It is usually assumed, based on Plato's Parmenides 128c-d, that Zeno took on the project of creating these paradoxes because other philosophers had created paradoxes against Parmenides's view.

The issue being that Aristotle, through resolving Parmenides ' Third Man argument against Plato's forms and ontology created a second philosophical school of thought.

Aristotle argued at length against many aspects of Plato's forms, creating his own doctrine of hylomorphism wherein form and matter coexist.

In his collection of essays Technopoly Neil Postman demonstrates the argument against the use of writing through an excerpt from Plato's work Phaedrus ( Postman, Neil ( 1992 ) Technopoly, Vintage, New York, pp 73 ).

The Apology is Plato's version of the speech given by Socrates as he defended himself in 399 BC against the charges of " corrupting the young, and by not believing in the gods in whom the city believes, but in other daimonia that are novel " ( 24b ).

The Peritrope is Socrates ' argument against Protagoras ' view of relative truth, as presented in Plato's book known as Theatetus ( 169 – 171e ).

The text gives clear indication on the charges brought against Socrates by Anytus, and is often used on this point in comparison with Plato's version of the trial.

However, most later scholars have taken one particular argument, the argument against an army of lovers in Socrates ' final speech, as proof that Xenophon had based his work on Plato's, since this concept is mentioned in Plato's work.

Bluck, although unimpressed by previous arguments against the dialogue's authenticity, tentatively suggests a date after the end of Plato's life, approximately 343 / 2 BC, based especially on " a striking parallelism between the Alcibiades and early works of Aristotle, as well as certain other compositions that probably belong to the same period as the latter.

Plato's explores the problematic moral status of rhetoric twice: in Gorgias, a dialogue named for the famed Sophist, and in The Phaedrus, a dialogue best known for its commentary on love.

He describes the proper training of the orator in his major text on rhetoric, De Oratore, modeled on Plato's dialogues.

Since Plato's argument has shaped western philosophy, rhetoric has mainly been regarded as an evil that has no epistemic status.

While Plato's condemnation of rhetoric is clear in the Gorgias, in the Phaedrus he suggests the possibility of a true art wherein rhetoric is based upon the knowledge produced by dialectic, and relies on a dialectically informed rhetoric to appeal to the main character: Phaedrus, to take up philosophy.

Thus Plato's rhetoric is actually dialectic ( or philosophy ) " turned " toward those who are not yet philosophers and are thus unready to pursue dialectic directly.

Plato's student Aristotle ( 384-322 BC ) famously set forth an extended treatise on rhetoric that still repays careful study today.

Equally important to later developments are texts on poetry, rhetoric, and sophistry, including many of Plato's dialogues, such as Cratylus, Ion, Gorgias, Lesser Hippias, and Republic, along with Aristotle's Poetics, Rhetoric, and On Sophistical Refutations.

Because of Plato's attacks on the sophists, Isocrates ' school of rhetoric and philosophy came to be viewed as unethical and deceitful.

Still, the paper started a controversy in which Sloterdijk was strongly criticized, both for his apparent usage of a fascist rhetoric to promote Plato's vision of a government with absolute control over the population, and for committing a non-normative, simplistic reduction of the bioethical issue itself.

Aristotle, in his works on rhetoric, answered Plato's charges by arguing that reason and rhetoric are intertwined (" Rhetoric is the counterpart of Dialectic " is the first sentence of his Rhetoric ).

The treatise shows the development of Aristotle's thought through two different periods while he was in Athens, and illustrates Aristotle's expansion of the study of rhetoric beyond Plato's early criticism of it in the Gorgias ( ca.

Plato's final dialogue on rhetoric, the Phaedrus ( ca. 370 BC ), offered a more moderate view of rhetoric, acknowledging its value in the hands of a true philosopher ( the " midwife of the soul ") for " winning the soul through discourse.

