The representation of Aphrodite Ourania, with a foot resting on a tortoise, was read later as emblematic of discretion in conjugal love ; the image is credited to Phidias, in a chryselephantine sculpture made for Elis, of which we have only a passing remark by Pausanias.

Pausanias, the second king of Sparta ( see Spartan Constitution for more information on Sparta's dual monarchy ), was supposed to provide Lysander with reinforcements as they marched into Boeotia, yet failed to arrive in time to assist Lysander, likely because Pausanias disliked him for his brash and arrogant attitude towards the Spartan royalty and government.

The abduction of Cassandra by Ajax was frequently represented in Greek works of art, for instance on the chest of Cypselus described by Pausanias and in extant works.

Pausanias also relates that a gigantic skeleton, its kneecap in diameter, appeared on the beach near Sigeion, on the Trojan coast ; these bones were identified as those of Ajax.

Pausanias, also refers to a statue of Ares by Alcamenes that was erected on the Athenian agora, which some have related to the Ares Borghese.

( However, Pausanias 6. 18. 6 expresses doubt about his authorship of an epic poem on Alexander.

But it appeared wordlessly on the ivory and gold votive chest of the 7th-century BC tyrant Cypselus at Olympia, which was described by Pausanias as showing:

According to Pausanias and the Greek historian Polybius, an inscribed pillar ( stele ) was erected near the altar of Zeus on Mt.

Pausanias records the presence of a mound of earth on the highest point of the mountain, an altar to Zeus Lykaios.

Although Pausanias alludes to secret sacrifices which took place on this altar, he explains that he was reluctant to inquire into these rites due to their extreme antiquity.

Though, according to the 4th-century BC father of botany, Theophrastus, olive trees ordinarily attained an age of about 200 years, he mentions that the very olive tree of Athena still grew on the Acropolis ; it was still to be seen there in the 2nd century AD ; and when Pausanias was shown it, ca 170 AD, he reported " Legend also says that when the Persians fired Athens the olive was burnt down, but on the very day it was burnt it grew again to the height of two cubits.

Pausanias records a grove of Cabeirian Demeter and the Maid, three miles outside the gates of Thebes, where a ritual was performed, so called on the grounds that Demeter gave it to the Cabeiri, who established it at Thebes.

Meanwhile, Pausanias ( i. 24. 7 ) merely noted the subject and moved on.

Pausanias goes on to say that Thucydides was murdered on his way back to Athens.

Pausanias reports that after the synoikismos, Theseus established a cult of Aphrodite Pandemos (" Aphrodite of all the People ") and Peitho on the southern slope of the Acropolis.

Thus, Pausanias ascribes the name to the legendary founder Megapenthes, who was said to have named it either after the cap （ mycēs ） of the sheath of his sword, or after a mushroom he had plucked on the site.

( date disputed by Jerome, Pausanias and Diodorus ; this estimate is based on a reading of Diodorus ' Spartan king lists and Pausanias ' description of the war )

( dating based on Pausanias )

( dating based on Pausanias )

Near Mount Yamanlar in İzmir ( ancient Smyrna ), where the Lake Karagöl ( Lake Tantalus ) associated with the accounts surrounding him is found, is a monument mentioned by Pausanias: the tholos " tomb of Tantalus " ( later Christianized as " Saint Charalambos ' tomb ") and another one in Mount Sipylus, and where a " throne of Pelops ", an altar or bench carved in rock and conjecturally associated with his son is found.

Pausanias, writing in the late 2nd century, records five different versions of what happened to Medea's children after reporting that he has seen a monument for them while traveling in Corinth.

Pausanias was shown what was purported to be the last standing column in the late second century CE ; the same author mentions that Pelops erected a monument in honor of all the suitors before himself, and enlists their names, which are as follows.

Pausanias, who visited Olympia in the second century BC, describes the monument as a large, elongated, flat space, approximately 780 meters long and 320 meters wide ( four stadia long and one stadefour plethra wide ).

He further points out that questioning the honesty of Pausanias is unwarranted, as any well-informed Greek then would probably know the ascription of the monument even centuries after the battle.

He points out that Plutarch, a native of Chaeronea, makes no mention of the monument ; while Pausanias simply refers to it as the graves of Thebans in the Battle of Chaeronea and do not mention the Sacred Band by name.

Pausanias says she won a poetry competition against Pindar in honour of which she had a monument erected to her.

Pausanias ( iii. 18 ) gives us a detailed description of this monument, which is of the greatest value to us, showing the character of Ionic art at the time.

Among ancient sources, the poet Simonides, another near-contemporary, says the campaign force numbered 200, 000 ; while a later writer, the Roman Cornelius Nepos estimates 200, 000 infantry and 10, 000 cavalry, of which only 100, 000 fought in the battle, while the rest were loaded into the fleet that was rounding Cape Sounion ; Plutarch and Pausanias both independently give 300, 000, as does the Suda dictionary.

In addition, Pausanias relates that at the time of the Persian invasion in 480 BC the Athenians were advised by the oracle to put their faith in their " wooden walls " — taking this advice to mean their navy, they won the famous battle at Salamis.

Pausanias ( 2nd century AD ) mentions two buildings resembling pyramids, one, 19 kilometres ( 12 mi ) southwest of the still standing structure at Hellenikon, a common tomb for soldiers who died in a legendary struggle for the throne of Argos and another which he was told was the tomb of Argives killed in a battle around 669 / 8 BC.

Despite opposition from Lysander, after the battle Pausanias the Agiad King of Sparta, arranged a settlement between the two parties which allowed the reunification of Athens and Piraeus, and the re-establishment of democratic government in Athens.

After the battle, the Agiad King of Sparta, Pausanias arranges a settlement between the two parties which allows the reunification of Athens and Piraeus, and the re-establishment of democratic government in Athens.

Pausanias, however, states that Nycteus led the Thebans against Epopeus, but was wounded and carried back to Thebes, where he died after asking Lycus to continue the battle.

According to Pausanias ( c. 2nd century AD ), the Battle of Leuctra was the most decisive battle ever fought by Greeks against Greeks.

Pausanias in his Description of Greece mentions that the Thebans had erected a gigantic statue of a lion near the village of Chaeronea, surmounting the polyandrion (, common tomb ) of the Thebans killed in battle against Philip.

The Sacred Band was also responsible for the victory of Leuctra in 371 BC, called by Pausanias the most decisive battle ever fought by Greeks against Greeks.

Pausanias, the Lacedaimonian hegemon of the Hellenic League in the battle of Platea was accused of Medism by other member states, an accusation which allowed Athens to seize control of the league.

Pausanias, who, however, is undoubtedly wrong, says that he fell in battle.

The much later geographer Pausanias, following on this tradition, names Deucalion as a king of Ozolian Locris and father of Orestheus.

The Roman writers Pliny and Pausanias noted the names of about twenty sculptors in Polykleitos ' school, defined by their adherence to his principles of balance and definition.

In Pausanias Description of Greece, the sibyl names her parents in her oracles:

The identity of names comes from an ancient geologic misunderstanding that the Eurotas and the Alfeios were connected underground, which deceived even Pausanias, one of the best ancient geographers.