The Christian philosopher, John Philoponus, presented the philosophical arguments against the ancient Greek notion of an infinite past and future.

* 6th century — John Philoponus proposes a universe that is finite in time and argues against the ancient Greek notion of an infinite universe

Although averse to Christianity he abstains from assailing Christian doctrines, even when he combats expressly the work of his contemporary, John Philoponus, directed against the Aristotelian doctrine of the eternity of the universe.

The Christian philosopher, John Philoponus, presented the first such argument against the ancient Greek notion of an infinite past.

The Christian philosopher, John Philoponus, presented the first such argument against the ancient Greek notion of an infinite past.

They were banished to Palestine, and Philoponus wrote a book against John Scholasticus, who had given his verdict in favour of his adversaries.

The Christian philosopher, John Philoponus, presented the first such argument against the ancient Greek notion of an infinite past.

The intellectual battle against eternalism became one of Philoponus ’ major preoccupations and dominated several of his publications ( some now lost ) over the following decade.

The first Greek Christians to comment extensively on Aristotle were John Philoponus, Elias, and David in the sixth century, and Stephen of Alexandria in the early seventh century.

In the Middle Ages, Aristotle's theories were criticized and modified by a number of figures, beginning with John Philoponus in the 6th century.

The principal writer was John Philoponus, the great Aristotelian commentator ; the leaders were two bishops, Conon of Tarsus and Eugenius of Seleucia in Isauria, who were deposed by their comprovincials and took refuge at Constantinople where they found a powerful convert and protector in Athanasius the Monk, a grandson of the Empress Theodora.

Although many scholars therefore view Ham as an eponym used to represent Egypt in the Table of Nations, a number of Christians throughout history, including Origen and the Cave of Treasures, have argued for the alternate proposition that Ham represents all black people, his name symbolising their dark skin colour ; pro-slavery advocates, from Eutychius of Alexandria and John Philoponus, to American pro-slavery apologists, have therefore occasionally interpreted the narrative as a condemnation of all black people to slavery.

* On Aristotle's Prior Analytics ( written by John Philoponus )

* On Aristotle's Posterior Analytics ( written by John Philoponus )

* On Aristotle's On Generation and Corruption ( written by John Philoponus )

* On Aristotle's On the Soul ( written by John Philoponus )

* John Philoponus: On Aristotle On Coming-to-be and Perishing 1. 1-5, translated by C. J. F. Williams.

* John Philoponus: On Aristotle On Coming-to-be and Perishing 1. 6-2. 4, translated by C. J. F. Williams.

* John Philoponus: On Aristotle On the Soul 2. 1-6, translated by W. Charlton.

* John Philoponus: On Aristotle On the Soul 2. 7-12, translated by W. Charlton.

* John Philoponus: On Aristotle On the Soul 3. 1-8, translated by W. Charlton.

* John Philoponus: On Aristotle On the Intellect ( de Anima 3. 4-8 ), translated by W. Charlton.

Steven Duncan, writes that " it was first formulated by a Greek-speaking Syriac Christian neo-Platonist, John Philoponus.

The theory of impetus, the ancestor to the concepts of inertia and momentum, was developed along similar lines by medieval philosophers such as John Philoponus and Jean Buridan.

A central problem was that of projectile motion, which was discussed by Hipparchus and Philoponus.

It is widely accepted that Copernicus's De revolutionibus followed the outline and method set by Ptolemy in his Almagest and employed geometrical constructions that had been developed previously by the Maragheh school in his heliocentric model, and that Galileo's mathematical treatment of acceleration and his concept of impetus rejected earlier medieval analyses of motion, rejecting by name ; Averroes, Avempace, Jean Buridan, and John Philoponus ( see Theory of impetus ).

* Philoponus: Corollaries on Place and Void, with Simplicius: Against Philoponus On the Eternity of the World, translated by David Furley and Christian Wildberg ( 1991 ).

* Philoponus: On Aristotle, Physics 5-8, with Simplicius: On Aristotle on the Void, translated by Paul Lettinck and J. O. Urmson ( 1994 ).

Jean Buridan, following in the footsteps of John Philoponus and Avicenna, proposed that motion was maintained by some property of the body, imparted when it was set in motion.

# In the Middle Ages Roscellin of Compiegne, the founder of Nominalism, who argued like Philoponus that unless the Three Persons are tres res, the whole Trinity must have been incarnate, was refuted by St. Anselm.

