Philo of Byzantium provides probably the most detailed account on the establishment of a theory of belopoietics (“ belos ”

* Although Philo of Byzantium described the saqiya chain pump in the early 2nd century BC, the square-pallet chain pump was innovated in China during this century, mentioned first by the philosopher Wang Chong around 80 AD.

He, along with Philo of Byzantium, Strabo, Herodotus and Diodoros of Sicily, is attributed with the list of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, which he described in a poem composed about 140 BC:

Philo of Byzantium ( writing ca.

* D. E. L. Haynes, " Philo of Byzantium and the Colossus of Rhodes " The Journal of Hellenic Studies 77. 2 ( 1957 ), pp. 311 – 312.

* Philo of Byzantium, a Greek writer on mechanics ( approximate date ) ( d. c. 220 BC )

The earliest written reference is in the technical treatises Pneumatica and Parasceuastica of the Greek engineer Philo of Byzantium ( ca.

The first executive toy may have been a gadget designed by the great mathematician and engineer Philo of Byzantium ( about 280 BC-about 220 BC ), an octagon-shaped ink pot with openings on each side.

The gimbal was first described by the Greek inventor Philo of Byzantium ( 280 – 220 BC ).

The 3rd century BCE engineer Philo of Byzantium referred in his works to water clocks already fitted with an escapement mechanism, the earliest known of its kind.

Ctesibius's work is chronicled by Vitruvius, Athenaeus, and Philo of Byzantium who repeatedly mention him, adding that the first mechanicians such as Ctesibius had the advantage of being under kings who loved fame and supported the arts.

The earliest liquid-driven escapement was described by the Greek engineer Philo of Byzantium ( 3rd century BC ) in his technical treatise Pneumatics ( chapter 31 ) as part of a washstand.

In contrast to the typically anonymous inventor of earlier ages, ingenious minds such as Archimedes, Philo of Byzantium, Heron, Ctesibius and Archytas now remained known by name to posterity.

Philo of Byzantium wrote of such a device in the 2nd century B. C.

Philo of Byzantium (), also known as Philo Mechanicus, was a Greek engineer and writer on mechanics, who lived during the latter half of the 3rd century BC.

A treatise conventionally titled De septem mundi miraculis, on the Seven Wonders of the World, is ascribed to Philo of Byzantium, but belongs to a much later date, probably the 6th century A. D.

ms: Philo dari Byzantium

* Philo of Byzantium, Greek engineer who lived during the 3rd or 2nd century BC

Water organs were described in the numerous writings of the famous Ctesibius ( 3rd century BC ), Philo of Byzantium ( 3rd century BC ) and Hero of Alexandria ( c. 62 AD ).

Although the ancient Greek Philo of Byzantium ( 3rd century BC ) featured a sort of endless belt for his magazine arcuballista, which did not transmit continuous power, the influential source for Su Song's chain drive is most likely the continuously-driven chain pump known in China since the Han Dynasty ( 202 BC – 220 AD ).

Reconstruction of a washstand with escapement mechanism, the earliest known, as described by the Greek engineer Philo of Byzantium ( 3rd century BC )

In his Pneumatics, ( chapter 31 ) Philo of Byzantium, a Greek engineer and writer on mechanics, describes an escapement mechanism, the earliest known, as part of a washstand.

This may have been influenced by an earlier device which could expand and contract the air constructed by Philo of Byzantium and Hero of Alexandria.

* Philo of Alexandria ( 30 BC – 45 AD )

The Therapeutae, pagan ascetic hermits and loosely organized cenobitic communities described by the Hellenized Jewish philosopher Philo of Alexandria in the first century, were long established in the harsh environments by Lake Mareotis close to Alexandria, and in other less-accessible regions.

The contemporary sources, Philo of Alexandria and Seneca the Younger, describe an insane emperor who was self-absorbed, angry, killed on a whim, and who indulged in too much spending and sex.

Philo of Alexandria, Josephus and Seneca state that Caligula was insane, but describe this madness as a personality trait that came through experience.

Philo of Alexandria reports that Caligula became ruthless after nearly dying of an illness in the eighth month of his reign in AD 37.

* Philo of Alexandria, ( trans.

The Stoic modification of Heraclitus ' idea of the Logos was also influential on Jewish philosophers such as Philo of Alexandria, who connected it to " Wisdom personified "

It is probably too much to assume a direct connection with Philo of Alexandria in this particular.

" In addition to the Judeo-Roman or Judeo-Hellenic historians Artapanus, Eupolemus, Josephus, and Philo, a few non-Jewish historians including Hecataeus of Abdera ( quoted by Diodorus Siculus ), Alexander Polyhistor, Manetho, Apion, Chaeremon of Alexandria, Tacitus and Porphyry also make reference to him.

Moreover, in the first century A. D., the Greco-Jewish philosopher Philo of Alexandria — who was himself probably a practitioner of pankration — makes a statement that could be an allusion to preliminary contests in which an athlete would participate and then collect his strength before coming forward fresh in the major competition.

and is repeated with embellishments by Philo of Alexandria, Josephus

Philo of Alexandria, who relied extensively on the Septuagint, says that the number of scholars was chosen by selecting six scholars from each of the 12 tribes of Israel.

* Philo leads a Jewish delegation to Rome to protest the anti-Jewish conditions in Alexandria.

* Philo of Alexandria, Jewish philosopher ( b. 20 BC ) ( approximate date )

The first to attempt to formulate Jewish principles of faith was Philo of Alexandria.

Philo of Alexandria also listed them as addition ( πρόσθεσις ), subtraction ( ἀφαίρεσις ), transposition ( μετάθεσις ), and transmutation ( ἀλλοίωσις ).

On the other hand, Philo of Alexandria calls the child of a Jew and a non-Jew a nothos ( bastard ), regardless of whether the non-Jewish parent is the father or the mother.

The sources for Pilate's life are the four canonical gospels, Philo of Alexandria, Josephus, a brief mention by Tacitus, and an inscription known as the Pilate Stone, which confirms his historicity and establishes his title as prefect.

Philo witnessed and described the Alexandrian pogroms against Jews in Alexandria in 38 CE.

Philo of Alexandria

Very little is known about him as none of his works have survived, though he has been mentioned and discussed in detail by Photius ( in his Myriobiblion ) and Sextus Empiricus, and also to a lesser extent by Diogenes Laertius and Philo of Alexandria.

According to Philo of Alexandria, in the 1st century CE the monastic community of Therapeutae was located by the shores of this lake.

He courageously tried to avoid allegorizing, which had had a long history ever since Philo of Alexandria had interpreted the Pentateuch in an allegorical fashion that de-literalized and over-metaphorized ( into symbolic systems ) many passages of the ancient manuscripts of the Bible ( now and developingly a critical text itself ).