In the Late Pleistocene, sea levels were about 140 m lower than in the present day, exposing the floor of the shallow Taiwan Strait as a land bridge that was crossed by mainland fauna.

Broward is among the last areas of Florida to be created and populated with fauna and flora, mostly in the Pleistocene.

Gastropods are one of the groups that record the changes in fauna caused by the advance and retreat of the Ice Sheets during the Pleistocene epoch.

However, the Pleistocene coot Fulica shufeldti ( formerly F. minor ), famously known as part of the Fossil Lake fauna, quite possibly was a paleosubspecies of the American Coot ( as Fulica americana shufeldti ) as they only differed marginally in size and proportions from living birds.

Submerged lands were exposed during the late Pleistocene period, allowing for the spread of flora and fauna from the peninsula.

Scholars believe that Paleo-Indians were specialized, highly mobile foragers who hunted late Pleistocene fauna such as bison, mastodons, caribou, and mammoths.

Pleistocene fauna and Acheulean artifacts have been found in the Olpiro Beds.

Moisture collected by this high range promoted the heavy Pleistocene glaciation and still supports a wide variety of flora and fauna.

* In Wales, at Ffynnon Beuno Cave, Tremeirchion, Denbighshire, the cave complex is excavated: occupational evidence includes Aurignacian and proto-Solutrean flint work plus Pleistocene fauna ( Palaeolithic, Old Stone Age ).

Reconstruction of Siberian terrain hosting the Wooly Mammoth, horses and other Pleistocene fauna.

Paleo Indians in the South were hunter-gatherers who pursued the mega fauna that became extinct following the end of the Pleistocene age.

* Cisneros, Juan Carlos ( 2005 ): New Pleistocene vertebrate fauna from El Salvador.

No antelope species are native to Australasia or Antarctica, nor do any extant species occur in the Americas, though at least one saiga species occurred in parts of North America during the Pleistocene.

The Pacific Coast is seen by a growing number of scholars as a major migration route for late Pleistocene peoples moving from northeast Asia into the Americas.

Another study examined the change of methane concentration in the atmosphere at the end of the Pleistocene epoch after the extinction of megafauna in the Americas.

This confirmation of a human presence in the Americas during the Pleistocene inspired many people to start looking for evidence of Early Man.

The last machairodontine genera Smilodon and Homotherium did not disappear until late in the Pleistocene, roughly 10. 000 years ago in the Americas.

In the Americas they coexisted together with the cougar, American lion, American cheetah, and jaguar until the late Pleistocene.

In the sequence of North American prehistoric cultural stages first proposed by Gordon Willey and Philip Phillips in 1958, the Lithic stage was the earliest period of human occupation in the Americas, accruing during the Late Pleistocene period, to time before 8, 000 B. C.

At the end of the Pleistocene epoch, about 12, 000 years ago, three dramatic developments occurred in the Americas at roughly the same time ( geologically speaking ).

The Tertiary also included the early Pleistocene.

Further investigation of the material by the Australian Heritage Commission led to the Crater Lakes myth being listed nationally on the Register of the National Estate, and included within Australia's World Heritage nomination of the wet tropical forests, as an " unparalleled human record of events dating back to the Pleistocene era.

It was included in the " Common Stonechat " ( Saxicola torquata ), but it is quite distinct ; it is likely to be an insular derivative of ancestral European Stonechats that colonised the islands some 1-2 mya, during the Early Pleistocene ( Wink et al.

A species of fossil duck from the Late Pleistocene of Vero Beach, Florida, was described as Querquedula floridana ( a genus now included in Anas ), but upon reexamination turned out to be a species closely related to the Hooded Merganser ; it is now named Lophodytes floridanus, but the exact relationship between this bird and the modern species is unknown.

The maximum extent of ice age | glacial ice in the north polar area during the Pleistocene period included the vast Laurentide ice sheet in eastern North America.

Fossil remains of beavers are found in the peat and other superficial deposits of Britain and the continent of Europe ; while in the Pleistocene formations of Britain and Siberia, remains of a giant extinct beaver have been found, Trogontherium cuvieri, representing a genus by itself.

A number of large animals including mammoths and mastodons, saber-toothed cats like Smilodon and Homotherium, and giant sloths disappeared in the late Pleistocene and early Holocene — especially in North America, where animals that survived elsewhere ( including horses and camels ) became extinct.

Sexual selection sometimes creates monstrously absurd features that, in harder times, could help cause a species ' extinction, as has been suggested for the giant antlers of the Irish Elk ( Megaloceros giganteus ) that became extinct in Pleistocene Europe.

Many large animals, or megafauna, including horses, camels, mammoths, mastodonts, ground sloths, sabre-tooth cats ( Smilodon ), the giant short-faced bear ( Arctodus simus ), and the cheetah, became extinct in North America at the end of the Pleistocene epoch ( ice ages ), at the same time the first evidence of humans appeared, in what is called the Holocene extinction event.

Orange County's Rock Spring location is a Pleistocene fossil bearing area and has yielded a vast variety of birds and mammals including giant sloth, mammoth, camel, and the Dire Wolf dating around 1. 1 million years ago.

The term is especially associated with the Pleistocene megafauna — the giant and very large land animals considered archetypical of the last ice age such as mammoths.

These tortoises are the biggest survivors of an assortment of giant tortoise species that were widely present on continental landmasses and additional islands during the Pleistocene.

During the Pleistocene epoch, giant monitor lizards lived in Southeast Asia and Australasia, the best known fossil being the megalania ( Varanus priscus unless it falls in its own genus, in which case it is Megalania prisca ).

Both the giant anteater and the southern tamandua are well represented in the fossil record of the late Pleistocene and early Holocene.

During the Pleistocene, giant dormice the size of large rats, such as Leithia melitensis, lived on the islands of Malta and Sicily.

The bestiary for this savannah landscape reads like a " who's-who " for some of the most unique creatures to inhabit North America – animals such as: Geochelone, a giant bathtub-sized tortoise ; Aiolornis incredibilis, the largest flying bird of the northern hemisphere, with wing span ; Paramylodon, Megalonyx and Nothrotheriops, giant ground sloths, some with bony armor within their skin ; Pewelagus, a very small rabbit ( paleontologists can name with a sense of humor ); Borophagus, a hyena-like dog ; Acrtodus, a giant short-faced bear ; Smilodon, a saber-toothed cat ; Miracinonyx, the North American cheetah ; Mammuthus imperator, the largest known mammoth ; Tapirus, an extinct tapir ; Equus enormis and Equus scotti, two species of extinct Pleistocene horse ; Gigantocamelus a giant camel ; and Capromeryx, the dwarf pronghorn.

Elasmotherium (" Thin Plate Beast ") is an extinct genus of giant rhinoceros endemic to Eurasia during the Late Pliocene through the Pleistocene, documented from 2. 6 Ma to as late as 50, 000 years ago, possibly later, in the Late Pleistocene, an approximate span of slightly less than 2. 6 million years.

Perhaps Guanacaste pods were among the foods exploited by certain species of Pleistocene megafauna that became extinct some 10, 000 years ago ( e. g. giant ground sloths, giant bison ).

The largest species was P. stirtoni ( or giant koala ) that lived in the Pleistocene epoch.

Previous genetic studies of African savanna ungulates revealed the presence of a long-standing Pleistocene refugium in east and South Africa, which also includes the giant eland.

South American wildlife in the Pleistocene varied greatly, an example is the giant ground sloth, Megatherium.