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Page "Charles Sanders Peirce" ¶ 13
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Peirce and did
In 1879, Peirce was appointed Lecturer in logic at the new Johns Hopkins University, which was strong in a number of areas that interested him, such as philosophy ( Royce and Dewey did their PhDs at Hopkins ), psychology ( taught by G. Stanley Hall and studied by Joseph Jastrow, who coauthored a landmark empirical study with Peirce ), and mathematics ( taught by J. J. Sylvester, who came to admire Peirce's work on mathematics and logic ).
Peirce also did substantial mathematical calculations for Langley's research on powered flight.
The one who did the most to help Peirce in these desperate times was his old friend William James, dedicating his Will to Believe ( 1897 ) to Peirce, and arranging for Peirce to be paid to give two series of lectures at or near Harvard ( 1898 and 1903 ).
The publication of the first six volumes of the Collected Papers ( 1931 – 35 ), the most important event to date in Peirce studies and one that Cohen made possible by raising the needed funds, did not prompt an outpouring of secondary studies.
The editors of those volumes, Charles Hartshorne and Paul Weiss, did not become Peirce specialists.
Frege developed a similar view ( though later ) in his great work The Foundations of Arithmetic, as did Charles Sanders Peirce ( but Peirce held that the possible and the real are not limited to the actually, individually existent ).
( But note that Peirce did not remain convinced that a single logical form covers all abduction.
Veblen did graduate work at Johns Hopkins University under Charles Sanders Peirce, the founder of the pragmatist school in philosophy ; he took his Ph. D. in 1884 at Yale University with a dissertation on " Ethical Grounds of a Doctrine of Retribution.
Pragmaticism is a term used by Charles Sanders Peirce for his pragmatic philosophy starting in 1905, in order to distance himself and it from pragmatism, the original name, which had been used in a manner he did not approve of in the " literary journals ".
But Peirce did not seize on this fact to enhance his reputation, and even coined the word " pragmaticism " to distinguish his philosophical position.
In the letter to Calderoni, Peirce did not reject all significant affiliation with fellow pragmatists, and instead said " the rest of us ".
" Swank's anonymity as an actress persuaded Peirce to cast her ; Peirce said that she did not want a " known actor " to portray Teena.

Peirce and some
Charles Sanders Peirce, who had read Kant closely and who also had some knowledge of Aristotle, proposed a system of merely three phenomenological categories: Firstness, Secondness, and Thirdness, which he repeatedly invoked in his subsequent writings.
) A. N. Whitehead, while reading some of Peirce's unpublished manuscripts soon after arriving at Harvard in 1924, was struck by how Peirce had anticipated his own " process " thinking.
Peirce consistently characterized it as the kind of inference that originates a hypothesis by concluding in an explanation, though an unassured one, for some very curious or surprising ( anomalous ) observation stated in a premise.
This caused some to argue that Morris misinterpreted Peirce by converting the interpretant into a logically existent thing.
Peirce differed from James and the early John Dewey, in some of their tangential enthusiasms, in being decidedly more rationalistic and realistic, in several senses of those terms, throughout the preponderance of his own philosophical moods.
Starting from the idea that people seek not truth per se but instead to subdue irritating, inhibitory doubt, Peirce shows how, through the struggle, some can come to submit to truth, seek as truth the guidance of potential practice correctly to its given goal, and wed themselves to the scientific method.
Haack's excerpt of Peirce begins below at the words " But at present ...," and continues with some ellipses.
" I believe Peirce was right in holding that all clocks are clouds to some considerable degree — even the most precise of clocks.
The other major semiotic theory developed by C. S. Peirce defines the sign as a triadic relation as " something that stands for something, to someone in some capacity " This means that a sign is a relation between the sign vehicle ( the specific physical form of the sign ), a sign object ( the aspect of the world that the sign carries meaning about ) and an interpretant ( the meaning of the sign as understood by an interpreter ).
" The primary algebra is essentially an elegant minimalist notation for the two-element Boolean algebra, very similar to formal systems that Charles Sanders Peirce devised in work written in the 1880s and 90s ( see entitative graph and existential graph ), but in some cases not published until after the first edition of Laws of Form.
Greble continued to fire at the Confederate positions while Peirce arranged his force and gave them some time to rest.
The area is mainly located within the central catchment area where some of Singapore's reservoirs are located, including MacRitchie Reservoir, Upper Peirce Reservoir and Lower Peirce Reservoir.
Around 1906, Peirce reaffirmed some of the above forms of immortality, but added, " If I am in another life it is sure to be most interesting ; but I cannot imagine how it is going to be me.
In 1843 Peirce retired from the Honolulu business, which became C. Brewer & Co. After some other owners, the name would be changed back by Brewer's nephew, the name it would keep through the 21st century.
In a series of papers beginning in 1867, and culminating with his classic paper in the 1885 American Journal of Mathematics, Peirce developed much of the two-element Boolean algebra, propositional calculus, quantification and the predicate calculus, and some rudimentary set theory.

