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Page "Photomultiplier" ¶ 26
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Photomultipliers and are
Photomultipliers are still commonly used wherever low levels of light must be detected.
Photomultipliers with large distances between the photocathode and the first dynode are especially sensitive to magnetic fields.
* Photomultipliers are used in conjunction with scintillators to detect Ionizing radiation by means of hand held and fixed radiation protection instruments, and particle radiation in physics experiments.
* Photomultipliers are used in research laboratories to measure the intensity and spectrum of light-emitting materials such as compound semiconductors and quantum dots.
* Photomultipliers are used as the detector in many spectrophotometers.
* Photomultipliers are used in numerous medical equipment designs.
* Photomultipliers are typically used as the detectors in Flying-spot scanners.

Photomultipliers and .
* Photomultipliers were the first electric eye devices, being used to measure interruptions in beams of light.
Photomultipliers offer the best possible opportunity to exceed the Johnson noise for many configurations.

are and constructed
Two walls of concrete blocks are constructed at least 20 inches apart.
Approximately 40 percent of the value of the work on roads for access to timber which are planned for this period will be constructed by purchasers of National Forest timber, but paid for by the Government through adjustment of stumpage prices.
The wall panels are constructed of a framework of standard Af and Af of a good grade, free from structural faults.
The louvers are constructed as shown in the detail, with a drop door for ventilation.
The essential difference between the new trans-illuminated boards and existing billboards is that the former, constructed of translucent plastic panels, are lighted from within.
The Onset Profile and Completion Profile are constructed to serve as norms for children.
Sometimes when there are many outcomes for a single trial, we group these outcomes into two classes, as in the example of the die, where we have arbitrarily constructed the classes `` ace '' and `` not-ace ''.
The details of the setting of `` Neutral Tones '' are not, strictly speaking, metaphorical, but they combine to create a mood which is appropriate both to a dismal winter day and to the end of love, and in this way love and weather, the emotions and the elements, symbolize each other in a way that is common to many of Hardy's best poems ( `` Weathers '', `` The Darkling Thrush '', and `` During Wind and Rain '', for example ) and to some moving passages in the novels as well ( Far From The Madding Crowd is full of scenes constructed in this way ).
Today, abaci are often constructed as a bamboo frame with beads sliding on wires, but originally they were beans or stones moved in grooves in sand or on tablets of wood, stone, or metal.
The axiom of choice produces these intangibles ( objects that are proven to exist, but which cannot be explicitly constructed ), which may conflict with some philosophical principles.
The pieces in this decomposition, constructed using the axiom of choice, are non-measurable sets.
Roofs are constructed from Alpine rocks such as pieces of schist, gneiss or slate.
Adobe structures are constructed with bricks created from sand, clay, and water, with some fibrous or organic material, shaped using frames and dried in the sun.
The largest roads, constructed at the same time as many of the great house sites ( between 1000 and 1125 CE ), are: the Great North Road, the South Road, the Coyote Canyon Road, the Chacra Face Road, Ahshislepah Road, Mexican Springs Road, the West Road and the shorter Pintado-Chaco Road.
* The constructible numbers are those numbers that can be constructed from a given unit length using straightedge and compass and their opposites.
Anagrams constructed without aid of a computer are noted as having been done " manually " or " by hand "; those made by utilizing a computer may be noted " by machine " or " by computer ", or may indicate the name of the computer program ( using Anagram Genius ).
Arcologies are so widespread that some planets, dubbed ' hive worlds ', are constructed entirely of hyperstructures.
Acoustic guitars are commonly constructed in several different body shapes.
These flat-top, steel-string guitars are constructed and voiced more for classical-like fingerpicking and less for chordal accompaniment ( strumming ).
The tester strains are specially constructed to detect either frameshift ( e. g. strains TA-1537 and TA-1538 ) or point ( e. g. strain TA-1531 ) mutations in the genes required to synthesize histidine, so that mutagens acting via different mechanisms may be identified.
Cantilever bridges are constructed using much the same materials & techniques as beam bridges.
On the edges of Barcelonnette and Jausiers there are several houses and villas of colonial style ( known as maisons mexicaines ), constructed by emigrants to Mexico who returned to France between 1870 and 1930.
In a language with records and references, binary trees are typically constructed by having a tree node structure which contains some data and references to its left child and its right child.
There are some limitations to what can be constructed, in that the SBC chip set and processor have to provide the capability of supporting the slot types.

are and from
This is puzzling to an outsider conscious of the classic tradition of liberalism, because it is clear that these Democrats who are left-of-center are at opposite poles from the liberal Jefferson, who held that the best government was the least government.
At least a dozen men, some armed, are never far away from him.
Now let us imagine a wing of B-52's, on alert near their `` positive control ( or fail-safe ) points '', the spots on the map, many miles from Soviet territory, beyond which they are forbidden to fly without specific orders to proceed to their targets.
Unless all gadgets are properly operated -- and the wires and seals from the handles removed first -- no damage can be done.
The line of an eyebrow, the color of the skin, a ghazal from Hafiz, the purity of spring water, the long afternoon among the boughs which crowd the upper story of a pavilion -- these things are noticed, judged, and valued.
If his dancers are sometimes made to look as if they might be creatures from Mars, this is consistent with his intention of placing them in the orbit of another world, a world in which they are freed of their pedestrian identities.
We get some clue from a few remembrances of childhood and from the circumstance that we are probably not much more afraid of people now than man ever was.
In fact, insofar as science generates any fear, it stems not so much from scientific prowess and gadgets but from the fact that new unanswered questions arise, which, until they are understood, create uncertainty.
Apart from the categorical imperative they derive from the metaphysics of the orgasm, the only affirmation they are capable of making is that art is their only refuge.
The central concern of Erich Auerbach's impressive volume called Mimesis is to describe the shift from a classic theory of imitation ( based upon a recognition of levels of truth ) to a Christian theory of imitation in which the levels are dissolved.
The same command is repeated as many times as there are levels in rank from general to corporal.
So all-important are ideas, we are told, that persons successful in business and happy in social life usually fall into two classes: those who invent new ideas of their own, and those who borrow, beg, or steal from others.
Man, we are told, is endowed with reason and is capable of distinguishing good from bad.
Only by means of an intensive preoccupation with the detailed considerations following from any decision can he ensure attention to the practical details to be dealt with if the implications of immorality in the major decision are effectively to be checked.
These ways are absolutely irreconcilable because they offer two different recipes for man's redemption from chaos.
Its ontological status is itself most tenuous because apart from individual men, who are its `` matter '', tradition, the `` form '' of society exists only as a shared perception of truth.
The problem is rather to find out what is actually happening, and this is especially difficult for the reason that `` we are busily being defended from a knowledge of the present, sometimes by the very agencies -- our educational system, our mass media, our statesmen -- on which we have had to rely most heavily for understanding of ourselves ''.
Second, our military missile program, going forward so successfully, does not suffer from our present lack of very large rocket engines, which are necessary in distant space exploration.
The student of ideas and their place in history will always be concerned with the patterns of transition, which are at the same time patterns of transformation, whereby ideas pass from one area of activity to another.

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