Saint Augustine counters Pelagius, arguing that original sin means that the unbaptised go to hell, including infants, albeit with less suffering than is experienced by those guilty of actual sins.

Near the end of the book, Calvin describes and defends the doctrine of predestination, a doctrine advanced by Augustine in opposition to the teachings of Pelagius.

This new tension eventually became obvious with the confrontation between Augustine and Pelagius culminating in condemnation of Pelagianism ( as interpreted by Augustine ) at the Council of Ephesus in 431.

Pelagius was opposed by Saint Augustine, one of the most influential early Church Fathers.

When Pelagius taught that moral perfection was attainable in this life without the assistance of divine grace through human free will, Saint Augustine contradicted this by saying that perfection was impossible without grace because we are born sinners with a sinful heart and will.

* Letters of Pelagius: To A Presbyter, Augustine of Hippo, and Pope Innocent I

The consequences of the original sin were debated by Pelagius and Augustine of Hippo.

Pelagius argues on behalf of original innocence, while Augustine indicts Eve and Adam for original sin.

Orosius met with Pelagius on Saint Augustine ’ s behalf and he represented the orthodox party against the Pelagians at the Synod of Jerusalem that was held in June 415.

During is second stay in Hippo he had a long conversation with Saint Augustine during which he handed over the letters he was carrying from Jerome and informed Saint Augustine about the meetings he had had with Pelagius.

Writing against the monk Pelagius, whom he understood as teaching that man's nature was unaffected by the Fall, or at least was only weakened in the Fall, and that he was free to follow after God apart from divine intervention, Augustine developed the doctrine of original sin and, Calvinists contend, the doctrine of total inability.

In the fifth century, a debate that affected the understanding of grace in Western Christianity, and that was to have long reaching effects on subsequent developments in the doctrine, took place between Pelagius and St Augustine of Hippo.

This verse concerned Pelagius because it seemed that Augustine was teaching doctrine contrary to traditional Christian understandings of grace and free will, turning man into a mere automaton.

When Alaric sacked Rome in 410, Pelagius and his close follower Caelestius fled to Carthage where he continued his work and briefly encountered St. Augustine in person.

He also showed letters of recommendation by other authoritative figures including Augustine himself who, for all their disagreements, thought highly of Pelagius ' character.

St. Augustine, shocked that Pelagius and Celestius were not denounced as heretics, called the Council of Carthage in 418 and stated nine beliefs of the Church that Pelagianism denied:

Augustine did accuse Pelagius specifically of thinking of God's grace as consisting only of external helps: " God ’ s grace lies in the fact that we have been so created as to be able to do this by the will, and in the further fact that God has given to us the assistance of His law and commandments, and also in that He forgives their past sins when men turn to Him ... in these things alone.

It is perhaps the only extant writing in Pelagius ' own hand, and it was, ironically, thought to be a letter by Jerome for centuries, though Augustine himself references it in his work, On the Grace of Christ.

Because little information remains with regard to Pelagius ' actual teachings, it is possible that some of his doctrines were subject to revision and suppression by his enemies ( followers of Augustine and the Church leadership as a whole at that time ).

* Letters of Pelagius: To a Presbyter, Augustine of Hippo, and Pope Innocent I

The Saint Augustine / Pelagius debate is mockingly discussed in the novel by Flann O ' Brien titled The Dalkey Archive, wherein Saint Augustine actually makes a ghostly appearance.

The government of the English-Speaking Union ( Enspun ) in Anthony Burgess ' The Wanting Seed is locked in a perpetual cycle, rotating between the ' Pel-Phase ', named after Pelagius, and an Augustinian phase.

Burgess took up the Augustine / Pelagius theme again in The Clockwork Testament.

Around 405, it is said that Pelagius heard a quotation from Augustine's Confessions: " Give me what you command and command what you will ".

Nothing is known of his life, save what he tells us himself in the last of the biographies he wrote: " I, Gennadius, presbyter of Massilia, wrote eight books against all heresies, five books against Nestorius, ten books against Eutyches, three books against Pelagius, a treatise on the thousand years of the Apocalypse of John, this work, and a letter about my faith sent to blessed Gelasius, bishop of the city of Rome ".

* Lesser Feasts and Commemorations on the Lutheran liturgical calendar include Anthony of Egypt on January 17, Henry, Bishop of Uppsala, martyr Henry of Uppsala on January 19, Timothy, Titus and Silas, missionaries St Timothy, St Titus and St Silas Day on January 26, Ansgar, Bishop of Hamburg, missionary to Denmark and Sweden St Ansgar on February 3, Cyril, monk and Methodius, bishop, missionaries to the Slavs St Cyril and St Methodius on February 14, Gregory the Great on March 12, St Patrick on March 17, Olavus Petri, priest and Laurentius Petri, Bishop of Uppsala, on April 19, St Anselm on April 21, Catherine of Siena on April 29, St Athanasius on May 2, St Monica on May 4, Eric IX of Sweden on May 18, St Boniface on June 5, Basil the Great, Gregory of Nyssa and Gregory of Nazianzus on June 14, Benedict of Nursia on July 11, Birgitta of Sweden on July 23, St Anne, Mother of Mary on July 26, St Dominic on August 8, Augustine of Hippo on August 28, St Cyprian on September 16, Teresa of Avila on October 15, Martin de Porres on November 3, Martin of Tours on November 11, Elizabeth of Hungary on November 17, St Lucy on December 13.

