Working with Pierre-Simon Laplace, Lavoisier conducted experiments that showed that respiration was essentially a slow combustion of organic material using inhaled oxygen.

Newton was the first to develop a mathematical model for calculating the speed of sound, but it was not correct until Pierre-Simon Laplace accounted for the molecular behavior of gases and introduced the heat capacity ratio.

Objects whose gravity field is too strong for light to escape were first considered in the 18th century by John Michell and Pierre-Simon Laplace.

In 1796, mathematician Pierre-Simon Laplace promoted the same idea in the first and second editions of his book Exposition du système du Monde ( it was removed from later editions ).

Nevertheless, it was the French mathematician Pierre-Simon Laplace, who pioneered and popularised what is now called Bayesian probability.

It was Pierre-Simon Laplace ( 1749 – 1827 ) who introduced a general version of the theorem and used it to approach problems in celestial mechanics, medical statistics, reliability, and jurisprudence.

* Pierre-Simon Laplace ( 1749-1827 ) invented the z-transform used to solve discrete-time control theory problems.

The world ’ s first ice-calorimeter, used in the winter of 1782-83, by Antoine Lavoisier and Pierre-Simon Laplace, to determine the heat evolved in various chemical change s ; calculations which were based on Joseph Black ’ s prior discovery of latent heat.

The gravitational weakening of light from high-gravity stars was predicted by John Michell in 1783 and Pierre-Simon Laplace in 1796, using Isaac Newton's concept of light corpuscles ( see: emission theory ) and who predicted that some stars would have a gravity so strong that light would not be able to escape.

* Pierre-Simon Laplace 1749 – 1827, Paris ( France )

Instances of the gambler ’ s fallacy when applied to childbirth can be traced all the way back to 1796, in Pierre-Simon Laplace ’ s A Philosophical Essay on Probabilities.

A statement attributed to Pierre-Simon Laplace expresses Euler's influence on mathematics: " Read Euler, read Euler, he is the master of us all.

It is named after Pierre-Simon Laplace, who introduced the transform in his work on probability theory.

The Laplace transform is named after mathematician and astronomer Pierre-Simon Laplace, who used a similar transform ( now called z transform ) in his work on probability theory.

Some notable mathematicians include Archimedes of Syracuse, Leonhard Euler, Carl Gauss, Johann Bernoulli, Jacob Bernoulli, Aryabhata, Brahmagupta, Bhaskara II, Nilakantha Somayaji, Omar Khayyám, Muhammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī, Bernhard Riemann, Gottfried Leibniz, Andrey Kolmogorov, Euclid of Alexandria, Jules Henri Poincaré, Srinivasa Ramanujan, Alexander Grothendieck, David Hilbert, Alan Turing, von Neumann, Kurt Gödel, Joseph-Louis Lagrange, Georg Cantor, William Rowan Hamilton, Carl Jacobi, Évariste Galois, Nikolay Lobachevsky, Rene Descartes, Joseph Fourier, Pierre-Simon Laplace, Alonzo Church, Nikolay Bogolyubov and Pierre de Fermat.

The first two laws of error that were proposed both originated with Pierre-Simon Laplace.

The first attempt at mathematical rigour in the field of probability, championed by Pierre-Simon Laplace, is now known as the classical definition.

In 1911, Indian astronomer Venkatesh P. Ketakar suggested the existence of two trans-Neptunian planets, which he named Brahma and Vishnu, by reworking the patterns observed by Pierre-Simon Laplace in the planetary satellites of Jupiter and applying them to the outer planets.

According to one story that first appeared in a 1475 posthumous biography and was subsequently embellished and popularized by Pierre-Simon Laplace, Callixtus III excommunicated the 1456 apparition of Halley's Comet, believing it to be an ill omen for the Christian defenders of Belgrade from the besieging armies of the Ottoman Empire.

The world ’ s first ice-calorimeter, used in the winter of 1782-83, by Antoine Lavoisier and Pierre-Simon Laplace, to determine the heat evolved in various chemical change s ; calculations which were based on Joseph Black ’ s prior discovery of latent heat.

Pierre-Simon Laplace produced in 1786 a theoretical analysis giving a basis on which the Moon's mean motion should accelerate in response to perturbational changes in the eccentricity of the orbit of the Earth around the Sun.

