Peirce suffered from his late teens onward from a nervous condition then known as " facial neuralgia ", which would today be diagnosed as trigeminal neuralgia.

That employment exempted Peirce from having to take part in the Civil War ; it would have been very awkward for him to do so, as the Boston Brahmin Peirces sympathized with the Confederacy.

In 1891, Peirce resigned from the Coast Survey at Superintendent Thomas Corwin Mendenhall's request.

In 1887 Peirce spent part of his inheritance from his parents to buy of rural land near Milford, Pennsylvania, which never yielded an economic return.

Most important, each year from 1907 until James's death in 1910, James wrote to his friends in the Boston intelligentsia to request financial aid for Peirce ; the fund continued even after James died.

" ( Russell's Principia Mathematica, published from 1910 to 1913, does not mention Peirce ; Peirce's work was not widely known till later.

John Dewey studied under Peirce at Johns Hopkins and, from 1916 onwards, Dewey's writings repeatedly mention Peirce with deference.

The term was introduced by Benjamin Peirce in the context of elements of an algebra that remain invariant when raised to a positive integer power, and literally means "( the quality of having ) the same power ", from idem + potence ( same + power ).

After studying with George Sylvester Morris, Charles Sanders Peirce, Herbert Baxter Adams, and G. Stanley Hall, Dewey received his Ph. D. from the School of Arts & Sciences at Johns Hopkins University.

William James learned pragmatism, this way of understanding an idea by its practical effects, from his friend Peirce, but he gave it new significance.

See p. 482 in " Excerpts from Letters to Lady Welby ", Essential Peirce v. 2 .</ ref > Signs also enter into various kinds of meaningful combinations ; Peirce covered both semantic and syntactical issues in his speculative grammar.

" This approach incorporates many of the ideas from Peirce, James, and Dewey.

In 1863, enlisting the support of Alexander Dallas Bache and Charles Henry Davis, a professional astronomer recently recalled from the Navy to Washington to head the Bureau of Navigation, Louis Agassiz and Benjamin Peirce planned the steps whereby the National Academy of Sciences was to be established.

Peirce said that to abduce a hypothetical explanation from an observed surprising circumstance is to surmise that may be true because then would be a matter of course.

Peirce argues that good abductive reasoning from P to Q involves not simply a determination that, e. g., Q is sufficient for P, but also that Q is among the most economical explanations for P. Simplification and economy are what call for the ' leap ' of abduction.

Writing in 1910, Peirce admits that " in almost everything I printed before the beginning of this century I more or less mixed up hypothesis and induction " and he traces the confusion of these two types of reasoning to logicians ' too " narrow and formalistic a conception of inference, as necessarily having formulated judgments from its premises.

* Charles Sanders Peirce ( 1869 ), Translation and commentary on selected passages from Ockham, Peirce Edition Project.

Charles Sanders Peirce built upon the work of Boole to develop a logical system for relations and quantifiers, which he published in several papers from 1870 to 1885.

She graduated from Peirce College and became a certified paralegal.

In chapter two, working with ideas derived from Charles Sanders Peirce and Immanuel Kant, Eco compares linguistic and perceptual meaning when confronted with the unencountered.

Pragmaticism is a term used by Charles Sanders Peirce for his pragmatic philosophy starting in 1905, in order to distance himself and it from pragmatism, the original name, which had been used in a manner he did not approve of in the " literary journals ".

Several people, including his brother James Mills Peirce and his neighbors, relatives of Gifford Pinchot, settled his debts and paid his property taxes and mortgage.

The one who did the most to help Peirce in these desperate times was his old friend William James, dedicating his Will to Believe ( 1897 ) to Peirce, and arranging for Peirce to be paid to give two series of lectures at or near Harvard ( 1898 and 1903 ).

It has been believed that this was also why Peirce used " Santiago " (" St. James " in Spanish ) as a middle name, but he appeared in print as early as 1890 as Charles Santiago Peirce.

His imposing contemporaries William James and Josiah Royce admired him, and Cassius Jackson Keyser at Columbia and C. K. Ogden wrote about Peirce with respect, but to no immediate effect.

Associated with the pragmatists, Charles Sanders Peirce, William James, and especially John Dewey, pragmatic ethics holds that moral correctness evolves similarly to scientific knowledge: socially over the course of many lifetimes.