The cupola contains allegorical paintings and on the pendentives, there are the four doctors of the Catholic Church, Francis de Geronimo, Pope Gregory I, Ambrose and Augustine of Hippo, as well as images of John Duns Scotus, Bonaventure, Bernard of Siena, and Anthony of Padua.

Example: " d ' Antonio " (" son of Anthony "), " d ' Adriano " (" son of Adrian "), " d ' Agostino " (" son of Augustine ") etc.

* Anthony Augustine

The Rule of St. Augustine was an obvious choice for the Dominican Order, according to Dominic's successor, Jordan of Saxony, because it lent itself to the " salvation of souls through preaching ".

The letter concerned Augustine ’ s mission to Kent in 597, and in it Gregory says that he believes " that you wish your subjects in every respect to be converted to that faith in which you, their kings and lords, stand ".

Although the description " servant of the servants of God " was also used by other Church leaders, including St. Augustine and St. Benedict, it was first used extensively as a papal title by Pope St. Gregory the Great, reportedly as a lesson in humility for Patriarch of Constantinople John the Faster, who had assumed the title " Ecumenical Patriarch ".

Augustine of Hippo developed Paul's idea that salvation is based on faith and not " works of the law ".

Augustine of Hippo, Catholic saint and pre-eminent Doctor of the church understood " a visible sign of an invisible reality " of the rooster to include that as described by St. Augustine in DeOrdine as that which " in every motion of these animals unendowed with reason there was nothing ungraceful since, of course, another higher reason was guiding everything they did ".

Augustine of Hippo defined the Latin equivalent, theologia, as " reasoning or discussion concerning the Deity "; Richard Hooker defined " theology " in English as " the science of things divine ".

* December 5 – The Order of Augustinian Recollects is formally recognised as a separate province from the Order of Saint Augustine, an event later known as the " Día de la Recolección " or " Day of Recollection ".

St Augustine in his City of God writes " God is called omnipotent on account of His doing what He wills " and thus proposes the definition that " Y is omnipotent " means " If Y wishes to do X then Y can and does do X ".

Saint Augustine also mentions that one of the terms the seafaring Phoenicians called their homeland was " Canaan ".

One definition of pride in the first sense comes from St. Augustine: " the love of one's own excellence ".

The Spanish in Saint Augustine began calling the Alachua Creek Cimarrones, which roughly meant " wild ones " or " runaways ".

The base is named in honor of Brig Gen Augustine Warner Robins, the Air Force's " father of logistics ".

The teaching and writing of Augustine, the Augustinian Rule, and the lives and experiences of Augustinians over sixteen centuries help define the ethos of the order, sometimes " honoured in the breach ".

West Saxon occupation of the area did not last long, however, and may have ended as early as 584, the date of the battle of Fethanleag, according to the A. S. C., in which Cutha was killed and Ceawlin returned home in anger, and certainly by 603 when, according to Bede, Saint Augustine attended a conference of Welsh bishops " at St. Augustine's Oak on the borders of the Hwicce and the West Saxons ".

They were not monks but communities of canons living under the rule of St. Augustine, wearing dark robes that earned them the name the " Black Canons ".

St Augustine observed that " the swine had not sinned nor had the tree ".

Catholicism mainly adheres to the amillennial school of thought, promoted by Augustine of Hippo in his work " The City of God ".

Plato, Aristotle, and Augustine were not his peers, and all others were unworthy of being even mentioned along with him ".

However, early church fathers, such as St. Justin, Origen, St. Augustine and St. Jerome, did not make an exception for the Gospel, and translated the word in its ordinary sense, i. e. as " magician ".

The Talmud ascribes the translation effort to Ptolemy II Philadelphus ( r. 285-246 BC ) who is said to have hired 72 Jewish scholars for the purpose, for which reason the translation is commonly known as the Septuagint, a name which it gained around AD 354-430, " the time of Augustine of Hippo ".

Augustine was fond of a statement on Nativity by Saint Gregory of Nyssa and he quoted in five times: " Venerate the Nativity, through which you are freed from the bonds of an earthly nativity ".

The Enchiridion, Manual, or Handbook of Augustine of Hippo is alternatively titled, " Faith, Hope, and Love ".

later work, Augustine said: "... there are some who think that only the world was made by God and that everything else is made by the world according to his ordination and command, but that God Himself makes nothing ".