** Pierre-Simon Laplace, French mathematician ( b. 1749 )

In mathematics, Laplace's equation is a second-order partial differential equation named after Pierre-Simon Laplace who first studied its properties.

In addition to this, in 1780 Antoine Lavoisier and Pierre-Simon Laplace laid the foundations of thermochemistry by showing that the heat given out in a reaction is equal to the heat absorbed in the reverse reaction.

The world ’ s first ice-calorimeter, used in the winter of 1782-83, by Antoine Lavoisier and Pierre-Simon Laplace, to determine the heat evolved in various chemical change s ; calculations which were based on Joseph Black ’ s prior discovery of latent heat.

* 1782 – Antoine Lavoisier and Pierre-Simon Laplace invent the ice-calorimeter

The world ’ s first ice-calorimeter, used in the winter of 1782-83, by Antoine Lavoisier and Pierre-Simon Laplace, to determine the heat involved in various chemical change s ; calculations which were based on Joseph Black ’ s prior discovery of latent heat.

The world ’ s first ice-calorimeter, used in the winter of 1782 – 83, by Antoine Lavoisier and Pierre-Simon Laplace, to determine the heat evolved in various chemical change s, calculations which were based on Joseph Black ’ s prior discovery of latent heat.

In 1783, Antoine Lavoisier and Pierre-Simon Laplace reviewed the two competing theories of vis viva and caloric theory.

* Winter 1782-83-Antoine Lavoisier and Pierre-Simon Laplace begin to use the world ’ s first ice calorimeter to determine the heat evolved in various chemical changes ( calculations based on Joseph Black ’ s prior discovery of latent heat ), marking the foundation of thermochemistry.

Actually, their forerunners were civil servant schools aimed at graduating mine supervisors ( École des mines de Paris established in 1783 ), bridge and road engineers ( École royale des ponts et chaussées established in 1747 ), shipbuilding engineers ( École des ingénieurs-constructeurs des vaisseaux royaux established in 1741 ) and five military engineering academies and graduate schools of artillery established in the 17th century in France, such as the école de l ' artillerie de Douai ( established in 1697 ) and the école du génie de Mézière ( established in 1748 ), wherein mathematics, chemistry and sciences were already a major part of the curriculum taught by first rank scientists such as Pierre-Simon de Laplace, Charles Étienne Louis Camus, Étienne Bézout, Sylvestre-François Lacroix, Siméon Denis Poisson, Gaspard Monge.

Bouvard was eventually director of the Paris Observatory after starting their as a student astronomer in 1793 and working under Pierre-Simon Laplace.

In 1780, Pierre-Simon Laplace ( 1749 – 1827 ) published a simpler proof of the theorem, which was based on relations between partial derivatives with respect to the variable x and the parameter y. Charles Hermite ( 1822 – 1901 ) presented the most straightforward proof of the theorem by using contour integration.

This was followed by a memoir on the theory of the tides, to which, conjointly with the memoirs by Euler and Colin Maclaurin, a prize was awarded by the French Academy: these three memoirs contain all that was done on this subject between the publication of Isaac Newton's Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica and the investigations of Pierre-Simon Laplace.

* The combination of different observations taken under different conditions as notably performed by Roger Joseph Boscovich in his work on the shape of the earth and Pierre-Simon Laplace in his work in explaining the differences in motion of Jupiter and Saturn.

Pierre-Simon Girard ( 4 November 1765 – 30 November 1836 ) was a French mathematician and engineer, who worked on fluid mechanics.

Among his many significant scientific contributions would be a translation of Pierre-Simon de Laplace's Mécanique céleste, a lengthy work on mathematics and theoretical astronomy.

* Pierre-Simon Laplace publishes Exposition du système du monde, his work on astronomy ( mainly celestial mechanics ) following Newton and Lagrange.

He next produced an astronomy ; of which the first book ( usually bound in two volumes ), on practical and descriptive astronomy, was issued in 1812, and the second book, containing an account of the treatment of physical astronomy by Pierre-Simon Laplace and other continental writers, was issued in 1818.

Based on ephemerides produced by astronomer Giovanni Cassini and others, Pierre-Simon Laplace created a mathematical theory to explain the resonant orbits of Io, Europa, and Ganymede.

In differential geometry, the Laplace operator, named after Pierre-Simon Laplace, can be generalized to operate on functions defined on surfaces in Euclidean space and, more generally, on Riemannian and pseudo-Riemannian manifolds.