* Plantinga's free will defense

* Plantinga's free will defense

Plantinga's argument ( in a truncated form ) is that " It is possible that God, even being omnipotent, could not create a world with free creatures who never choose evil.

As an example, a critic of Plantinga's idea of " a mighty nonhuman spirit " causing natural evils may concede that the existence of such a being is not logically impossible but argue that due to lacking scientific evidence for its existence this is very unlikely and thus it is an unconvincing explanation for the presence of natural evils.

Plantinga's father was a first generation immigrant, born in the Netherlands.

One of Plantinga's brothers, Cornelius " Neal " Plantinga, Jr., is a theologian and the former president of Calvin Theological Seminary.

Plantinga's older daughter, Jane Plantinga Pauw, is a pastor at Rainier Beach Presbyterian Church ( PCUSA ) in Seattle, Washington, and his younger daughter, Ann Kapteyn, is a missionary in Cameroon working for Wycliffe Bible Translators.

At the end of 11th grade, Plantinga's father urged Plantinga to skip his last year of high school and immediately enroll in college.

Plantinga's evolutionary argument against naturalism is also discussed in the later chapters of Warrant and Proper Function.

In Plantinga's evolutionary argument against naturalism, he argues that the truth of evolution is an epistemic defeater for naturalism ( i. e. if evolution is true, it undermines naturalism ).

* Beilby, James, Epistemology as Theology: An Evaluation of Alvin Plantinga's Religious Epistemology.

Essays on Plantinga's Evolutionary Argument Against Naturalism.

* Kvanvig, Jonathan ( ed ), Warrant in Contemporary Epistemology: Essays in Honor of Plantinga's Theory of Knowledge.

* Sennett, James, Modality, Probability, and Rationality: A Critical Examination of Alvin Plantinga's Philosophy.

* Warrant: The Current Debate Plantinga's Gifford Lecture, and volume 1 of his trilogy on warrant.

* Warrant and Proper Function Plantinga's Gifford Lecture, and volume 2 of the warrant trilogy.

" Plantinga's criticism is based on his interpretation of Aquinas's discussion of it, from which he concludes that if God is identical with properties of God such as goodness etc., then God is a property ; and a property is not a person.

Theodicy is one important aspect of such arguments, and Alvin Plantinga's arguments have been highly influential in this area.

Plantinga's definition might be revised to say that what the fideist objects to is not so much " reason " per se — it seems excessive to call Blaise Pascal anti-rational — but evidentialism: the notion that no belief should be held unless it is supported by evidence.

Roughly, in Plantinga's theory of knowledge, warrant is that property of true beliefs that makes them knowledge.

Plantinga's answer to this is that the objection simply assumes that the criteria for " proper basicality " propounded by Classical Foundationalism ( self-evidence, incorrigibility, and sense-perception ) are the only possible criteria for properly basic beliefs.

( A critical assessment of Plantinga's response to the " Great Pumpkin Objection.

( A critical examination of Alvin Plantinga's provocative claim that Christian beliefs can be justified even without any evidence for them.

Philosopher and Roman Catholic priest Ernan McMullin also disagrees with Plantinga's call for a theistic science, stating that it should not be considered to be science at all, and suggesting that Plantinga seriously understates the evidential support for evolution.

According to David Kahan of the University of Glasgow, in order to understand how beliefs are warranted, a justification must be found in the context of supernatural theism, as in Plantinga's epistemology.

In recent weeks, as a result of a sweeping defense policy reappraisal by the Kennedy Administration, basic United States strategy has been modified -- and large new sums allocated -- to meet the accidental-war danger and to reduce it as quickly as possible.

Now this concern for the freedom of other peoples is the intellectual and spiritual cement which has allied us with more than forty other nations in a common defense effort.

Though put in rather maudlin terms, Steele's defense of himself has a reasonable basis.

The Rusk belief in balanced defense, replacing the Dulles theory of massive retaliation, removes a grave danger that has existed.

They feel that World War 3, has already begun, and they are setting themselves up as a `` last line of defense '' against the Communist advance.

We cannot regard foreign policy as something left over after defense policy or trade policy or fiscal policy has been extracted.

This has necessitated a continuous review and reevaluation of the defense program in order to redirect resources to the newer and more important weapons systems and to eliminate or reduce effort on weapons systems which have been overtaken by events.

It has been correctly pointed out by well-informed people in the industry that it is probably unrealistic to expect a continuation of the yearly growth of 15% or better that characterized the decade of the 1950's, and that our military markets may be entering upon a new phase in which procurement of multiple weapons systems will give way to concentration of still undeveloped areas of our defense capability.

The stepped-up defense procurement called for in the 1961 Budget has already begun to make itself felt in an upturn in orders for military electronic equipment and the components that go into it, and it has been suggested that an additional $2 billion increase in total defense spending may be requested for fiscal 1962.

This concept has stimulated much basic research concerning the behavior of particulate biological materials, the pathogenesis of respiratory infections, the medical management of such diseases and defense against their occurrence.

This is why this approach to BW defense has not been given major attention.

The submarine now has a definite place in submarine defense particularly in denying enemy access to ocean areas.

Thinking on submarine defense has not always been clear-cut.

To this point the need for an over-all plan for submarine defense has been demonstrated, the mission has been stated, broad principles delineating its content laid down, and the supporting elements listed.

East Providence now has no civil defense program.

Noting that President Kennedy has handed the Defense Department the major responsibility for the nation's civil defense program, Mr. Hawksley said the federal government would pay half the salary of a full-time local director.

A & M has the best defense against passes, 34.7 yards per game.

Some jurisdictions allow force to be used in defense of property, to prevent damage either in its own right, or under one or both of the preceding classes of defense in that a threat or attempt to damage property might be considered a crime ( in English law, under s5 Criminal Damage Act 1971 it may be argued that the defendant has a lawful excuse to damaging property during the defense and a defense under s3 Criminal Law Act 1967 ) subject to the need to deter vigilantes and excessive self-help.