* Scruton, Roger, " Spengler's Decline of the West " in The Philosopher on Dover Beach, Manchester: Carcanet Press, 1990.

* Scruton, Roger ," Gierke and the corporate person " in The Philosopher on Dover Beach, Manchester, Carcanet Press, 1990.

Philosopher Jürgen Habermas has described Foucault as a " crypto-normativist ", covertly reliant on the very Enlightenment principles he attempts to deconstruct.

One of these was Polish Philosopher Alfred Korzybski's General semantics, which was espoused in the US by Stuart Chase.

* Saint Cyril the Philosopher, whose original name was Constantine

In 1721 The Christian Philosopher was published.

Philosopher Max Stirner, in his book The Ego and Its Own, was the first philosopher to call himself an egoist, though his writing makes clear that he desired not a new idea of morality ( ethical egoism ), but rather a rejection of morality ( amoralism ), as a nonexistent and limiting “ spook ”; for this, Stirner has been described as the first individualist anarchist.

In the narrow scope it would read the Philosopher of Greece was not bald.

Galen was concerned to combine philosophical thought with medical practice, as in his brief work That the Best Physician is also a Philosopher.

From the lonely life he led, and still more from the riddling nature of his philosophy and his contempt for humankind in general, he was called " The Obscure " and the " Weeping Philosopher ".

Philosopher George Bernard Shaw initially had flirtations with individualist anarchism before coming to the conclusion that it was " the negation of socialism, and is, in fact, unsocialism carried as near to its logical conclusion as any sane man dare carry it.

To be such a painter, he was a profound and penetrating Philosopher.

Julian (, ; 331 / 332 – 26 June 363 ), commonly known as Julian the Apostate or Julian the Philosopher, was Roman Emperor from 361 to 363 and a noted philosopher and Greek writer.

Philosopher Laozi was keeper of books in the earliest library in China, which belonged to the Imperial Zhou dynasty.

Philosopher Jean-François Lyotard was also part of this movement.

That fact has been confirmed explicitly by the papal letter Industriae tuae ( 880 ) approving the use of Old Church Slavonic, which says that the alphabet was " invented by Constantine the Philosopher ".

Philosopher Rudolf Steiner, like Diefenbach, was a follower of Theosophy.

But when I met it in James ' ' The Moral Philosopher and the Moral Life ,' it was with a shock of recognition.

Philosopher Philip Stokes of the University of Reading noted that overall, Foucault's work was " dark and pessimistic ", but that it did leave some room for optimism, in that it illustrates how the discipline of philosophy can be used to highlight areas of domination.

Unlike many commentators on Euclid before and after him ( including of course Saccheri ), Khayyám was not trying to prove the parallel postulate as such but to derive it from an equivalent postulate he formulated from " the principles of the Philosopher " ( Aristotle ):

He also wrote The Peripatetic Philosopher ( 1869 ), a series of amusing papers reprinted from The Australasian ; Long Odds ( London, 1870 ), a novel ; and numerous comedies and pantomimes, the best of, which was Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star ( Theatre Royal, Melbourne ; Christmas, 1873 ).

The Dungeon expansion was released in May 2009 and includes a new region, an L-shaped piece connected to one corner of the board, a new deck of cards called Dungeon cards to be used in the new region, as well as five new characters ( Gladiator, Amazon, Swashbuckler, Gypsy, and Philosopher ).

His influence was such that Avicenna referred to him simply as " the Master "; Maimonides, Alfarabi, Averroes, and Aquinas call him just " the Philosopher.

* Political Philosopher, Thomas Hobbes succinctly wrote in 1651 that a hypothetical State of nature was a condition of Perpetual war.

Alfred of Sarashel, also known as Alfred the Philosopher, Alfred the Englishman or Alfredus Anglicus, was born in England some time in the 12th century and died in the 13th century.

Throughout the 17th century there was great resistance to the Ottomans in the Morea and elsewhere, as evidenced by revolts led by Dionysius the Philosopher.

