Polemically, Pătrăşcanu theorized that all these steps were " democratic-bourgeois ", and not socialist in their essence.

In May, after witnessing the result of Nazi pressures on Austria ( see Anschluss ), Călinescu decapitated the Guard by ordering arrests of its leaders, beginning with that of Codreanu, as well as many of its members and sympathisers ( including Nae Ionescu and Mircea Eliade ).

Eliade's views at the time focused on innovation — in the summer of 1933, he replied to an anti-modernist critique written by George Călinescu:

Călinescu recorded Eliade's rejection of objectivity, citing the author's stated indifference towards any " naïveté " or " contradictions " that the reader could possibly reproach him, as well as his dismissive thoughts of " theoretical data " and mainstream philosophy in general ( Eliade saw the latter as " inert, infertile and pathogenic ").

" A specific aspect of this focus on experience is sexual experimentation — Călinescu notes that Eliade's fiction works tend to depict a male figure " possessing all practicable women in given family ".

Thus, commentators such as Matei Călinescu and Carmen Muşat have also argued that a main characteristic of Eliade's fantasy prose is a substitution between the supernatural and the mundane: in this interpretation, Eliade turns the daily world into an incomprehensible place, while the intrusive supernatural aspect promises to offer the sense of life.

Eliade's 1934 novel Întoarcerea din rai (" Return from Paradise ") centers on Pavel Anicet, a young man who seeks knowledge through what Călinescu defined as " sexual excess ".

Eliade's short story Şarpele (" The Snake ") was described by George Călinescu as " hermetic ".

At the time of his arrest, he had just interrupted a column on Provincia şi legionarismul (" The Province and Legionary Ideology ") in Vremea, having been singled out by Prime Minister Armand Călinescu as an author of Iron Guard propaganda.

For Călinescu, such a perspective on life culminated in " banality ", leaving authors gripped by the " cult of the self " and " a contempt for literature ".

George Călinescu objected to the narrative, arguing that both the physical affair and the father's rage seemed artificial, while commenting that Eliade placing doubt on his Indian characters ' honesty had turned the plot into a piece of " ethnological humor ".

Early on, George Călinescu argued that the totalitarian model outlined in Huliganii was: " An allusion to certain bygone political movements [...], sublimated in the ever so abstruse philosophy of death as a path to knowledge.

Matei Călinescu did not reject Culianu's version, but argued that, on its own, the piece was beyond political interpretations.

After the assassination of Prime Minister Armand Călinescu on 21 September King Carol II tried to maintain neutrality for several months more, but the surrender of the Third French Republic and the retreat of British forces from continental Europe rendered the assurances that both countries had made to Romania meaningless.

Premier Armand Călinescu, who had already ordered a clampdown on Guardist activities, seized Iorga's demand for satisfaction as an opportunity, ordering Carol's rival to be tried for libel — the preamble to an extended trial on grounds of conspiracy.

According to George Călinescu, Nicolae Iorga was overdependent on his memory, which could result in " utterly fictitious " critical apparatuses for his scientific works.

Călinescu suggests that Iorga was an " anachronistic " type in his context: " approved only by failures ", aged before his time, modeling himself on ancient chroniclers and out of place in modern historiography.

According to Călinescu, the " philosopher-myths " ( Iorga and Pârvan ) also shaped the anti-Junimist outlook of the 1930s Trăirists, who returned to ethnic nationalism and looked favorably on the Dacian layer of Romanian identity.

It is generally agreed that there was no such escape attempt, and that Codreanu and the others were killed on the King's orders, probably in reaction to the November 24, 1938, murder by legionnaires of a relative ( some sources say a " friend ") of Armand Călinescu, then Minister of the Interior in the King's cabinet.

On March 7, 1939, a new government was formed with Călinescu as prime minister ; on September 21, 1939, he, in turn was assassinated by legionnaires avenging Codreanu.

The king instead sought an agreement with other members of the political class, including the National Liberal Ion Duca and the former PNŢ politician Armand Călinescu, while clamping down on the Iron Guard — leading to a wave of similar actions in reprisal.

The system relied instead on the new Constitution of 1938, the financial backing received from large business, and the winning over of several more or less traditional politicians, such as Nicolae Iorga and the Internal Affairs Minister Armand Călinescu ( see National Renaissance Front ).

The ban on the Guard was again tightly enforced, with Călinescu ordering all public places known to have harbored Legion meetings to be closed down ( including several restaurants in Bucharest ).

Călinescu attended secondary school and high school in his native city at Ion Brătianu High School then, between 1912 and 1918, studied the Law and Philosophy at University of Bucharest, before taking a Ph. D. in Economics and Political Sciences at the University of Paris, with a thesis on Le change roumain.