" This dialogue offered Aristotle, first a student and then a teacher at Plato's Academy, a more positive starting point for the development of rhetoric as an art worthy of systematic, scientific study.

These texts depict the sophists in an unflattering light, and it is unclear how accurate or fair Plato's representation of them may be ; however, Protagoras and Prodicus are portrayed in a largely positive light in Protagoras ( dialogue ).

It is known from Plato's writings that many sophists maintained schools of debate, were respected members of society, and were well paid by their students.

He believes Plutarch's account ultimately derives from Plato's works, and not from local Boeotian historians.

In Plato's judgment, the arts play a meaningful role in society only in the education of the young, prior to the full development of their intellectual powers.

In Plato's mind there is an irresolvable conflict between the poet and the philosopher, because the poet imitates only particular objects and is incapable of rising to the first level of abstraction, much less the highest level of ideal forms.

Plato's account of Atlantis may have also inspired parodic imitation: writing only a few decades after the Timaeus and Critias, the historian Theopompus of Chios wrote of a land beyond the ocean known as Meropis.

Cerberus featured in many prominent works of Greek and Roman literature, most famously in Virgil's Aeneid, Peisandros of Rhodes ' epic poem the Labours of Hercules, the story of Orpheus in Plato's Symposium, and in Homer's Iliad, which is the only known reference to one of Heracles ' labours which first appeared in a literary source.

Whereas Plato's demiurge is good wishing good on his creation, gnosticism contends that the demiurge is not only the originator of evil but is evil as well.

The only contemporaneous mention of Hippocrates is in Plato's dialogue Protagoras, where Plato describes Hippocrates as " Hippocrates of Kos, the Asclepiad.

Larissa was indeed the birthplace of Meno, who thus became, along with Xenophon and a few others, one of the generals leading several thousands Greeks from various places, in the ill-fated expedition of 401 ( retold in Xenophon's Anabasis ) meant to help Cyrus the Younger, son of Darius II, king of Persia, overthrow his elder brother Artaxerxes II and take over the throne of Persia ( Meno is featured in Plato's dialogue bearing his name, in which Socrates uses the example of " the way to Larissa " to help explain Meno the difference between true opinion and science ( Meno, 97a – c ) ; this " way to Larissa " might well be on the part of Socrates an attempt to call to Meno's mind a " way home ", understood as the way toward one's true and " eternal " home reached only at death, that each man is supposed to seek in his life ).

The term Platonism is used because such a view is seen to parallel Plato's Theory of Forms and a " World of Ideas " ( Greek: Eidos ( εἶδος )) described in Plato's Allegory of the cave: the everyday world can only imperfectly approximate an unchanging, ultimate reality.

In Plato's view the number of souls was fixed ; birth therefore is never the creation of a soul, but only a transmigration from one body to another.

542 ), quoted in Plato's dialogue, the Protagoras, and reconstructed here according to a recent interpretation, making it the only lyric poem of Simonides that survives intact:

The positive noumena, if they existed, would roughly correspond with Plato's Forms or Idea — immaterial entities which can only be apprehended by a special, non-sensory, faculty: " intellectual intuition ".

In De Differentiis Plethon compares Aristotle's and Plato's conceptions of God, arguing that Plato credits God with more exalted powers as " creator of every kind of intelligible and separate substance, and hence of our entire universe ", while Aristotle has Him as only the motive force of the universe ; Plato's God is also the end and final cause of existence, while Aristotle's God is only the end of movement and change.

The only Greek political treatise known to medieval Muslims at the time was Plato's Republic.

Aristotle shared Plato's view of multiple souls, ( ψυχή psychē ) and further elaborated a hierarchical arrangement, corresponding to the distinctive functions of plants, animals and people: a nutritive soul of growth and metabolism, that all three share, a perceptive soul of pain, pleasure and desire, that only animals and people share, and the faculty of reason, that is unique to people only.

