The most notable example is the Knight's Tour which sets the order of the chapters in Georges Perec's novel Life: A User's Manual.

As well as established techniques, such as lipograms ( Perec's novel A Void ) and palindromes, the group devises new techniques, often based on mathematical problems, such as the Knight's Tour of the chess-board and permutations.

* Perec's novel La disparition, translated into English by Gilbert Adair and published under the title A Void, is a 300-page novel written without the letter " e ," an example of a lipogram.

Georges Perec's 1969 novel A Void, notable for not containing a single letter e, contains an e-less rewriting of Poe's " The Raven " that is attributed to Arthur Gordon Pym in order to avoid using the multiple es found in Poe's name.

He was critically most famous for the " fiendish " translation of Georges Perec's postmodern novel A Void, in which the letter e is not used, but was more widely known for the films adapted from his novels, including Love and Death on Long Island ( 1997 ) and The Dreamers ( 2003 ).

Georges Perec: A Life in Words is an authoritative biography of Georges Perec by David Bellos, Professor of French and Comparative Literature and Director of the Program in Translation and Intercultural Communication at Princeton University, who also translated Perec's major novel Life: A User's Manual ( 1978 ) from French into English.

Bellos published an award-winning translation of Perec's most famous novel, Life A User's Manual in 1987.

* An example of a univocalic novella is Georges Perec's Les Revenentes ( sic ), in which the vowel " E " is used exclusively.

In any case, Perec's work on the reassesment of the academic journals under subscription was influenced by a talk about the handling of scientific information given by Eugene Garfield in Paris and he was introduced to Marshall McLuhan by Jean Duvignaud.

Perec's other major influence was the Oulipo, which he joined in 1967, meeting Raymond Queneau, among others.

Both of Georges Perec's parents perished in World War II, and he was brought up by his aunt and uncle.

Perec's father, who enlisted in the French Army during World War II, died in 1940 from unattended gunfire or shrapnel wounds, and Perec's mother perished in the Nazi Holocaust, probably in Auschwitz after 1943.

David Bellos, who has translated several of Perec's works, wrote an extensive biography of Perec: Georges Perec: A Life in Words, which won the Académie Goncourt's bourse for biography in 1994.

* Russian author Sergei Dovlatov did not use two words that start with the same letter in a single sentence, inspired by Perec's experience.

Constraints are used as a means of triggering ideas and inspiration, most notably Perec's " story-making machine ", which he used in the construction of Life: A User's Manual.

These elements come together with Perec's constraints for the book ( in keeping with Oulipo objectives ): he created a complex system which would generate for each chapter a list of items, references or objects which that chapter should then contain or allude to.

* The epigraphs to the preamble of Georges Perec's Life: A User's Manual ( La Vie mode d ' emploi ) and to the book as a whole warn the reader that tricks are going to be played and that all will not be what it seems.

His prize-winning biography contains a full list of Perec's works.

The work as it stands is not the entire book that Malraux wrote at that time -- it is only the first section of a three-part novel called La Lutte avec l'Ange ; ;

But as he remarks in his preface to The Walnut Trees, `` a novel can hardly ever be rewritten '', and `` when this one appears in its final form, the form of the first part will no doubt be radically changed ''.

Even in its present form, however, the first part of Malraux's unrecoverable novel is among the greatest works of mid-twentieth century literature ; ;

Dickens suggests the economic evils of such a society on the first page of his novel in the description of Pip's five little dead brothers `` who gave up trying to get a living exceedingly early in that universal struggle '', who seemed to have `` all been born on their backs with their hands in their trousers-pockets, and had never taken them out in this state of existence ''.

Here, in the most eagerly awaited novel of the season ( his first since The Catcher In The Rye, ) he tells of a college girl in flight from the life around her and the tart but sympathetic help she gets from her 25-year-old brother.

As a first step, Algerian literature was marked by works whose main concern was the assertion of the Algerian national entity, there is the publication of novels as the Algerian trilogy of Mohammed Dib, or even Nedjma of Kateb Yacine novel which is often regarded as a monumental and major work.

* Two People ( 1931 ) ( Inside jacket claims this is Milne's first attempt at a novel.

Poirot also bears a striking resemblance to A. E. W. Mason's fictional detective — Inspector Hanaud of the French Sûreté — who, first appearing in the 1910 novel At the Villa Rose, predates the writing of the first Poirot novel by six years.

Beginning with Three Act Tragedy ( 1934 ), Christie had perfected during the inter-war years a sub-genre of Poirot novel in which the detective himself spent much of the first third of the novel on the periphery of events.

Her first appearance in a full-length novel was in The Murder at the Vicarage in 1930.

This first film was based on the 1957 novel 4: 50 from Paddington ( U. S. title, What Mrs. McGillicuddy Saw!

American TV was the setting for the first dramatic portrayal of Miss Marple with Gracie Fields, the legendary British actress, playing her in a 1956 episode of Goodyear TV Playhouse based on A Murder Is Announced, the 1950 Christie novel.

Aphrodite figures as a secondary character in the Tale of Eros and Psyche, which first appeared as a digressive story told by an old woman in Lucius Apuleius ' novel, The Golden Ass, written in the second century AD.

In 1995, Cuarón released his first feature film produced in the United States, A Little Princess, an adaptation of Frances Hodgson Burnett's classic novel.

Another verse was first recorded in Harriet Beecher Stowe's immensely influential 1852 anti-slavery novel Uncle Tom's Cabin.