Naturalistic dualism comes from Australian Philosopher, David Chalmers ( born 1966 ) who argues there is an explanatory gap between objective and subjective experience that cannot be bridged by reductionism because consciousness is, at least, logically autonomous of the physical properties upon which it supervenes.

Philosopher Robert Nozick argues that Rand's foundational argument in ethics is unsound because she does not explain why someone could not rationally prefer dying and having no values.

Philosopher Stephen Maitzen has called this the " Heaven Swamps Everything " theodicy, and argues that it is false because it conflates compensation and justification.

Philosopher Simon Blackburn made a similar criticism, and explains that moral relativism fails as a moral system simply because it cannot arbitrate disagreements.

He received the title of “ Plato's Philosopher King ” by the Greek refugees that he allowed into his empire because of his great interest in Platonic philosophy.

Philosopher Ian Shapiro says that labor markets affirm self-ownership, because if self-ownership were not recognized then people would not be allowed to sell the use of their productive capacities to others.

Our sources also make reference to it as the thirteenth book of the Laws ( though this presupposes the division of that dialogue into twelve books, which " is probably not earlier than the Hellenistic age "), as well as under the titles Nocturnal Council ( because it deals with the higher education of that Council, beyond what is described in Laws, in mathematics-based astronomy ) and Philosopher ( probably because the Nocturnal Council's members are " the counterpart of the guardians in the Republic who are said to be the true philosophers ").

After the burning of the Tuileries Palace on May 23, 1871, Philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche himself meditated about the " fight against culture ", wondering what could justify culture if it were to be destroyed in such a " senseless " manner ( the arguments are: culture is justified by works of art and scientific achievements ; exploitation is necessary to those achievements, leading to the creation of exploited people who then fight against culture.

Babbage understood that the existence of an automatic computer would kindle interest in the field now known as algorithmic efficiency, writing in his Passages from the Life of a Philosopher, " As soon as an Analytical Engine exists, it will necessarily guide the future course of the science.

Philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer argued that concepts are " mere abstractions from what is known through intuitive perception, and they have arisen from our arbitrarily thinking away or dropping of some qualities and our retention of others.

Philosopher Bertrand Russell described him as " the most perfect example I have ever known of genius as traditionally conceived, passionate, profound, intense, and dominating ".

Philosopher Rudolf Steiner established the first Waldorf education school in 1919, using a pedagogy also known as the Steiner method, which spread worldwide.

(, ) ( c. 801 – 873 CE ), known as " the Philosopher of the Arabs ", was a Muslim Arab philosopher, mathematician, physician, and musician.

Philosopher René Descartes expanded upon this idea and is most widely known by his work on the mind-body problem.

Duarte, or Edward of Portugal, became the eleventh King of Portugal, and was known as " The Philosopher " and " The Eloquent ".

Duarte of Portugal became the eleventh King of Portugal, and was known as, “ The Philosopher ,” or the “ Eloquent .” Henrique, or Henry the Navigator, sponsored expeditions to Africa.

* Mandana Mishra – Philosopher of Ancient India, Maṇḍana Miśra is best known as the author of the Brahmasiddhi.

Philosopher and psychologist Carl Stumpf formed a panel of 13 people, known as the Hans Commission.

Indeed, he had already become known by the Scholastics ( medieval Christian scholars ) as " The Philosopher ", in large part due to the influence he had upon Aquinas.

Philosopher Walter Kaufmann was also known for an English translation of Faust.

Thomas Dick, who was known as " The Christian Philosopher " after the title of his first book.

They are predominantly known for their hits, " Philosopher " and " Grandmother Says ".

‘ Philosopher Warburton ,’ as he was known, was one of the leading supporters of Henry Brougham in founding London University, and was a member of its first council in 1827.

Philosopher Numenius of Apamea echoes this position in his well known statement " What is Plato but Moses speaking Attic Greek?