Initially, Călinescu intended to enter the political scene as a member of the dominant National Liberal Party ( PNL ), but his views on politics were rejected by its leader Ion I. C. Brătianu.

In the latter capacity, Călinescu oversaw actions against the illegal Communist Party: he ordered the troops to carry out arrests of suspected agitators after the miner strike in Lupeni, and ordered troops to open fire on demonstrators during the Griviţa Strike of 1933.

He soon became involved in a virulent dispute with historian Nicolae Iorga, when the latter issued harsh criticism regarding Carol's January 1939 initiative to dress large sections of the society, including Romanian Academy members, in various uniforms ( a measure backed by Călinescu ); Iorga remarked with irony: " I'm prepared to wear the FRN uniform, but allow me to wear a speared helmet on my head, on which to place is, to Impalement | impale the Minister of the Interior ".

Armand Călinescu ( 4 June 1893 – 21 September 1939 ) was a Romanian economist and politician, who served as Prime Minister between March 1939 and the time of his death.

He served as Minister of Agriculture in the Iuliu Maniu's government of 1928-1930 ( being seconded by Armand Călinescu ), then, between 1930 and 1933, he was the Minister of Internal Affairs ( he also held the office of Foreign Minister between late 1930 and early 1931 ).

* 1939 – Romanian Prime Minister Armand Călinescu is assassinated by ultranationalist members of the Iron Guard.

* 1939 – Armand Călinescu, Romanian politician, 39th Prime Minister of Romania ( b. 1893 )

Investigating the works ' main characteristics, George Călinescu stressed that Eliade owed much of his style to the direct influence of French author André Gide, concluding that, alongside Camil Petrescu and a few others, Eliade was among Gide's leading disciples in Romanian literature.

* George Călinescu, Istoria literaturii române de la origini până în prezent (" The History of Romanian Literature from Its Origins to Present Times "), Editura Minerva, Bucharest, 1986

Also, George Călinescu was a more complex writer who, among different literary creations, produced the monumental " History of the Romanian literature, from its origins till present day ".

George Călinescu is another complex personality of the Romanian literature: novelist, playwright, poet, literary critic and historian, essayist, journalist.

* George Călinescu, Istoria literaturii române de la origini până în prezent (" The History of Romanian Literature from its origins till present day "), 1941

According to Călinescu, Iorga was visibly embarrassed by even 19th century Romanticism, out of his territory with virtually everything after " Villani and Commynes ", and endorsing the " obscure manqués " in modern Romanian letters.

He was born in Piteşti as the son of Mihai Călinescu, a Romanian Army veteranian, and his wife Ecaterina, née Gherasim.

Having been secretly blacklisted at the same time as Nicolae Titulescu, Dinu Brătianu, and General Gavrilă Marinescu, Călinescu was assassinated in Bucharest by Iron Guard members under the direct leadership of Sima ( exiled in Steglitz at the time ), the last of several attempts ( which included an attack on the Romanian Athenaeum and bombing a bridge over the Dâmboviţa River — both of which were uncovered by police ).

In the summer of the same year, he was sent back in order to prepare and conduct the assassination of the Romanian Prime-Minister, Armand Călinescu, on September 21, 1939.

In his main work on the history of Romanian literature, George Călinescu included Caragiale among a group of " Balkan " writers, whose middle class status and often foreign origin, he argued, set them apart irrespective of their period — others in this category were, in chronological order, Anton Pann, Tudor Arghezi, Ion Minulescu, Urmuz, Mateiu Caragiale, and Ion Barbu.

George Călinescu (; June 19, 1899, Bucharest – March 12, 1965, Otopeni ) was a Romanian literary critic, historian, novelist, academician and journalist, and a writer of classicist and humanist tendencies.

George Călinescu was born Gheorghe Vişan on 14 June 1899, the son of a housekeeper, Maria Vişan ; the child was brought up by his mother's employers, Constantin Călinescu, a worker for Romanian State Railways, and his wife Maria, in their house in Bucharest.

Călinescu was the author of several fundamental texts of Romanian literary history ( Viaţa lui Mihai Eminescu, Opera lui Mihai Eminescu, and Viaţa lui Ion Creanga among others ).

From 1948 to 1953 Călinescu was mistrusted and marginalized, despite being named to the Academy of the Romanian People's Republic in 1949 ; even after destalinization began in the Soviet Union in 1953, the Romanian establishment continued to favor the " wooden-tongued ," socialist realist models the Soviets had begun to abandon.

Editura Adevĕrul signed on some of the best-selling authors in modern Romanian literature, among them Sadoveanu, Călinescu, Eugeniu Botez, Liviu Rebreanu and Gala Galaction.

The Romanian Academy's George Călinescu Institute, which claims the copyright to Călinescu's books, joined Editura Litera in a lawsuit against Adevărul.