* Arafat, Karim W. 1996, Pausanias ' Greece: Ancient Artists and Roman Rulers ( Cambridge ).

* Habicht, Christian 1985, Pausanias ' Guide to Ancient Greece ( Berkeley ).

The Ancient Greek aphorism " Know thyself ", Greek:, English phonetics pronunciation: ( also with the ε contracted ), was inscribed in the pronaos ( forecourt ) of the Temple of Apollo at Delphi according to the Greek periegetic ( travelogue ) writer Pausanias ( 10. 24. 1 ).

The most famous guide, however, still useful to Classicists today, is Pausanias ' 2nd-century CE guide to the interesting places, works of architecture and sculpture and curious ancient customs of Ancient Greece.

* 479 BC – Greco-Persian Wars: Persian forces led by Mardonius are routed by Pausanias, the Spartan commander of the Greek army in the Battle of Plataea.

The abduction of Cassandra by Ajax was frequently represented in Greek works of art, for instance on the chest of Cypselus described by Pausanias and in extant works.

According to ancient sources, ( Plutarch Theseus, Pausanias ), Amazon tombs could be found frequently throughout what was once known as the ancient Greek world.

The 2nd-century Greek geographer Pausanias provides the greatest amount of information in the eighth book of his Description of Greece, where he discusses Lykaion ’ s mythological, historical, and physical characteristics in detail.

According to Pausanias and the Greek historian Polybius, an inscribed pillar ( stele ) was erected near the altar of Zeus on Mt.

Many of these writers used Pausanias as their guide to the geography and sights of the region, but were also concerned to correlate modern Greek place-names with ancient evidence.

Their accomplishments defying the odds were some of the most inspiring of ancient Greek athletics and they served as inspiration to the Hellenic world for centuries, as Pausanias, the ancient traveller and writer indicates when he re-tells these stories in his narrative of his travels around Greece.

In the second century BC, the Greek geographer Pausanias relates the story of Lycaon, who was transformed into a wolf because he had ritually murdered a child.

* Pausanias, Greek historian and geographer

* 479 Pausanias, Greek general routs Mardonius at the Battle of Plataea

While the king was entering unprotected into the town's theater ( highlighting his approachability to the Greek diplomats present ), he was killed by Pausanias of Orestis, one of his seven bodyguards.

* With the help of the Athenian statesman and general, Cimon, Aristides commands an Athenian fleet of 30 ships that the Spartan commander Pausanias leads to free the Greek cities on Cyprus and capture Byzantium from the Persians and their Phoenician allies.

His ability to compose tastefully and poignantly on military themes put him in great demand among Greek states after their defeat of the second Persian invasion, when he is known to have composed epitaphs for Athenians, Spartans and Corinthians, a commemorative song for Leonidas and his men, a dedicatory epigram for Pausanias, and poems on the battles of Artemisium, Salamis, and Plataea.

Pausanias describes a painting of Iphis, Diomede and Briseis admiring Helen's beauty as the latter has been brought back to the Greek camp from the sacked Troy.

On the Greek mainland, at Olympia, an archaic shrine with an inner cella sacred to the serpent-savior of the city ( Sosipolis ) and to Eileithyia was seen by the traveller Pausanias in the 2nd century AD ( Greece vi. 20. 1 – 3 ); in it a virgin-priestess cared for a serpent that was " fed " on honeyed barley-cakes and water — an offering suited to Demeter.

Celeus or Keleus () was the king of Eleusis in Greek mythology, husband of Metaneira and father of several daughters, who are called Callidice, Demo, Cleisidice and Callithoe in the Homeric Hymn to Demeter, and Diogeneia, Pammerope and Saesara by Pausanias.

Pausanias ( 5. 10. 4, 8. 47. 5, many other places ), a geographer of the second century A. D., supplies the details of where and how the Gorgons were represented in Greek art and architecture.

Pausanias says this is the reason for the Homeric epithet Acherōïda for the white poplar, which was also called leukē in Greek.

Protesilaus was the first to land: " the first man who dared to leap ashore when the Greek fleet touched the Troad, Pausanias recalled, quoting " the author of the epic called the Cypria ".