His first discussions of animism appear in his two 1994 books: his novel, The Story of B, and his autobiography, Providence: The Story of a Fifty-Year Vision Quest.

This novel is the first of a series of novels primarily about the life and times of Robert the Bruce however it covers Alexander III and the circumstances surrounding his death in some detail.

Living in worsening poverty, neglecting his health, and drinking excessively, Jarry went on to write what is often cited as the first cyborg sex novel, Le Surmâle ( The Supermale ), which is partly a satire on the Symbolist ideal of self-transcendence.

Her second and last novel, The Tenant of Wildfell Hall, which is considered to be one of the first sustained feminist novels, appeared in 1848.

The novel was first published in November and December 1928 in the German newspaper Vossische Zeitung and in book form in late January 1929.

* William Hope Hodgson's 1912 novel The Night Land features the first example of what we now would call an arcology, though the future Earthlings depicted — millions of years into the future, in fact — have different reasons for building their metallic pyramid.

Salieri's first full opera was composed during the winter and carnival season of 1770 ; Le donne letterate and was based on Molière's Les Femmes Savantes ( The Learned Ladies ) with a libretto by Giovanni Gastone Boccherini a dancer in the court ballet, and a brother of the famous composer.

The opera Les Danaïdes ( The Danaids ) is a five-act tragédie lyrique ; the plot was based on an ancient Greek legend that had been the basis for the first play in a trilogy by Aeschylus, entitled The Suppliants.

Among the most successful of his 37 operas staged during his lifetime were Armida ( 1771 ), La fiera di Venezia ( 1772 ), La scuola de ' gelosi ( 1778 ), Der Rauchfangkehrer ( 1781 ), Les Danaïdes ( 1784 ), which was first presented as a work of Gluck's, La grotta di Trofonio ( 1785 ), Tarare ( 1787 ) ( Tarare was reworked and revised several times as was Les Danaïdes ), Axur, re d ' Ormus ( 1788 ), La cifra ( 1789 ), Palmira, regina di Persia ( 1795 ), Il mondo alla rovescia ( 1795 ), Falstaff ( 1799 ), and Cesare in Farmacusa ( 1800 ).

Bauxite was named after the village Les Baux in southern France, where it was first recognised as containing aluminium and named by the French geologist Pierre Berthier in 1821.

In 1982 / 83 as part of the French national celebration of Jean Philippe Rameau's 300th birthday, Turocy choreographed the first production of Jean-Philippe Rameau's Les Boréades-it was never performed during the composer's lifetime.

Some of the first films of this new genre were Godard's Breathless ( À bout de souffle, 1960 ), starring Jean-Paul Belmondo, Rivette's Paris Belongs to Us ( Paris nous appartient, 1958-distributed in 1961 ), starring Jean-Claude Brialy and Truffaut's The 400 Blows ( Les Quatre Cent Coups, 1959 ) starring Jean-Pierre Léaud.

In 1944, he published his first novel, Les innocents de Paris (" The Innocent of Paris "), in Switzerland.

They were first in the canton-wide election, while the third most popular party was the Les Socialistes ( with 13. 8 %), fourth in the canton-wide election.

Haiti is known to be the first in the Caribbean with a Railway system in the Urban of Port-au-Prince and later a Project that was supposed to run by The Company Mc Donald from Port-au-Prince to Cap-Haitian, and From Port-au-Prince to Les Cayes it did not completed.

In 1964 Sartre renounced literature in a witty and sardonic account of the first ten years of his life, Les mots ( Words ).

In 1907, as Picasso was painting Les Demoiselles d ' Avignon, Oskar Kokoschka was writing Mörder, Hoffnung der Frauen ( Murderer, Hope of Women ), the first Expressionist play ( produced with scandal in 1909 ), and Arnold Schoenberg was composing his String Quartet No. 2 in F-sharp minor, his first composition " without a tonal center ".

Tremblay's first professionally produced play, Les Belles-Sœurs, was written in 1965 and premiered at the Théâtre du Rideau Vert on August 28, 1968.

He is best known for his book Les Propheties ( The Prophecies ), the first edition of which appeared in 1555.

The web has been a popular medium for storing and sharing photos ever since the first photograph was published on the web by Tim Berners-Lee in 1992 ( an image of the CERN house band Les Horribles Cernettes ).

The word surrealist was coined by Guillaume Apollinaire and first appeared in the preface to his play Les Mamelles de Tirésias, which was written in 1903 and first performed in 1917.

The first Surrealist work, according to leader Breton, was Les Champs Magnétiques ( May – June 1919 ).

The word surrealist was first used by Guillaume Apollinaire to describe his 1917 play Les Mamelles de Tirésias ( The Breasts of Tiresias ), which was later adapted into an opera by Francis Poulenc.

His first play, Les Pieds Nickelés ( Nickel-plated Feet ), was a great success and was representative of the style of his later work ( generally humorous ).

This was the first of several collaborations between Waits and the group ; Frontman Les Claypool would appear on several subsequent Waits releases.

* Les Champs Magnétiques, the first book produced using the techniques of surrealist automatism, is written by André Breton and Philippe Soupault.

* March – French geologist Louis Lartet discovers the first identified skeletons of Cro-Magnon, the first early modern humans ( early Homo sapiens sapiens ), at Abri de Crô-Magnon, a rock shelter at Les Eyzies, Dordogne, France.