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Perkin Warbeck ( circa 1474 – 23 November 1499 ) was a pretender to the English throne during the reign of King Henry VII of England.
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Perkin and Warbeck
* 1499 – Pretender to the throne Perkin Warbeck is hanged for reportedly attempting to escape from the Tower of London.
He only went to war twice, once in 1489 during the Breton crisis and the invasion of Brittany, and in 1496 – 1497 in revenge for Scottish support of Perkin Warbeck and for their invasion of Northern England.
* November 3 – Peace of Etaples signed between England and France, ending French support for the pretender to the English throne Perkin Warbeck.
* November 23 – Perkin Warbeck, pretender to the throne of England, is hanged for reportedly attempting to escape from the Tower of London.
* September 7 – Second Cornish Uprising in England: Perkin Warbeck lands near Land's End ; on September 10 he is proclaimed as King in Bodmin.
* September 21 – 25 – James IV of Scotland invades Northumberland in support of the pretender to the English throne Perkin Warbeck.
Miners set to work to demolish the tower of Hetoune ( Castle Heaton ) on 24 September, but the army quickly retreated when resources were expended, and hoped-for support for Perkin Warbeck in Northumberland failed to materialise.
Later, wishing to be rid of Warbeck, James IV provided a ship called the Cuckoo and a hired crew under a Breton captain which returned Perkin to Waterford in shame in July 1497.
Warbeck's story subsequently attracted writers — most notably by the dramatist John Ford, who dramatized the story in his play Perkin Warbeck, first performed in the 1630s.
* Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley, best known as the author of Frankenstein, wrote a romance on the subject of Warbeck, the The Fortunes of Perkin Warbeck, published in London in 1830.
The play tracks the progress of Perkin Warbeck from the Scottish court towards London to claim his birthright as heir to the throne.
" History of the life and reign of Richard the Third: to which is added the story of Perkin Warbeck.
Perkin and 1474
Perkin and –
* July 3 – Perkin Warbeck's troops land in Kent, in support of his claim to the English crown, backed by Margaret of York, Duchess of Burgundy.
Sir William Henry Perkin, FRS ( 12 March 1838 – 14 July 1907 ) was an English chemist best known for his discovery, at the age of 18, of the first aniline dye, mauveine.
* Travis, Anthony S. " Perkin, Sir William Henry ( 1838 – 1907 )" in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, edited C. Mathew et al.
He took a similar interest in another young student, Helen Perkin ( 1909 – 1996 ), a pianist and composer, to whom he dedicated both the Piano Concerto in E flat and the Legend for piano and orchestra ( which began life as a second concerto ).
* Graham Perkin – Its Most Eminent Symbol Hidden by The Law ( published in The Age on 23 September 1959 )
Interestingly, if – as stated above – he was in possession of the former Clifford estates, it shows Sir Robert Clifford, who had been acting as Henry VII's spy in the camp of Perkin Warbeck, as the one to accuse Stanley of treason.
It lies to the southeast of the crater Chernyshev, and west-southwest of the Perkin – Debye crater pair.
Perkin and November
The king received Perkin Warbeck, the bogus Duke of York, in Stirling Castle in November 1495 and designated Forman to attend him.
Perkin and 1499
When Perkin Warbeck impersonated her cousin Richard of Shrewsbury, 1st Duke of York, in 1499, her brother Edward was attainted and executed for involvement in the plot.
Perkin and was
The first human-made ( synthetic ) organic dye, mauveine, was discovered serendipitously by William Henry Perkin in 1856.
The first synthetic organic dye, mauveine, was discovered by William Henry Perkin in 1856 while he was attempting to synthesize quinine.
Once again Perkin attempted to lay siege to Waterford, but this time his effort lasted only eleven days before he was forced to flee Ireland, chased by four English ships.
Mauveine was discovered by an 18-year-old chemist named William Henry Perkin, who went on to exploit his discovery in industry and become wealthy.
Later in Henry's reign emerged another pretender to the throne, Perkin Warbeck, however this was resolved without resorting to arms.
Coal tar was subsequently used to produce the first synthetic dye, mauve, by William Henry Perkin in 1856 and in 1853 was found, by Charles Gerhardt to contain the chemical acetylsalicylic acid, now known as aspirin.
Margaret consequently was a staunch supporter of anyone willing to challenge Tudor, and backed both Lambert Simnel and Perkin Warbeck, even going so far as to acknowledge Warbeck as her nephew, the younger son of Edward IV, the Duke of York.
Less successfully, Stanley ’ s brother William unwisely supported the later pretender Perkin Warbeck, and was, at last, executed for treason in 1495.
William Perkin was born in the East End of London, the youngest of the seven children of George Perkin, a successful carpenter.
At the age of 14, Perkin attended the City of London School, where he was taught by Thomas Hall, who fostered his scientific talent and encouraged him to pursue a career in chemistry.
During the Easter vacation in 1856, while Hofmann was visiting his native Germany, Perkin performed some further experiments in the crude laboratory in his apartment on the top floor of his home in Cable Street in east London.
Its extraction was variable and complicated, and so Perkin and his brother realised that they had discovered a possible substitute whose production could be commercially successful.
Perkin could not have chosen a better time or place for his discovery: England was the cradle of the Industrial Revolution, largely driven by advances in the production of textiles ; the science of chemistry had advanced to the point where it could have a major impact on industrial processes ; and coal tar, the major source of his raw material, was an abundant by-product of the process for making coal gas and coke.
Having invented the dye, Perkin was still faced with the problems of raising the capital for producing it, manufacturing it cheaply, adapting it for use in dyeing cotton, gaining acceptance for it among commercial dyers, and creating public demand for it.
Perkin was a Liveryman of the Leathersellers ' Company for 46 years and was elected Master of the Company for the year 1896-97 ; his father and grandfather had also been Liverymen of the same Company.
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