Category: Philosophers who committed suicide

Philosophers who have criticized the concept of human rights include Jeremy Bentham, Edmund Burke, Friedrich Nietzsche and Karl Marx.

Philosophers who Vattimo exemplifies as a part of this back and forth movement are French philosophers Deleuze, Foucault and Derrida.

Philosophers such as Condorcet, who drafted the French revolutionary chart for a people's education under the rule of reason, dismissed rhetoric as an instrument of oppression in the hands of clerics in particular.

Philosophers such as Michael of Cesena, Marsilius of Padua and William of Ockham who advocated a form of church / state separation were now protected at the emperor's court in Munich.

Category: Philosophers who committed suicide

Category: Philosophers who committed suicide

" 1999, p. 4 Even stronger doubts arose concerning Psellos ' student, John Italos, who succeeded Psellos as Consul of the Philosophers ( Hypatos ton Philosophon ).

Category: Philosophers who committed suicide

Category: Philosophers who committed suicide

Philosophers of the late 20th century who have written significant works on the subject of dignity include Mortimer Adler and Alan Gewirth.

According to Diogenes Laertius, Solon “ diminished the honours paid to Athletes who were victorious in the games, fixing the prize for a victor at Olympia at five hundred drachmae, and for one who conquered at the Isthmian games at one hundred ” ( Diogenes Laertius, Lives of Philosophers 1. 55: Solon ; Greek ).

Philosophers often link concept of optimism with the name of Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, who held that we live in the best of all possible worlds, or that God created a physical universe that applies the laws of physics, which Voltaire famously mocked in his satirical novel Candide.

Philosophers who study informal logic have compiled large lists of them, and cognitive psychologists have documented many biases in human reasoning that favor incorrect reasoning.

Philosophers and scientists who follow the Bayesian framework for inference use the mathematical rules of probability to find this best explanation.

Philosophers who argue against eliminativism may take several approaches.

Philosophers who worry about ceteris paribus analyses do not worry about this sort ; their worries are focused on ceteris paribus clauses that are not even eliminable in principle.

" This seems to echo a statement attributed to Aristotle by Diogenes Laërtius in his The Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers, where the sage was asked what those who tell lies gain by it and he answered " that when they speak truth they are not believed ".

Sir, I must now again beg you, not to let your resentments run so high, as to deprive us of your third book, wherein the application of your mathematical doctrine to the theory of comets and several curious experiments, which, as I guess by what you write, ought to compose it, will undoubtedly render it acceptable to those, who will call themselves Philosophers without Mathematics, which are much the greater number.

Category: Philosophers who died in Nazi concentration camps

Diogenes Laertius, who lived in the 3rd century, wrote Lives, Teachings, and Sayings of Famous Philosophers, a useful, though often unreliable, sourcebook.

Philosophers who subscribe to this view generally point out that a property owner's rights are nevertheless not unlimited, and that they are constrained by morality.

' Sayings of the Philosophers ' are remarks of the philosophers gathered at the tomb of Alexander, who utter a series of apophthegms on the theme of the brevity of life and the transience of human achievement ... a work entitled ' Sayings of the Philosophers ' was first composed in Syriac in the sixth century ; a longer Arabic version was composed by Hunayan Ibn Ishaq ( 809-973 ) the distinguished scholar-translator, and a still longer one by al-Mubashshir ibn Fatiq ( who also wrote a book about Alexander ) around 1053.

Philosophers using the term metaphilosophy being still a minority, it might be surmised that the majority does not consider the idea worth exploring.

Philosophers generally consider logical possibility to be the broadest sort of subjunctive possibility in modal logic.

Philosophers of mind call the subjective aspects of mental events qualia ( or raw feels ).

Philosophers, notably Popper, have also considered the relation between subjective knowledge ( which he calls world 2 ), objective knowledge ( world 1 ) and the knowledge represented by man-made artifacts ( world 3 ).

Philosophers dub knowledge based on experience " empirical knowledge " or " a posteriori knowledge ".

Scott Haring, in his review of the Planescape Campaign Setting for Pyramid, notes that designer Zeb Cook's three-word summary of the Planescape experience is, " Philosophers With Clubs.