After the conclusion of his edition of Plutarch's Moralia in 1805, the only important work he was able to publish was his well-known edition of Plato's Phaedo.

p ' ye-baek – pacte civil de solidarité – pain during intercourse – painful ejaculation – painful intercourse – painful ovulation – painful sex – pair-bonding – pairbond – pait likkhi – panderer – pandering – pansexual – pansexuality – panty fetishism – panty liner – panty pad – pantyhose fetishism – para 0 – para 1 – paramesonephric ducts – paranymph – paraphilia – paraphiliac – paraphilic adolescentilism – paraphilic gerontalism – paraphilic infantilism – paraphilic juvenilism – paraphimosis – parasympathetic nervous system – paraurethral glands – parovarium – paroöphoron – Parsee wedding – Parsi marriage customs – Parsi wedding – parthenogenesis – parthenos – partial androgen insensitivity syndrome – partialism – partialism ( paraphilia ) – partible paternity – party and play – passivism – pasties-paternity – paternity suit – pathicus – patriarchy – patrilocal residence – pearling – pearly penile papules – pecattiphilia – pedal pumping – pederasty – pediophilia – pedophilia – pedophilia and sexual orientation – peep show – Peeping Tom – peg boy – pegging – pelvic exam – pelvic examination – pelvic floor – pelvic floor muscles – pelvic inflammatory disease – pelvic malignancy – pelvic pain – penectomy – penetration – penetration phobia – penetration toy – penetrative sexual intercourse – penile anesthesia – penile cancer – penile fracture – penile inversion – penile ligation – penile plethysmography – penile suspensory ligament – penis – penis captivus – penis diameter – penis enlargement – penis extension – penis girth – penis gourd – penis length – penis modification – penis panic – penis pump – penis reattachment – penis removal – penis size – penis sleeve – penis substitute – penis transplantation – penis width – penoclitoris – peodeiktophilia – peptide hormone – perceptual image – The Perfumed Garden – perimenopause – perimetrium – perineal massage – perineal raphe – perineal reflex – perineal urethra – perineum – period – peripheral nervous system – peritomy – persistent Müllerian duct syndrome – persistent sexual arousal syndrome – persistent soliciting – personal ad – perversion – pervertible – pessary – petticoat discipline – petticoat punishment – petticoating – Petri Papyrus – petting – Peyronie disease – phallic stage – phallic symbol – phallometry – phallophilia – phalloplasty – phallus – phantom pregnancy – phenotypic matching – pheromone – philanderer – philosophy of sex – phimosis – phlebotomy – phobias – phobophilia – phone sex – Phthirius pubis – phygephilia – phylogeny – physical intimacy – pick-up artist – pictophilia – picture bride – pie throwing – piercings – the Pill – pimp – pinafore eroticism – pinaforing – pinching – pink salon – piquerism – pitching woo – pituitary gland – pity fuck – placenta – placental abruption – Planned Parenthood – plastic clothing – plateau phase – Plato's androgyne – Platonic love – Platonic marriage – Platonic relationship – play ( sexology ) – play piercing – playsuit ( lingerie ) – plaçage – plethysmography – plural marriage – plushophile – plushophilia – PnP – podophilia – point of no return – polyamory – polyandry – polyandry in Tibet – polycystic ovary syndrome – polyfidelity – polygamy – polygynandry – polygyny – polyiterophilia – polymastia – polymorphous perverse – polymorphous perversity – polythelia – pomosexual – pompoir – pony boots ( fetish footwear ) – ponyboy – ponygirl – poppers – popping her cherry – population control – Pornographic film actor – pornai – pornographic magazine – pornographic movie – pornographic novel – pornography – pornography in Europe – pornography in Japan – pornography in the United States – post-coital tristesse – post-natal depression – post-orgasmic pain – post-partum sex taboo – posterior commissure of labia – posthumous marriage – postmasturbatory urine – postpartum examination – potency – pozcum – pre-eclampsia – pre-ejaculate – pre-ejaculatory fluid – pre-marital sex – pre-menstrual