Charles Sanders Peirce, William James, and John Dewey, are known as the founders of pragmatism.

Although James certainly agreed with Peirce and against Berkeley that general ideas exist as a psychological fact, he was a nominalist in his ontology:

The three most influential forms of the pragmatic theory of truth were introduced around the turn of the 20th century by Charles Sanders Peirce, William James, and John Dewey.

John Dewey, less broadly than James but more broadly than Peirce, held that inquiry, whether scientific, technical, sociological, philosophical or cultural, is self-corrective over time if openly submitted for testing by a community of inquirers in order to clarify, justify, refine and / or refute proposed truths.

Some of the pragmatic theories, such as those by Charles Peirce and William James, included aspects of correspondence, coherence and constructivist theories.

He also defines the term “ skepticism ” as he uses it and identifies two types of skeptic, the Apollonian, who is “ committed to clarity and rationality ” and the Dionysian, who is “ committed to passion and instinct .” William James, Bertrand Russell, and Friedrich Nietzsche exemplify the Apollonian skeptic, Carroll says, and Charles Sanders Peirce, Tertullian, Søren Kierkegaard, and Blaise Pascal are Dionysian skeptics.

Philosophers, psychologists and historians and early sociologists such as Charles Sanders Peirce, William James, George Santayana, Horace Kallen, John Dewey, W. E. B.

Charles Sanders Peirce ( and his pragmatic maxim ) deserves most of the credit for pragmatism, along with later twentieth century contributors William James and John Dewey.

Contemporary pragmatism may be broadly divided into a strict analytic tradition and a " neo-classical " pragmatism ( such as Susan Haack ) that adheres to the work of Peirce, James, and Dewey.

By then the work on the " Dictionary of Philosophy and Psychology " ( 1902 ) had been announced and a period of intense philosophical correspondence ensued with the contributors to the project: William James, John Dewey, Charles Sanders Peirce, Josiah Royce, George Edward Moore, Bernard Bosanquet, James McKeen Cattell, Edward B. Titchener, Hugo Münsterberg, Christine Ladd-Franklin, Adolf Meyer, George Stout, Franklin Henry Giddings, Edward Bagnall Poulton and others.

This was followed shortly after by the work of the American pragmatic philosophers ( James, Peirce, Dewey ) and the founding of two new disciplines, psychology and anthropology, both of which were oriented toward cataloging and developing explanatory frameworks for the variety of behavior patterns ( both individual and collective ) that were becoming increasingly obvious to all systematic observers.

Although Santayana was not a pragmatist in the mold of William James, Charles Sanders Peirce, Josiah Royce, or John Dewey, The Life of Reason arguably is the first extended treatment of pragmatism written.

The influence of Ludwig Wittgenstein and the Vienna Circle, and of early operationalists and pragmatists such as Charles Sanders Peirce, is particularly clear in the foundational ideas of general semantics.

The populace subsequently chose the name Weimar ; an early record states that Thomas W. Peirce, who authorized Jackson to sell lots at the site, had visited Weimar, Germany, and was favorably impressed.

The first use in print of the name pragmatism appears to have been in 1898 by James, who credited Peirce with having coined the name during the early 1870s.

* Benjamin Mills Peirce ( 1844 – 1870 ), who worked as a mining engineer before an early death,

Peirce drew inspiration from the filming style of John Cassavetes and the early work of Martin Scorsese, and incorporated neo-realism techniques in filming.

Apart from Charles Sanders Peirce ( 1839 – 1914 ) and Charles W. Morris ( 1903 – 1979 ), early pioneers of biosemiotics were Jakob von Uexküll ( 1864 – 1944 ), Heini Hediger ( 1908 – 1992 ), Giorgio Prodi ( 1928 – 1987 ), Marcel Florkin ( 1900 – 1979 ) and Friedrich S. Rothschild ( 1899 – 1995 ); the founding fathers of the contemporary interdiscipline were Thomas Sebeok ( 1920 – 2001 ) and Thure von Uexküll ( 1908 – 2004 ).

Under the influence of Max Bense, Nadin ’ s early work in semiotics was dedicated to a rigorous foundation for the advancement of Peirce ’ s semiotic.

An existential graph is a type of diagrammatic or visual notation for logical expressions, proposed by Charles Sanders Peirce, who wrote on graphical logic as early as 1882, and continued to develop the method until his death in 1914.