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Philby and British
Kim Philby, a Soviet double agent working as a liaison officer between the British intelligence service and the United States Central Intelligence Agency, had leaked details of the infiltration plan to Moscow, and the security breach claimed the lives of about 300 infiltrators.
* 1963 – The British Government admits that former diplomat Kim Philby had worked as a Soviet agent.
Harold Adrian Russell " Kim " Philby ( 1 January 1912 – 11 May 1988 ) was a high-ranking member of British intelligence who worked as a double agent before defecting to the Soviet Union.
Philby was an Officer of the Order of the British Empire ( OBE ) from 1946 to 1965.
Philby was born at Ambala in the Punjab while it was a province of British India.
Philby found that the award proved helpful in obtaining access to fascist circles: " Before then ," he later wrote, " there had been a lot of criticism of British journalists from Franco officers who seemed to think that the British in general must be a lot of Communists because so many were fighting with the International Brigades.
Solomon introduced Philby to his second wife, Aileen Furse, but went to work for the British retailer Marks & Spencer.
During the Phoney War from September 1939 until the Dunkirk evacuation, Philby worked as the Times correspondent with the British Expeditionary Force headquarters.
Angleton, later chief of the Central Intelligence Agency's ( CIA ) counter-intelligence staff, became suspicious of Philby when he failed to pass on information relating to a British agent executed by the Gestapo in Germany.
In February 1947, Philby was appointed head of British intelligence for Turkey, and posted to Istanbul with his second wife, Aileen, and their family.
Philby had been briefed on the situation shortly before reaching Washington in 1949 ; it was clear to Philby that the agent was Donald Maclean, who worked in the British Embassy at the time and whose wife, Melinda, lived in New York.
Burgess, who had been given a post as Second Secretary at the British Embassy, took up residence in the Philby family home and rapidly set about causing offence to all and sundry.
It has since been suggested that the whole confrontation with Elliott had been nothing but a charade to convince the KGB that Philby had to be brought back to Moscow, where he could serve as a British penetration agent of Moscow Centre.
On the evening of 23 January 1963, Philby vanished from Beirut, failing to meet his wife for a dinner party at the home of Glen Balfour-Paul, First Secretary at the British Embassy.
* Philby, Burgess and MacLean – Spy Scandal of the Century, a BBC drama produced for TV in 1977, covers the period of the late 1940s, when British intelligence investigated Kim Philby's colleague Donald Maclean until 1955 when the British government cleared Philby because it did not have enough evidence to convict him.
* Philby was the inspiration for the character of British intelligence officer Archibald " Arch " Cummings in the 2005 film The Good Shepherd.
Trinity alumni include six British prime ministers ( all Tory or Whig / Liberal ), British King George VI, several heads of other nations, physicists Isaac Newton and Niels Bohr, philosophers Ludwig Wittgenstein and Bertrand Russell ( whom it expelled before reaccepting ), and Soviet spies Kim Philby, Guy Burgess, and Anthony Blunt.
* January 1 – Kim Philby, British spy ( d. 1988 )
* May 11 – Kim Philby, British spy ( b. 1912 )

Philby and intelligence
It is possible that it was a Viennese-born friend of Friedmann's in London, Edith Tudor Hart – herself, at this time, a Soviet agent – who first approached Philby about the possibility of working for Soviet intelligence.
Philby was also responsible for liaising with the CIA and promoting " more aggressive Anglo-American intelligence operations.
After being exonerated, Philby was no longer employed by MI6, and Soviet intelligence lost all contact with him.
" Prompted by Elliott's accusations, Philby confirmed the charges of espionage and describe his intelligence activities on behalf of the Soviets.
In fact, Philby had ended le Carré's intelligence officer career by betraying him to the Russians.
He came to have a low opinion of the pre-war professional intelligence agents but a higher one of post-1939 recruits like Kim Philby.
The Wabar craters are impact craters located in Saudi Arabia first brought to the attention of Western scholars by British Arabist, explorer, writer and Colonial Office intelligence officer St. John Philby, who discovered them while searching for the legendary city of Ubar in Arabia in 1932.
Sponsored by the British and Americans, some forces loyal to Zog attempted to mount invasions and incursions, but most were ambushed due to intelligence sent to the Soviet Union by spy Kim Philby.
Philby was officially cleared by then Foreign Secretary Harold MacMillan ; this later turned out to be an error based on incomplete information and bureaucratic inefficiency in the British intelligence organisations.
Harry St John Bridger Philby CIE ( 3 April 1885-30 September 1960 ), also known as Jack Philby or Sheikh Abdullah ( الشيخ عبدالله ), his Arabic name, was an Arabist, explorer, writer, and British colonial office intelligence officer.
Once recruited by MI6, according to these authors, Philby used his intelligence assignment to take revenge on the British government.
In Wright's view, British intelligence leaders became even more paralyzed when Philby and the others defected to the Soviet Union.
E. G. Browne was Britain ’ s leading Orientalist of the nineteenth century, and numbered among his protégés at Cambridge University ’ s Orientalist department Harry “ Abdullah ” St. John B. Philby, a British intelligence specialist behind the Wahhabi movement.
One of his recruits was Kim Philby, who later became a high-placed mole within British intelligence.

Philby and Ibn
His father, St. John Philby, a well-known author, orientalist, and convert to Islam, was a member of the Indian Civil Service and later a civil servant in Mesopotamia and advisor to King Ibn Sa ' ud of Saudi Arabia.
Amani Hamdan argues that the attitude of Ibn Saud towards women's education was encouraging, since he expressed his support in a conversation with St John Philby, where he stated “ It is permissible for women to read .”
In November 1917, Philby was sent to the interior of the Arabian peninsula as head of a mission to Ibn Saud.
Philby secretly began to favour Ibn Saud over Sherif Hussein as " King of the Arabs ", a difference with British policy, which was promising support for the Hashemite dynasty in the post-Ottoman world.
On return Philby completed the crossing from Riyadh to Jeddah by the " backdoor " route, thus demonstrating Ibn Saud was in control of the Arabian highlands, whereas Sherif Hussein could not guarantee safe passage.
Philby argued that Ibn Saud was a " democrat " guiding his affairs " by mutual counsel " as laid out in the Quran ( Surah 62: 37 ), in contrast to Lord Curzon's " Hussein policy ".
Philby was able to advise Ibn Saud on how far Saud could go in occupying all Arabia without incurring the wrath of the British government, then the principal power in the Middle East.
By 1925, in the words of Philby, Ibn Saud brought unprecedented order into Arabia.
Philby was put in charge of arranging Ibn Saud's coronation as king of the newly created state of Saudi Arabia.
After Ibn Saud's death in 1953 Philby openly criticized the successor King Saud, saying the royal family's morals were being picked up " in the gutters of the West ".

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