), the bishopric of Savona, and in 1473, with the support of Giuliano Della Rovere, later Pope Julius II, he was made cardinal by Pope Sixtus IV, whom he succeeded on 29 August 1484 as Pope Innocent VIII.

According to John Julius Norwich, the traditional first doge of Venice, Paolo Lucio Anafesto, was actually Exarch Paul, and his successor, Marcello Tegalliano, Paul's magister militum ( General ; literally, " Master of Soldiers.

* February 8 – Pope Julius III succeeds Pope Paul III as the 221st pope.

On November 16 he converted to Christianity during a ceremony at St. George's German Lutheran Chapel in London and changed his name to Paul Julius Reuter.

On February 25, 1999, the Reuters News Agency commemorated the 100th anniversary of the death of its founder by launching a university award ( Paul Julius Reuter Innovation Award ) in Germany.

cs: Paul Julius Reuter

da: Paul Julius Reuter

de: Paul Julius Reuter

fr: Paul Julius Reuter

hr: Paul Julius Reuter

it: Paul Julius Reuter

ku: Paul Julius Reuter

hu: Paul Julius Reuter

nl: Paul Julius Reuter

no: Paul Julius von Reuter

pt: Paul Julius Reuter

fi: Paul Julius Reuter

Two of his employees, Paul Julius Reuter and Bernhard Wolff, later set up rival news agencies in London and Berlin respectively.

From that time his success was assured, and he was largely employed by the popes Julius III and Paul IV, by the della Rovere duke of Urbino, and by other rich patrons.

It is named after Julius Wadsworth, who was on the board of directors for the Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railroad, which passes through the village.

Some famous people who have lived in Warren are Minnesota Supreme Court Justice Julius J. Olson, Minnesota Chief Justice Oscar Knutson, ophthalmologist Harold Scheie, founder of the Scheie Eye Institute, abstract painter Gerome Kamrowski, Civil Rights activist Joseph Steffan, and rock critic Paul Nelson.

The important works which have perished include the uncompleted chalice intended for Clement VII ; a gold cover for a prayer book as a gift from Pope Paul III to Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor – both described at length in his autobiography ; large silver statues of Jupiter, Vulcan and Mars, wrought for Francis I during his sojourn in Paris ; a bust of Julius Caesar ; and a silver cup for the cardinal of Ferrara.

It later becomes known that the librettist, " Paul Schott ", is Korngold's father Julius.

Under Leopold I ( 1658 – 1705 ) the term again became Hofkanzler with Johann Paul Freiherr von Hocher ( 1667-1683 ), and Theodor von Strattman ( 1683-1693 ).

* Paul Freiherr Eltz von Rübenach – Minister of Posts and Transport

* Paul Freiherr von Eltz-Rübenach ( 1875-1943 ), Reich Minister of Mail and Transport from 1932 until 1937

Freiherr Reinhard Koenig-Fachsenfeld " developed a body style whose tail was cut off to form a flat rear surface " to reduce the air turbulence caused by the apparently streamlined, but steeply raked roofs of cars that used Paul Jaray's principles.

Thus, the Habsburgs were interested in Frederick William I changing from the Swedish to their camp, and sent diplomat Franz Paul Freiherr von Lisola to mediate a respective settlement.

The preliminary treaty of Wehlau had been signed on 19 September 1657 by Frederick William I's envoys von Schwerin and von Somnitz, as well as by Warmian ( Ermland ) bishop Wacław Leszczyński and Wincenty Korwin Gosiewski for the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, and Habsburg delegate and mediator Franz Paul Freiherr von Lisola.

* Paul ( Julius Freiherr von ) Reuter ( Israel Beer Josaphat ), founder of Reuters news service

On the 400th anniversary of the Protestant Reformation, in 1917, the Flensburg pastor Friedrich Andersen, the writer Adolf Bartels and Hans Paul Freiherr von Wolzogen presented 95 Thesen on which a " German Christianity on a Protestant basis " should be founded.

* Gen. Paul Freiherr Puhallo von Brlog-1915-1916

On 2 June 1932 Paul Freiherr von Eltz-Rübenach was appointed Reichspost Minister by Chancellor Franz von Papen and he maintained his office upon the Machtergreifung of the Nazi Party in 1933, ' assisted ' by Nazi state secretary Wilhelm Ohnesorge.