Philosophers since the time of Descartes and Locke have struggled to comprehend the nature of consciousness and pin down its essential properties.

Philosophers and non-philosophers differ in their intuitions about what consciousness is.

Several schools of thought existed within the medical field during Galen's lifetime, the main two being the Empiricists and Rationalists ( also called Dogmatists or Philosophers ), with the Methodists being a smaller group.

Philosophers, such as Fiona Cowie and Barbara Scholz with Geoffrey Pullum have also argued against certain nativist claims in support of empiricism.

* Hegel, Oxford University Press, Oxford and New York, 1982 ; reissued as Hegel: A Very Short Introduction, Oxford University Press, 2001 ; also included in full in German Philosophers: Kant, Hegel, Schopenhauer, Nietzsche, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1997

Philosophers of law are also concerned with a variety of philosophical problems that arise in particular legal subjects, such as constitutional law, contract law, criminal law, and torts.

Philosophers also vary in the question of whether language is basically a tool for representing and referring to objects in the world, or whether it is a system used to construct mental representations of the world that can be shared and circulated between people.

Philosophers point out also that the exact meaning of simplest may be nuanced.

Philosophers such as Pierre Duhem and Gaston Bachelard also wrote their works with this world-historical approach to science.

Philosophers have argued that either Determinism is true or Indeterminism is true, but also that Free Will either exists or it does not.

( Philosophers might also supplement their thought experiments with theoretical reasoning designed to support the desired intuitive response.

Ibn Tufail wrote the first fictional Arabic novel Hayy ibn Yaqdhan ( Philosophus Autodidactus ) as a response to al-Ghazali's The Incoherence of the Philosophers, and then Ibn al-Nafis also wrote a novel Theologus Autodidactus as a response to Ibn Tufail's Philosophus Autodidactus.

Some recent art historians also involve Titian in the Three Philosophers.

Later authors combined Daoism with Confucianism and Legalism, such as Liu An ( 2nd century BCE ), whose Huainanzi ( The Philosophers of Huai-nan ) also added to the fields of geography and topography.

Ibn Tufail wrote the first fictional Arabic novel Hayy ibn Yaqdhan ( Philosophus Autodidactus ) as a response to al-Ghazali's The Incoherence of the Philosophers, and then Ibn al-Nafis also wrote a fictional novel Theologus Autodidactus as a response to Ibn Tufail's Philosophus Autodidactus.

Rithmomachy ( or Rithmomachia, also Arithmomachia, Rythmomachy, Rhythmomachy, or sundry other variants ; sometimes known as The Philosophers ' Game ) is a highly complex, early European mathematical board game.

Philosophers in this camp argue that once we recognize that it makes no sense for philosophy to make scientific-technical progress, we ought to also realize that it makes no sense for philosophy to aspire to it either.

There is also the lumpers / splitters problem, namely that some works split philosophy into more periods than others: one author might feel a strong need to differentiate between " The Age of Reason " or " Early Modern Philosophers " and " The Enlightenment "; another author might write from the perspective that 1600-1800 is essentially one continuous evolution, and therefore a single period.

However, scholars have also found implicit traces of the idea in the works of Al-Ghazali ( The Incoherence of the Philosophers ), Averroes ( The Incoherence of the Incoherence ), Fakhr al-Din al-Razi ( Matalib al -' Aliya ) and John Duns Scotus.

Philosophers of science have also commented on the term.

The sketch is also featured on the Matching Tie and Handkerchief album and in many of the team's stage shows, where it would be capped with a performance of The Philosophers ' Song.

He also helped to establish the journal Faith and Philosophy and the Society of Christian Philosophers.

She also wrote the satirical novel Memoirs of Modern Philosophers ( 1800 ), and the anti-Jacobin Letters of a Hindoo Rajah in 1796, a work in the tradition of Montesquieu and Goldsmith.

Philosophers such as Plato and Aristotle also act as doxographers, as their comments on the ideas of their predecessors indirectly tell us what their predecessors ' beliefs were.