To his Frankfurt period belong the editions of Pausanias, Herodotus, Dionysius Halicarnassensis ( one of his best pieces of work, highly praised by Carsten Niebuhr ), Aristotle, the Greek and Latin sources for the history of the Roman emperors and the Peri syntaxeos of Apollonius Dyscolus.

The monuments of Greek antiquity were known chiefly from Pausanias and other literary sources.

According to Herodotus, the Spartan general Pausanias led an allied Greek defense against Mardonius ' Persian forces.

Pausanias noted that for about half a century the only event at the ancient Greek Olympic festival was the race that comprised one length of the stade at Olympia, where the word " stadium " originated.

He was thoroughly familiar with the works of Greek and Latin authors, especially those of Pausanias and Pliny the Elder, which bore upon the subject in which he was most interested ; but he had little taste for the minutiae of verbal criticism.

While discussing the Greek conception of the river delta in ancient Greek literature, Francis Celoria notes that both Ptolemy and Pausanias of the 2nd century AD provided gazetteer information on geographical terms.

The representation of Aphrodite Ourania, with a foot resting on a tortoise, was read later as emblematic of discretion in conjugal love ; the image is credited to Phidias, in a chryselephantine sculpture made for Elis, of which we have only a passing remark by Pausanias.

Agathon was the lifelong companion of Pausanias, with whom he appears in both the Symposium and Plato's Protagoras.

Together with Pausanias, he later moved to the court of Archelaus, king of Macedon, who was recruiting playwrights ; it is here that he probably died around 401 BC.

Pausanias, the second king of Sparta ( see Spartan Constitution for more information on Sparta's dual monarchy ), was supposed to provide Lysander with reinforcements as they marched into Boeotia, yet failed to arrive in time to assist Lysander, likely because Pausanias disliked him for his brash and arrogant attitude towards the Spartan royalty and government.

Pausanias failed to fight for the bodies of the dead, and because he retrieved the bodies under truce ( a sign of defeat ), he was disgraced and banished from Sparta.

Pausanias says that he was the author of one of the pediments of the temple of Zeus at Olympia, but this seems a chronological and stylistic impossibility.

Pausanias, also refers to a statue of Ares by Alcamenes that was erected on the Athenian agora, which some have related to the Ares Borghese.

At the wedding Philip was assassinated by Pausanias of Orestis.

According to Pausanias ( 6. 18. 6 ), Anaximenes was " the first who practised the art of speaking extemporaneously.

According to Pausanias, writing in the 2nd century AD, the term ' Achaean ' was originally given to those Greeks inhabiting the Argolis and Laconia.

The siege was successful, but the behaviour of the Spartan general Pausanias alienated many of the Allies, and resulted in Pausanias's recall.

The temple to Ares in the agora of Athens that Pausanias saw in the second century AD had only been moved and rededicated there during the time of Augustus ; in essence it was a Roman temple to the Augustan Mars Ultor.

The temple seems to have been burnt again during the Third Sacred War ( 355 – 346 BCE ), and was in a very dilapidated state when seen by Pausanias in the 2nd century CE, though some restoration, as well as the building of a new temple, was undertaken by Emperor Hadrian.

At Athens, the traveller Pausanias was informed in the second-century CE that the cult of Aphrodite Urania above the Kerameikos was so ancient that it had been established by Aegeus, whose sisters were barren, and he still childless himself.

Among ancient sources, the poet Simonides, another near-contemporary, says the campaign force numbered 200, 000 ; while a later writer, the Roman Cornelius Nepos estimates 200, 000 infantry and 10, 000 cavalry, of which only 100, 000 fought in the battle, while the rest were loaded into the fleet that was rounding Cape Sounion ; Plutarch and Pausanias both independently give 300, 000, as does the Suda dictionary.

The third, as described by Pindar, was created by the gods Hephaestus and Athena, but its architectural details included Siren-like figures or ' Enchantresses ', whose baneful songs eventually provoked the Olympian gods to bury the temple in the earth ( according to Pausanias, it was destroyed by earthquake and fire ).

The second-century CE traveller Pausanias was informed that the abductor of Cephalus was Hemera, goddess of Day.

When Pausanias visited Thebes in Boeotia, in the second century AD, he was shown Hector's tomb and was told that the bones had been transported to Thebes according to a Delphic oracle.