Peirce and scientific
Between 1859 and 1891, Peirce was intermittently employed in various scientific capacities by the United States Coast Survey, where he enjoyed his highly influential father's protection until the latter's death in 1880.
Brent documents something Peirce never suspected, namely that his efforts to obtain academic employment, grants, and scientific respectability were repeatedly frustrated by the covert opposition of a major Canadian-American scientist of the day, Simon Newcomb.
Associated with the pragmatists, Charles Sanders Peirce, William James, and especially John Dewey, pragmatic ethics holds that moral correctness evolves similarly to scientific knowledge: socially over the course of many lifetimes.
Testing a hypothesis using the data that was used to specify the model is a fallacy, according to the natural science of Bacon and the scientific method of Peirce.
Peirce defines truth as follows: " Truth is that concordance of an abstract statement with the ideal limit towards which endless investigation would tend to bring scientific belief, which concordance the abstract statement may possess by virtue of the confession of its inaccuracy and one-sidedness, and this confession is an essential ingredient of truth.
John Dewey, less broadly than James but more broadly than Peirce, held that inquiry, whether scientific, technical, sociological, philosophical or cultural, is self-corrective over time if openly submitted for testing by a community of inquirers in order to clarify, justify, refine and / or refute proposed truths.
For Peirce, the idea of "... endless investigation would tend to bring about scientific belief ..." fits negative pragmatism in that a negative pragmatist would never stop testing.
Peirce emphasized fallibilism, considered the assertion of absolute certainty a barrier to inquiry, and in 1901 defined truth as follows: " Truth is that concordance of an abstract statement with the ideal limit towards which endless investigation would tend to bring scientific belief, which concordance the abstract statement may possess by virtue of the confession of its inaccuracy and one-sidedness, and this confession is an essential ingredient of truth .".
Peirce emphasized that a supposition of reality and truth seems to be the only way to explain scientific progress and to justify the scientific practice of seeking explanations of regularities in better theories.
That let Peirce frame scientific inquiry not only as a special kind of inquiry in a broader spectrum, but also, like inquiry generally, as based on actual doubts, not mere verbal doubts ( such as hyperbolic doubt ), which he held to be fruitless, and it let him also frame it, by the same stroke, as requiring that proof rest on propositions free from actual doubt, rather than on ultimate and absolutely indubitable propositions.
Peirce held that, in practical affairs, slow and stumbling ratiocination is often dangerously inferior to instinct and traditional sentiment, and that the scientific method is best suited to theoretical research, which in turn should not be bound to the other methods and to practical ends ; reason's " first rule " is that, in order to learn, one must desire to learn and, as a corollary, must not block the way of inquiry.
Peirce as the broad logical and scientific study of dynamic sign action in humans as well as elsewhere in nature ) to answer questions about the biological emergence of meaning, intentionality and a psychical world.
Inquiry includes all forms of belief revision and logical inference, including scientific method, what Peirce here means by " the right method of transforming signs ".
Truth is defined, for Peirce, as what would be the ultimate outcome ( not any outcome in real time ) of inquiry by a ( usually scientific ) community of investigators.
John Dewey, less broadly than William James but much more broadly than Charles Peirce, held that inquiry, whether scientific, technical, sociological, philosophical or cultural, is self-corrective over time if openly submitted for testing by a community of inquirers in order to clarify, justify, refine and / or refute proposed truths.
Long-run scientific pragmatism was defended by Charles Sanders Peirce.
Fallibilism is a modern, fundamental perspective of the scientific method, as put forth by Karl Popper and Charles Sanders Peirce, that all knowledge is, at best, an approximation, and that any scientist must always stipulate this in his research and findings.
" Peirce said in conclusion that synechism is not religion but scientific philosophy, but could come to unify religion and science.
This conference was also the culmination of the struggle between Einstein and the scientific realists, who wanted strict rules of scientific method as laid out by Charles Peirce and Karl Popper, versus Bohr and the instrumentalists, who wanted looser rules based on outcomes.

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