tension – pre-op transsexual – precocious puberty – predicament bondage – prednisone – pregnancy – pregnancy fetishism – pregnancy over age 50 – Prehn's sign – preimplantation genetic diagnosis – premarital intercourse – premature ejaculation – premature puberty – premenstrual dysphoric disorder – premenstrual stress syndrome – prenatal masculinization – prenatal screening – prenatal testing – prenuptial agreement – prepenetrative orgasm – prepuce ( disambiguation ) – prepuce plasty – preputial plasty – preputial ring – preputial stenosis – preputioplasty – President's Commission on Obscenity and Pornography – priapism – Priapus – primatologist – primigravida – Prince Albert piercing – prince's wand – Princess Albertina – prison rape – prison sexuality – private dancer-proceptive phase – procurer – professional dominant – professional dominatrix – professional submissive – progesterone – progesterone only pill – progestin – progestin-induced hermaphroditism – progestin-induced virilisation – progestogen – prohibited degree of kinship – prolactin – prolactin-inhibitory factor – promiscuity – prophylactic – prostaglandins – prostate – prostate cancer – prostate massage – prostate milking – prostate orgasm – prostate specific antigen – prostate-specific antigen – prostatectomy – prostatic congestion – prostatic ducts – prostatic sinus – prostatic urethra – prostatic utricle – prostatitis – prosthesis – prosthetic testis – prosthetics – prostitute – prostitute's maid – prostitutes ' maid – prostitution – prostitution in Africa – prostitution in ancient Egypt – prostitution in ancient Greece – prostitution in ancient Rome – prostitution in Asia – prostitution in Australia – prostitution in Austria – prostitution in Canada – prostitution in China – prostitution in Denmark – prostitution in Europe – prostitution in Finland – prostitution in France – prostitution in Germany – prostitution in Hong Kong – prostitution in Iceland – prostitution in India – prostitution in Italy – prostitution in Japan – prostitution in Latin America – prostitution in Medieval Europe – prostitution in Myanmar – prostitution in Nepal – prostitution in Nevada – prostitution in New Zealand – prostitution in Rhode Island – prostitution in Russia – prostitution in Saudi Arabia – prostitution in South Korea – prostitution in Sweden – prostitution in Taiwan – prostitution in Thailand – prostitution in the Czech Republic – prostitution in the Netherlands – prostitution in the People's Republic of China – prostitution in the Philippines – prostitution in the Republic of Ireland – prostitution in the United Kingdom – prostitution in the United States – proxy marriage – proxy wedding – prudery – pseudocyesis – pseudohermaphrodite – pseudohermaphroditism – pseudovaginal perineoscrotal hypospadias – psychoendocrinology – psychohormonal – psycholagny – psychomotor epilepsy – Psychopathia Sexualis – psychopathia transsexualis – psychopathic – psychosexual development – psychosexual disorder – psychosexual inversion – psychosexual stages – psychrophilia – PT-141 – pubertal delay – puberty – puberty blockers – pubic depilation – pubic dressing – pubic hair – pubic lice – pubic piercing – pubic shaving – pubic symphysis – public nudity – public sex – pubococcygeus muscle – pudenda – pudendal cleft – pudendal nerve – puerperal psychosis – puerperium – pup-play – purdah – puritan – puritanism – purity ring – putative marriage – PVC fetishism – pygmalionism – pygophilia – pyromania – pyrophilia –

Though they conceive of mimesis in quite different ways, its relation with diegesis is identical in Plato's and Aristotle's formulations ; one represents, the other reports ; one embodies, the other narrates ; one transforms, the other indicates ; one knows only a continuous present, the other looks back on a past.

Chapel's feelings for Spock were revisited and alluded to only a few times in the series, but most notably in " Plato's Stepchildren ".

However, one would be the same person as Plato only if one had the same consciousness of Plato's thoughts and actions that he himself did.