Like Stuckart, who held most effective power in the Interior Ministry ( officially led by Wilhelm Frick ) or Wilhelm Ohnesorge in the Reichspostministry ( officially led by the conservative Paul Freiherr von Eltz-Rübenach ), Backe was the de facto Minister of Agriculture, under Richard Walther Darré, even before Hitler appointed him as such.

nl: Paul Freiherr Kray von Krajowa

* 1925 – Paul von Hindenburg defeats Wilhelm Marx in the second round of the German presidential election to become the first directly elected head of state of the Weimar Republic.

* 1881 – Paul Ludwig Ewald von Kleist, German field marshal ( d. 1954 )

* 1914 – The First Russian Army, led by Paul von Rennenkampf, enters East Prussia.

* 1914 – World War I: Battle of Stallupönen – The German army of General Hermann von François defeats the Russian force commanded by Paul von Rennenkampf near modern-day Nesterov, Russia.

The term was first used in the early 20th century by Paul Lapie, in 1902, and Eduard von Hartmann, in 1908.

In March 1933, one month after the Reichstag fire, the then president, Paul von Hindenburg, a retired war hero, gave Hitler ultimate power through Enabling Act of 1933, he remained at the post of Federal Government Chancellor ( though he called himself the Führer ).

The structure of crystalline solids was studied by Max von Laue and Paul Knipping, when they observed the x-ray diffraction pattern of crystals, and concluded that crystals get their structure from periodic lattices of atoms.

In the latter part of the war, Germany was practically a military dictatorship, with the Supreme High Command ( German: OHL, " Oberste Heeresleitung ") and General Field Marshal Paul von Hindenburg as commander-in-chief advising the Kaiser.

Just a Gigolo ( 1979 ), an Anglo-German co-production directed by David Hemmings, saw Bowie in the lead role as Prussian officer Paul von Przygodski, who, returning from World War I, is discovered by a Baroness ( Marlene Dietrich ) and put into her Gigolo Stable.

* 1930 – Paul von Ragué Schleyer, American chemist

During World War II, in order to protect it from advancing allied forces, Hitler ordered the king ’ s coffin, as well as those of Frederick the Great and Paul von Hindenburg, into hiding, first to Berlin and later to a salt mine outside of Bernestrode.

# One day after the Reichstag fire on February 27, 1933, President of Germany Paul von Hindenburg, acting at Hitler's request and on the basis of the emergency powers in article 48 of the Weimar Constitution, issued the Reichstag Fire Decree.

The high command under Paul von Hindenburg and Erich Ludendorff increasingly controlled the Reich as they gambled on one last offensive in spring 1918 ( before the Americans could arrive in force ).

The Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam in the Sri Lankan Civil War, the Afghan Mujahideen in the Soviet war in Afghanistan, George Grivas and Nikos Sampson's Greek guerrilla group EOKA in Cyprus, Aris Velouchiotis and Stefanos Sarafis and the EAM against the Axis occupation of Greece during World War II, Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck and the German Schutztruppe in World War I, Josip Broz Tito and the Yugoslav Partisans in World War II, and the antifrancoist guerrilla in Spain during the Franco dictatorship, the Kosovo Liberation Army in the Kosovo War, and the Irish Republican Army led by Michael Collins during the Irish War of Independence.

Hitler led a short-lived coalition government and was appointed chancellor of Germany by President Paul von Hindenburg on 30 January 1933.

By 1932, power had shifted to such an extent that the German President, Paul von Hindenburg, was able to dismiss a chancellor and select his own person for the job, even though the outgoing chancellor possessed the confidence of the Reichstag while the new chancellor did not.

When Hitler was appointed Reich Chancellor of Germany on 30 January 1933, Goebbels was initially given no office: the coalition cabinet Hitler headed contained only a minority of Nazis as part of the deal he had negotiated with President Paul von Hindenburg and the conservative parties.

This led to a complex set of intrigues that saw von Papen and various friends of President Paul von Hindenburg negotiating with Hitler to oust von Schleicher.

However Lt Col Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck took command of the German military forces, determined to tie down as many British resources as possible.

Despite this, as late as the day before President Paul von Hindenburg appointed Hitler Chancellor, Gustav warned him not to do so.

Paul Hirsch and H .- E. Lohmann, Die Sachsengeschichte des Widukind von Korvei.

The situation changed rapidly in the years 1925 – 1930, when working mathematical foundations were found through the groundbreaking work of Erwin Schrödinger, Werner Heisenberg, Max Born, Pascual Jordan, and the foundational work of John von Neumann, Hermann Weyl and Paul Dirac, and it became possible to unify several different approaches in terms of a fresh set of ideas.