) mentions his catechism, in which he established the teaching of the consubstantial Trinity, saying that he wrote it in 568, under Justin II, and that it was afterwards attacked by the impious Philoponus.

The idea that with the transfer of the imperial capital from Rome to Constantinople primacy in the Church was also transferred is found in undeveloped form as early as John Philoponus ( c. 490 – c.

Philoponus ’ early writings are based on lectures given by Ammonius, but gradually he established his own independent thinking in his commentaries and critiques of Aristotle ’ s On the Soul and Physics.

Most of Philoponus ’ early philosophical works strive to define the distinction between matter, extension, place and various kinds of change.

* John Philoponus, an early Byzantine philosopher

* John Philoponus, Aristotelian commentator and philosopher ( d. 570 )

About 550 AD the Christian philosopher John Philoponus wrote a treatise on the astrolabe in Greek, which is the earliest extant Greek treatise on the instrument.

Its historic proponents include John Philoponus, Al-Kindi, Saadia Gaon, Al-Ghazali, and St. Bonaventure.

It is by no stretch of the imagination a happy choice and the arguments against it as a practical strategy are formidable.

The appellant has the opportunity to present arguments for the granting of the appeal and the appellee ( or respondent ) can present arguments against it.

This is also often the stage at which arguments for or against pre-trial release and bail are made, depending on the alleged crime and jurisdiction.

( Hume 1974: 353-354 ) He produces like arguments against the notion that we have knowledge of these powers as they affect the mind alone.

The coalition partners, if they control the parliamentary majority, can collude to make the parliamentary discussion on the issue irrelevant by consistently disregarding the arguments of the opposition and voting against the opposition's proposals — even if there is disagreement within the ruling parties about the issue.

Ironically, one of the stronger arguments against this position came from an individual highly respected by their theological quarter, Bliss Knapp, who claimed that Eddy understood through her lawyer that these consent clauses would not hinder normal operation after her decease.

Defoe took pains to give his history an air of objectivity by giving some space to arguments against the Union but always having the last word for himself.

" The essence of deprogramming was to physically abduct the convert, isolate him and physically restrain him, and barrage him with continuous arguments and attacks against his new religion, threatening to hold him forever until he agreed to leave it.

Author Sam Harris has argued that we overestimate the relevance of many arguments against the science of morality, arguments he believes scientists happily and rightly disregard in other domains of science like physics.

* Voucher Strategy Center The National School Boards Association provides information including the legal and educational arguments against vouchers, as well as state-by-state data on the status of voucher legislation.

Classicists such as Arthur Verrall and Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff reacted against the views of the Schlegels and Nietzsche, constructing arguments sympathetic to Euripides, which involved Wilamowitz in this restatement of Greek tragedy as a genre: " A tragedy does not have to end ' tragically ' or be ' tragic '.

" Their critique of him was based principally on his not being strong enough in his criticism of Luther, not seeing the dangers of a vernacular Bible and dabbling in dangerous scriptural criticism that weakened the Church's arguments against Arianism and other doctrines.

1984 ), we sounded " a cautionary note to those who would persistently raise arguments against the income tax which have been put to rest for years.

The best that can be done is to survey the arguments for and against their identity, and to see how well each can be supported.

Falsifiability is an important concept within the creation – evolution controversy, where proponents of both sides claim that Popper developed falsifiability to denote ideas as unscientific or pseudoscientific and use it to make arguments against the views of the respective other side.

Many arguments have been made both for and against the idea that Frigg and Freyja are really the same goddess, avatars of one another.

There have been many other arguments against ontological proofs such as: Existence precedes essence ; Gaunilo's island ; Necessary nonexistence ; Existence is not a predicate ; and Problem of incoherence.

Godwin's law is often cited in online discussions as a deterrent against the use of arguments in the widespread Reductio ad Hitlerum form.

Some scholars have seen Perses as a literary creation, a foil for the moralizing that Hesiod develops in Works and Days, but there are also arguments against this theory.

Another set of scientific arguments against a hollow Earth or any hollow planet comes from gravity.

They produced two sorts of works: theological and " apologetic ", the latter being works aimed at defending the faith by using reason to refute arguments against the veracity of Christianity.

This turn toward the subjective anticipated empiricists such as George Berkeley, who revived idealism in 18th-century Europe by employing skeptical arguments against materialism.

Some of the arguments for and against the authenticity of the James passage revolve around the similarities and differences between the accounts of Josephus, Origen, Eusebius and the New Testament.